Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu ki ētahi atu kōrero, pēnei i te whakatau utu, ngā hua, ngā otinga, me ētahi atu, prīhiwhakapā mai ki a mātou i runga ipurangi.
1. Wehewehenga Whakatakotoranga
| Taonga | Ihirangi | Whakamārama |
|---|---|---|
| GOST 8732-78 | Te whānuitanga o ngā inenga me te paerewa whakarōpū mō ngā paipa maitai kore-whakaahua wera | E tohu ana i te diameter o waho, te matotoru o te pakitara, te roa, me ētahi atu. E pā ana ki ngā paipa tuimotu i hangaia mā te huri wera (te whakarerekētanga wera). Te whānuitanga OD noa: 32-426 mm; te matotoru o te pakitara e hiahiatia ana. |
| GOST 8731-74 | Paerewa hangarau mō ngā paipa maitai kore-whakakorikori wera | E whakaatu ana i te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ngā ture tirotiro, me ētahi atu. Me whakamahi ngātahi ngā paerewa e rua hei hanga i tētahi whakatakotoranga hua katoa. |
| 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | Te kounga maitai hanganga koranu Rūhia | He maitai koranu waro-waenga, he kaha teitei, he pakari hoki. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mīhini, i ngā umanga hōia, i ngā rererangi, me ētahi atu. |
| B | Te tohu "Akomanga" o te paipa | He tohu māka i roto i te pūnaha paerewa o Rūhia (he rite ki te PSL1). Me whakaū ngā whakaritenga motuhake mā roto i ngā tuhinga hangarau me ngā taipitopito ota. |
2. Paerewa me ngā Rauemi ōrite o Haina
Rauemi ōrite tika: 30CrMnSiA (GB/T 3077 – Rino hanganga koranu)
He tino ōrite ēnei, ā, ka taea te kī he rauemi kotahi. Te whakataurite i te hanganga matū:
| Huānga | 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | 30CrMnSiA | Tuhipoka |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.27 – 0.34 | 0.27 – 0.34 | Waro waenga |
| Si | 0.90 – 1.20 | 0.90 – 1.20 | — |
| Mn | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | — |
| Cr | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | Whakapai ake i te pakari |
| S | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
Ngā āhuatanga miihini tohutoro:
Kaha kume: ≥ 420 MPa
Kaha whakaputa: ≥ 235 MPa
Te roa: ≥ 24%
Te pakari o te pānga: ≥ 35 J/cm²
Pakari: ≤ 207 HB
3. Whakamārama Paerewa
GOST 8732-78
Awhe rahinga: OD 32 – 426 mm, matotoru pakitara 2.5 – 75 mm (e kī ana ētahi puna tae atu ki te 75 mm)
Roa: 4.0 – 12.5 m te nuinga
Ngā momo maitai e tika ana: Ngā maitai waro me ngā maitai koranu (hei tauira, te maitai koranu 12Kh1MF, me ētahi atu)
GOST 8731-74
Whānuitanga: Ngā paipa maitai kore-honohono wera-whakarerekētia mō te kaupapa whānui, o ngā maitai waro me te maitai koranu
Ngā ihirangi matua: Te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ngā ture tirotiro, ngā whakaritenga maimoatanga wera, me ētahi atu. Me whakamahi tahi me te GOST 8732-78
4. Ngā Whakaaro Matua mō te Whakaputa
He maitai koranu waro-waenga tēnei rauemi, me tino aro nui ki ngā tukanga. Kia aro nui ki:
4.1 Te Whakahaere Rauemi Mata
Me hanga ngā perehi ki te maitai koranu porowhita. Me tino tirotiro i te hanganga matū kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga paerewa (he iti te S & P hei karo i ngā pakaru).
Kōwhiria ngā pereki mai i ngā mira nui he wheako ki te maitai koranu (hei tauira, Baosteel, Valin Steel, Hengyang) kia mōhio ai koe ki te kounga o roto (he iti te ihirangi hau, he iti noa ngā mea whakauru).
4.2 Te Whakahaere Pāmahana Whakamahana
Te pāmahana whakamahana o ngā pereki: 1150 – 1250 °C; kia ōrite te pāmahana mai i te pūtake ki te mata hei karo i te wera nui, i te wera iti rānei.
Whakahaerehia te roa o te whakamahana me te āhuarangi hei ārai i te tangohanga waro o te mata (ka pā ki te pakeke me te kaha o te mata).
4.3 Te Whakahaere i te Whakarerekētanga me te Hanga
Whakahaerehia te ōritetanga o te matotoru o te pakitara kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga paerewa mō te OD me te matotoru o te pakitara.
Mō te tukanga wero, whakamahia he whakaiti iti i mua i te mono hei karo i ngā hapa o roto pērā i te pakaru, te ngatata rānei.
4.4 Te Maimoatanga Wera (He mea nui!)
He maitai waro-waenga te 30KhGSA kua tineihia, kua whakamaroketia hoki – me tinei me te whakamaroketia kia tutuki ai ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana. I muri i te tineitanga me te whakamaroketia, ka whakaatuhia he kaha teitei me te pakari. Ngā whakaritenga maimoatanga wera noa: tineitanga i te 880 °C, whakamatao hinu; whakamaroketia i te 540 °C, whakamatao wai, hinu rānei. Me tino whakamatautauria ngā āhuatanga miihini i muri i te maimoatanga wera kia rite ki te paerewa.
4.5 Tirotiro Kounga
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro: E ai ki ngā whakaritenga, me tirotirohia ia paipa mā te whakamātautau ultrasonic (UT) me te whakamātautau eddy current (ET).
Whakamātautau āhuatanga ā-mīhini: Me tango tauira mō ia puranga mō ngā whakamātautau kume, pānga, papatahi/piko.
Tirotiro ā-ahua me te tirohanga: Ka tirohia ia paipa mō te OD, te matotoru o te pakitara, te roa, te kounga o te mata, te piko o te pito, me ētahi atu.
5. Ngā tono me ngā whakaritenga kaweake
Ko ngā paipa tui kore o tēnei rauemi e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te rererangi, te hanga hōia, te miihini (ngā tono kaha-teitei), tae atu ki ngā pou taumaha, ngā taputapu, ngā mata kōpeketanga, me ētahi atu.
I te wā e kaweake ana ki Rūhia, me tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te Ture Hangarau a te Kotahitanga Tikanga o Ūropi TR CU 032/2013 (Haumaru o ngā Taputapu Pēhanga). E taunakihia ana kia whakaūhia ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete EAC ki te kiritaki i mua atu, me te whakauru i te tautoko hangarau e tika ana ki te whakatau utu.
Mena ko te kounga me te paerewa maitai anake ka tukuna e te kiritaki, engari kāore e tohua te OD, te matotoru o te pakitara, te roa me te rahinga, tonoa ēnei mōhiohio i te tuatahi i mua i te whakahua i te utu hei karo i ngā mōrearea mahi a muri ake nei.
I te wā e whakautu ana, me whakahua wawe i ngā kōrero matua pēnei i te ngoikore o te whakarewa me te tiwhikete EAC hei whakaatu i te ngaiotanga.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-01-2026
