1. Chifukwa Chake 2027 Ndi Chaka Choyamba Chotsatira Malamulo
TheCBAMNthawi yosinthira inatha pa 31 Disembala 2025. Nthawi yomaliza inayamba pa 1 Januwale 2026, koma 2026 imamveka bwino ngati chaka chowonjezera deta ndi kutsimikizira: udindo wogula sukulira nthawi yomweyo, pomwe kupsinjika kwa ndalama kumakhazikika mu 2027.
Masiku awiri amafotokoza chaka cha 2027 cha ogulitsa machubu achitsulo:
1 February 2027: Zikalata za CBAM zayamba kugulitsidwa; Ogula ochokera ku EU ayamba kugula zikalata zogwirizana ndi utsi wochokera ku katundu wochokera kunja.
30 Seputembala 2027: chilengezo choyamba cha pachaka chiyenera kuchitika, chomwe chikuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja mu 2026 ndi mpweya woipa womwe umalowa mkati mwake. Mwachidule, tani iliyonse ya chubu cha 7304 / 7306 yotumizidwa ku EU mu 2026 iyenera kukhala ndi mpweya woipa womwe walengezedwa ndipo ziphaso zake zaperekedwa pofika tsiku limenelo.
Chifukwa chake 2027 ndi chaka chomwe CBAM yasintha kuchoka pakupereka malipoti kupita ku kulipira kutumiza kunja kwa machubu achitsulo.
2. CN 7304 ndi 7306 Zaphimbidwa Mokwanira
Zonse ziwiri 7304 (machubu opanda msoko, mapaipi ndi ma profiles opanda kanthu) ndi 7306 (zinamachubu olumikizidwa, mapaipi ndi ma profiles opanda kanthu) ali mkati mwa CBAM chitsulo ndi chitsulo, ndipo chophimbacho chili pamlingo wonse, osati kokha ku ma sub-code osankhidwa.
Izi zikutanthauza chubu chopanda msoko (7304), chubu cholumikizidwa (7306),chitoliro cha mzere, chivundikiro ndi machubu, chubu cholondola ndi chubu chopangidwa ndi galvanised zonse zimayang'aniridwa nthawi iliyonse zikaikidwa pansi pa 7304 kapena 7306. Palibe kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamachotsa chubu china chake ku udindo wa CBAM.
3. Momwe Mtengo wa Kaboni wa 2027 Umawerengedwera: Kusintha kwa Kuyika Ndalama Pamodzi ndi Kugawa Kwaulere
Mtengo wa CBAM womwe wotumiza kunja amalipira umadalira zinthu zinayi: mpweya woipa wolowetsedwa × kuchuluka kwa mafuta olowa kunja × mtengo wa satifiketi × kusintha kwa kugawa kwaulere.
3.1 Kuwonjezeka kwa 20% ya mtengo wokhazikika
Ngati wogulitsa kunja sangathe kupereka deta yotsimikizika yokhudzana ndi mpweya woipa, wogulitsa kunja wa EU amakankhira pa mtengo wokhazikika wa Commission. Mtengo wokhazikika uwu ndi wokhazikika kale, ndipo chiwongola dzanja chimayikidwa pamwamba pa 2026-2028:
2026: chosasinthika × 1.10
2027: chosasinthika × 1.20
2028 kupita mtsogolo: chokhazikika × 1.30
Pa katundu wachitsulo, kuphatikizapo 7304 ndi 7306, chiwongola dzanja cha 2027 ndi 20%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chubu chotumizidwa kunja popanda deta yotsimikizika chimaonedwa ngati chimatulutsa 20% kuposa mtengo woyambira, zomwe zimawonjezera mwachindunji bilu ya satifiketi ya wotumiza kunja ndikuwononga mpikisano wa chubu cha ku China motsutsana ndi ogulitsa omwe angapereke deta yeniyeni.
3.2 Kusintha kwa magawo kwaulere: CBAM factor yatsika kufika pa 95% mu 2027
CBAM siilipiritsa 100% ya mpweya woipa womwe walowetsedwa kuyambira pachiyambi. Mtengo wake umasinthidwa kuti ugwirizane ndi kugawa kwaulere komwe opanga a EU amalandira, kudzera mu CBAM factor:
2026: 97.5% (2.5% yokha ya mpweya woipa womwe umaperekedwa bwino)
2027: 95% (gawo lomwe likulipidwa likukwera kufika pa 5%)
2034: 0% (kufalikira konse 100%)
Mu 2027, gawo lolipiridwa limawonjezeka kawiri kuchokera pamlingo wa 2026. Kuphatikiza ndi 20% yokhazikika yowerengera ndalama komanso kusuntha kwa mitengo ya satifiketi, mtengo wogwira ntchito wa kaboni pa tani imodzi ya chubu umakwera kwambiri chaka ndi chaka.
3.3 Ma model owonetsera a 2027 a ma sub-code 7304 ndi 7306
Mitengo yokhazikika imasiyana malinga ndi dziko lomwe zinthu zapangidwira komanso njira yopangira. Ziwerengero zotsatirazi za 2027 (kuphatikiza 20%, mu t CO₂e pa tani ya chinthu) zikuwonetsa mtengo womwe ulipo:
| Khodi ya CN | Kufotokozera (kwachidule) | Mtengo wokhazikika wa 2027 (kuphatikiza 20% yowonjezera) |
| 7304 59 | Chubu chopanda msoko, chitsulo china cha alloy, chosakokedwa/kuzunguliridwa chozizira | 9.432 |
| 7304 90 00 | Chubu chopanda msoko, chosazungulira | 9.852 |
| 7306 19 00 | Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi welded, chosapanga dzimbiri | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 49 | Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi ulusi, chozungulira, chosakulungidwa ndi magalasi | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 72 | Chubu cholumikizidwa ndi galvanised, OD ≤ 168.3 mm | 9.900 |
Pa ma sub-code ambiri a 7304 ndi 7306, mtengo wokhazikika wa 2027 uli pa kapena pafupi ndi 10 t CO₂e pa tani imodzi ya chubu. Pa mtengo wosonyeza satifiketi wa pafupifupi €75/t CO₂e, mtengo wokhazikika wa satifiketi ya CBAM wokha ukhoza kufika pa ma euro mazana angapo pa tani imodzi, musanagwiritse ntchito gawo la 5% mu 2027 komanso kusintha kulikonse kwamitengo mu EUAs.
Nkhani ina yothandiza ndi yakuti njira yokhazikika ingasokoneze opanga mpweya wochepa. Pamene njira yowunikira ya Commission sikuwonetsa njira yeniyeni yopangira (mwachitsanzo, wopanga ng'anjo yamagetsi akupatsidwa BF-BOF yokhazikika), wogulitsa kunja amalangidwa osati chifukwa cha mpweya woipa wambiri koma chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa tebulo lokhazikika. Kwa ogulitsa machubu aku China omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsika mpweya, deta yeniyeni yotsimikizika ndiyo njira yokhayo yokonzera kusokonekera kumeneku ndikupewa kulipira pa default yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu ya mpweya wawo.
4. Zimene Otumiza Ma Tube Ayenera Kupereka mu 2027
Chikalata chovomerezeka cha CBAM ndi chochokera ku EU. Koma deta yotulutsa mpweya woipa imatha kuchokera ku makina opangira. Popanda deta yotsimikizika kuchokera ku fakitale, wotumiza sangalengeze kapena ayenera kubwerera ku mtengo wokhazikika ndi 20% yowonjezera. Phukusi locheperako lotsatira malamulo otumizira kunja kwa 2027 limaphatikizapo:
Ndondomeko yowunikira yokhazikitsa: kufotokoza malire a malo opangira machubu, magwero otulutsa mpweya ndi njira zosonkhanitsira deta, zomwe zikuphatikizapo njira yoyambira (billet, strip, skelp) mpaka chubu chomalizidwa. Dongosololi liyenera kusinthidwa pamene mizere kapena njira zopangira zikusintha kwambiri.
Lipoti la pachaka la mpweya woipa: kuphatikiza zolemba za mphamvu ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuwerengera mpweya woipa womwe walowetsedwa pa tani imodzi ya chubu, ndi unit yogwira ntchito ya CN code, ndi zikalata zoyambira zomwe zingathe kutsatiridwa komanso kutsimikiziridwa.
Kutsimikizika kwa chipani chachitatu ndi wotsimikizira wa CBAM wovomerezeka: ma spreadsheet a nthawi yosinthira sakukwaniranso. Lipoti la mpweya woipa liyenera kutsimikiziridwa; popanda lipoti lotsimikizira, wotumiza kunja sangagwiritse ntchito zenizeni ndipo chiwongola dzanja cha 20% chimagwira ntchito.
Kutumiza phukusi lotsimikizika la deta kwa wotumiza kunja wa EU, yemwe amalemba chikalata cha pachaka cha CBAM. Otumiza kunja angayang'anenso ngati mtengo uliwonse wa kaboni womwe waperekedwa bwino ku China ungatchulidwe ngati kuchotsera, koma malire a umboni ndi okwera ndipo amafunika zolemba zonse zolipira kaboni zogwirizana ndi CBAM.
5. Zotsatira Zanzeru kwa Otumiza Ma Tube ku China
Chaka cha 2027 si chiyambi cha CBAM, koma ndi chaka chomwe mtengo wake umakhala woonekeratu komanso wosapeweka. Ogulitsa kunja omwe sanapange njira yopezera deta ya mpweya panthawi yosinthira adzakumana ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 20% mu nthawi yoyamba yolipira, kaya kuvomereza phindu kapena kutaya maoda kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi deta yotsimikizika.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
Choyamba, konzani ma sub-code 7304 ndi 7306 omwe ali ndi voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri ndikupanga zinthu zotulutsa mpweya pamlingo wa sub-code, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito "chubu chachitsulo" ngati gulu limodzi;
Kutsimikizira kwathunthu deta ya 2026 kuti wogulitsa kunja wa EU akhale ndi mtengo weniweni wogwiritsidwa ntchito isanafike nthawi yomaliza ya 30 Seputembala 2027;
Phatikizani mtengo wa satifiketi ya CBAM mu mitundu yamitengo ya EU, kuyerekeza njira yeniyeni yamtengo wapatali ndi njira yokhazikika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kufananiza kumeneko pokambirana ndi makasitomala a EU;
Pa mizere ya machubu pogwiritsa ntchito EAF kapena njira zochepetsera mpweya, tumizani deta yeniyeni mwachangu kuti mukonze zolakwika pa njira mu tebulo lokhazikika, kuti chubu chochepetsera mpweya chisalangidwe ngati kuti ndi cha kaboni wambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-20-2026
