1. Vim li cas xyoo 2027 yog thawj xyoo uas ua raws li txoj cai tiag tiag
LubCBAMLub sijhawm hloov pauv tau xaus rau hnub tim 31 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2025. Lub sijhawm kawg tau pib rau hnub tim 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2026, tab sis xyoo 2026 yog lub xyoo uas cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txheeb xyuas tau tsim kho: lub luag haujlwm yuav khoom tsis tom tam sim ntawd, thaum lub zog nyiaj txiag tau tsom mus rau xyoo 2027.
Ob hnub tim txhais xyoo 2027 rau cov neeg xa khoom tawm hlau:
1 Lub Ob Hlis 2027: Daim ntawv pov thawj CBAM pib muag; Cov neeg xa khoom hauv EU pib yuav daim ntawv pov thawj sib raug rau cov pa phem ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.
30 Cuaj Hlis 2027: thawj daim ntawv tshaj tawm txhua xyoo yuav tsum tau ua, suav nrog xyoo 2026 cov khoom xa tuaj thiab lawv cov pa phem. Hauv kev xyaum, txhua tonne ntawm 7304 / 7306 raj xa mus rau EU hauv xyoo 2026 yuav tsum muaj nws cov pa phem tshaj tawm thiab daim ntawv pov thawj tso tseg los ntawm hnub ntawd.
Yog li ntawd, xyoo 2027 yog xyoo uas CBAM hloov ntawm kev tshaj tawm mus rau kev them rau kev xa tawm cov yeeb nkab hlau.
2. CN 7304 thiab 7306 Muaj Tag Nrho Cov Kev Pabcuam
Ob leeg 7304 (cov raj tsis muaj seamless, cov kav dej thiab cov ntaub ntawv hollow) thiab 7306 (lwm yamcov kav dej vuam, cov kav dej thiab cov qauv hollow) poob rau hauv CBAM hlau thiab hlau, thiab qhov kev pab them nqi yog nyob rau theem tag nrho, tsis txwv rau cov sub-codes xaiv.
Qhov no txhais tau tias cov raj tsis muaj seamless (7304), cov raj welded (7306),kab yeeb nkab, casing thiab tubing, precision tube thiab galvanized tube yog txhua yam nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg thaum twg lawv raug cais raws li 7304 lossis 7306. Tsis muaj sub-code carve-out uas tshem tawm ib qho khoom raj tshwj xeeb los ntawm CBAM lub luag haujlwm.
3. Yuav Ua Li Cas Xam Tus Nqi Carbon Xyoo 2027: Kev Them Nqi Tsis Tu Ncua Ntxiv Rau Kev Kho Kom Haum Dawb
Tus nqi CBAM uas tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum tau them yog nyob ntawm plaub qhov sib txawv: cov pa phem uas tau muab tso rau hauv × qhov ntim khoom xa tuaj × tus nqi daim ntawv pov thawj × qhov kev hloov kho pub dawb.
3.1 Qhov nce nqi ntawm 20%
Yog tias tus neeg xa khoom tawm tsis tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tso pa phem uas tau txheeb xyuas tseeb, tus neeg xa khoom EU yuav raug thawb mus rau ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas qhov nqi qub. Cov nqi qub no twb yog cov nqi qub lawm, thiab kev nplua rau kev nplua yuav raug muab tso rau saum toj thaum xyoo 2026–2028:
2026: tus qauv × 1.10
2027: tus qauv × 1.20
Txij li xyoo 2028 mus: tus qauv × 1.30
Rau cov khoom hlau, suav nrog 7304 thiab 7306, qhov nce xyoo 2027 yog 20%. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov raj xa tawm yam tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj raug suav tias yog tso tawm 20% ntau dua li qhov pib, ncaj qha ua rau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm tus neeg xa khoom nce ntxiv thiab ua rau cov raj Suav tsis muaj peev xwm sib tw nrog cov neeg muag khoom uas tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag.
3.2 Kev hloov kho pub dawb: qhov CBAM factor poob qis mus rau 95% hauv xyoo 2027
CBAM tsis them tus nqi rau 100% ntawm cov pa phem uas tau muab tso rau hauv txij thaum pib. Tus nqi raug kho kom haum rau qhov kev faib dawb uas cov neeg tsim khoom hauv EU tseem tau txais, los ntawm CBAM factor:
2026: 97.5% (tsuas yog 2.5% ntawm cov pa phem uas tau them tag)
2027: 95% (qhov feem pua uas tau them nce mus txog 5%)
2034: 0% (tag nrho 100% kev pab them nqi)
Xyoo 2027, cov feem uas raug them yuav nce ob npaug ntawm qib xyoo 2026. Ua ke nrog 20% qhov kev nce nqi tsis raug thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi daim ntawv pov thawj, tus nqi carbon uas siv tau rau ib tuj ntawm cov raj nce siab heev txhua xyoo.
3.3 Piv txwv txog 2027 tus nqi qub rau 7304 thiab 7306 sub-codes
Cov nqi tsis raug cai sib txawv ntawm lub tebchaws tsim khoom thiab txoj kev tsim khoom. Cov lej xyoo 2027 hauv qab no (suav nrog 20% nce nqi, hauv t CO₂e ib tonne ntawm cov khoom) muab kev nkag siab ntawm tus nqi ntsuas:
| CN code | Kev piav qhia (luv) | 2027 tus nqi qub (suav nrog 20% ntxiv) |
| 7304 59 | Cov raj tsis muaj qhov txuas, lwm cov hlau sib xyaw, tsis yog kos txias / dov | 9.432 |
| 7304 90 00 | Lub raj xa dej tsis muaj qhov txuas, ntu hla uas tsis yog voj voog | 9.852 |
| 7306 19 00 | Cov yeeb nkab welded, tsis yog stainless hlau | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 49 | Threaded welded raj, voj voog, tsis galvanized | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 72 | Galvanized welded raj, OD ≤ 168.3 hli | 9.900 |
Rau ntau 7304 thiab 7306 sub-codes, tus nqi 2027 tsis siv neeg nyob ntawm lossis ze li ntawm 10 t CO₂e ib tonne ntawm lub raj. Ntawm tus nqi daim ntawv pov thawj piv txwv ntawm ib ncig ntawm € 75 / t CO₂e, tus nqi daim ntawv pov thawj CBAM tsis siv neeg ib leeg tuaj yeem mus txog ntau pua euros ib tonne, ua ntej siv 5% them feem hauv xyoo 2027 thiab txhua qhov kev txav mus los ntawm tus nqi hauv EUAs.
Ib qho teeb meem ntxiv uas siv tau yog tias txoj kev uas tus nqi tsis raug yuav ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua tsis raug. Qhov twg Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas txoj kev siv tsis qhia txog txoj kev tsim khoom tiag tiag (piv txwv li, lub chaw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau muab BF-BOF tsis raug), tus neeg xa khoom raug nplua tsis yog rau cov pa phem ntau dua tab sis rau qhov tsis tiav ntawm lub rooj tsis raug. Rau cov neeg xa khoom hauv Suav teb uas siv cov kev uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua, cov ntaub ntawv tseeb uas tau txheeb xyuas yog tib txoj hauv kev los kho qhov kev cuam tshuam no thiab zam kev them nyiaj rau qhov tsis raug uas ua rau lawv cov pa roj carbon ntau dhau.
4. Cov Neeg Xa Khoom Tawm Tube Yuav Tsum Xa Dab Tsi Rau Xyoo 2027
Tus neeg tshaj tawm CBAM raug cai yog tus neeg xa khoom tuaj ntawm EU. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tso pa tawm uas tau muab tso rau hauv tsuas yog tuaj yeem los ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom xwb. Yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub Hoobkas, tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem tshaj tawm lossis yuav tsum rov qab mus rau tus nqi qub nrog 20% ntxiv. Cov pob khoom ua raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev xa khoom tawm xyoo 2027 suav nrog:
Ib daim phiaj xwm teeb tsa uas tau saib xyuas: txhais cov ciam teb ntawm qhov chaw tsim cov raj xa dej, cov chaw tso pa tawm thiab cov txheej txheem sau cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov khoom siv (billet, strip, skelp) mus rau cov raj xa dej tiav. Daim phiaj xwm yuav tsum tau hloov kho tshiab thaum cov kab ntau lawm lossis cov txheej txheem hloov pauv loj heev.
Daim ntawv qhia txog kev tso pa tawm txhua xyoo: kev sib sau ua ke cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab xam cov pa tawm uas tau muab tso rau hauv ib tuj ntawm lub raj, los ntawm CN code functional unit, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw uas taug qab tau thiab txheeb xyuas tau.
Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus neeg thib peb los ntawm tus neeg txheeb xyuas CBAM uas tau lees paub: cov ntawv nthuav qhia lub sijhawm hloov pauv tsis txaus lawm. Daim ntawv qhia txog kev tso pa tawm yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas; yog tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia txog kev txheeb xyuas, tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem siv tsis tau cov nqi tiag tiag thiab 20% tus nqi ntxiv uas twb muaj lawm siv tau.
Kev xa cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj mus rau EU tus neeg xa khoom tuaj, uas xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm CBAM txhua xyoo. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj kuj tseem yuav soj ntsuam seb tus nqi carbon uas tau them zoo hauv Suav teb puas tuaj yeem thov tau ua kev txiav tawm, tab sis qhov pov thawj siab heev thiab xav tau cov ntaub ntawv them nqi carbon tiav, sib xws nrog CBAM.
5. Cov Kev Cuam Tshuam Zoo rau Cov Neeg Xa Khoom Yeeb Nkab Suav
Xyoo 2027 tsis yog qhov pib ntawm CBAM, tab sis nws yog xyoo uas tus nqi dhau los ua qhov tseeb thiab tsis zam tau. Cov neeg xa khoom tawm uas tsis tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv tso pa tawm thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv yuav ntsib 20% qhov tsis them nqi hauv thawj lub voj voog kev daws teeb meem, tsis hais kev lees txais qhov nyiaj tau los lossis poob kev txiav txim rau cov neeg muag khoom nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua yog:
Ua ntej tshaj, kos cov lej 7304 thiab 7306 uas muaj qhov ntim siab tshaj plaws thiab tsim cov yam ntxwv tso pa tawm ntawm qib lej, es tsis txhob kho "steel tube" ua ib pawg xwb;
Ua kom tiav kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2026 kom tus neeg xa khoom hauv EU tuav cov nqi tiag tiag uas siv tau ua ntej hnub kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 30, 2027;
Muab tus nqi daim ntawv pov thawj CBAM sib xyaw rau hauv cov qauv nqi EU, piv rau txoj kev muaj nqis tiag tiag piv rau txoj kev tsis tau teeb tsa, thiab siv qhov kev sib piv ntawd hauv kev sib tham nrog cov neeg siv khoom EU;
Rau cov kab raj siv EAF lossis cov txheej txheem carbon tsawg dua, xa cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag kom kho qhov kev faib tawm tsis raug hauv lub rooj teev tseg, yog li cov raj carbon tsawg dua tsis raug nplua zoo li nws yog cov pa roj carbon ntau.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-20-2026
