1. Nei 2027 Iri Gore Rekutanga Rekutevedzera Mutemo
IyoCBAMNguva yekuchinja yakapera musi wa31 Zvita 2025. Nguva yekupedzisira yakatanga musi wa1 Ndira 2026, asi 2026 inonzwisiswa zvakanyanya segore rekuwedzera data nekusimbisa: chisungo chekutenga hachikurumidzi kuruma, nepo kumanikidzwa kwemari kuchinyanya muna 2027.
Mazuva maviri anotsanangura gore ra2027 kune vanotumira kunze machubhu esimbi:
1 Kukadzi 2027: Zvitupa zveCBAM zvakatanga kutengeswa; Vatengesi veEU vanotanga kutenga zvitupa zvinoenderana nezvinoburitswa kubva pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
30 Gunyana 2027: chiziviso chekutanga chegore negore chave kuda kuitwa, chinosanganisira zvinhu zvinopinzwa munyika muna 2026 uye utsi hwazvo hwakaiswa mukati. Muchokwadi, tani yega yega ye7304 / 7306 tube inotumirwa kuEU muna 2026 inofanira kunge yaziviswa uye zvitupa zvadzo zvadzoserwa musi iwoyo.
Saka gore ra2027 ndiro gore iro CBAM inochinja kubva pakuzivisa zvinhu kuenda pakubhadhara kutengeswa kwemachubhu esimbi.
2. CN 7304 na7306 Zvakafukidzwa Zvakazara
Ose ari maviri 7304 (machubhu asina musono, mapaipi uye mapurofayiri asina chinhu) uye 7306 (zvimwemachubhu akasungirirwa, mapaipi uye ma profiles asina chinhu) ari mukati meCBAM iron nesteel scope, uye kufukidza kuri padanho rese remusoro, kwete kungogumira kuma sub-code akasarudzwa.
Izvi zvinoreva chubhu isina musono (7304), chubhu yakasungirirwa (7306),pombi yemutsetse, casing nemachubhu, chubhu chaiyo uye chubhu yakabatidzwa zvese zviri muchikamu chero nguva pazvinoiswa pasi pe7304 kana 7306. Hapana sub-code carve-out inobvisa chigadzirwa chechubhu kubva kuCBAM.
3. Kuverengwa Kwemutengo weKabhoni we2027: Kugadziriswa Kwekugoverwa Kwemahara Kwekugadziriswa Kwemari Yemahara
Mari inobhadharwa neCBAM inotakurwa nemutengesi inoenderana nezvinhu zvina: embedded emissions × import volume × certificate price × free allocation adjustment factor.
3.1 Chiyero che20% chekukosha kwepakutanga
Kana mutengesi asingakwanise kupa data rechokwadi reutsi hunobuda, mutengesi weEU anosundirwa pamutengo weCommission. Mutengo wemutengo uyu watove wakagadzikana, uye chirango chinoiswa pamusoro pegore ra2026-2028:
2026: default × 1.10
2027: default × 1.20
2028 zvichienda mberi: default × 1.30
Pazvinhu zvesimbi, zvinosanganisira 7304 ne7306, mubairo wegore ra2027 i20%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chubhu inotumirwa kunze isina data rakasimbiswa inoonekwa seinoburitsa 20% kupfuura default baseline, zvichiwedzera zvakananga bhiri rechitupa chemutengesi uye zvichikanganisa kukwikwidzana kwechubhu yeChina kune vatengesi vanogona kupa data chairo.
3.2 Kugadziriswa kwekugoverwa kwemari pachena: CBAM factor inoderera kusvika pa95% muna 2027
CBAM haibhadharisi 100% yeutsi hwakaburitswa kubva pakutanga. Mari yacho inogadziriswa kuti ienderane nechikamu chemahara chichiri kuwanikwa nevagadziri veEU, kuburikidza neCBAM factor:
2026: 97.5% (2.5% chete yeutsi hunobuda zvinobudirira)
2027: 95% (mugove wemari unobhadharwa unokwira kusvika pa5%)
2034: 0% (kufukidza kwakazara kwe100%)
Muna 2027, mugove wemari unobhadharwa wakapetwa kaviri kubva padanho ra2026. Pamwe chete ne20% default mark-up uye kufamba kwemutengo wesitifiketi, mutengo wecarbon unoshanda patani yechubhu unokwira zvakanyanya gore negore.
3.3 Mifananidzo ye2027 ine ma sub-codes 7304 ne7306 ine mifananidzo yakajairwa
Makoshero epakutanga anosiyana zvichienderana nenyika yekugadzirwa uye nzira yekugadzira. Nhamba dzinotevera dzegore ra2027 (kusanganisira 20% mark-up, mu t CO₂e patani yechigadzirwa) dzinopa pfungwa yechiyero chemutengo:
| Kodhi yeCN | Tsananguro (pfupi) | Kukosha kwakajairika kwe2027 (kusanganisira 20% mark-up) |
| 7304 59 | Chubhu isina musono, imwe simbi yesimbi, isina kudhonzwa kana kupetwa inotonhora | 9.432 |
| 7304 90 00 | Chubhu isina musono, isina chikamu chedenderedzwa | 9.852 |
| 7306 19 00 | Pombi yetambo yakasungirirwa, isina ngura | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 49 | Chubhu yakasungirirwa neshinda, yakatenderera, isina galvanized | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 72 | Chubhu yakasungirirwa nesimbi, OD ≤ 168.3 mm | 9.900 |
Kune akawanda ma sub-codes e7304 ne7306, kukosha kwekutanga kwe2027 kuri pa10 t CO₂e patani yechubhu kana kuti pedyo. Pamutengo wechitupa unoratidza weinenge €75/t CO₂e, mutengo wechitupa cheCBAM cheCBAM chega unogona kusvika mazana ema euros patani, usati washandisa 5% charged share muna 2027 uye chero shanduko yemitengo muEUAs.
Imwe nyaya inoshanda ndeyekuti nzira yekuburitsa carbon dioxide inogona kukanganisa vagadziri vecarbon dioxide shoma. Kana nzira yekuburitsa carbon dioxide yeKomisheni isingaratidze nzira chaiyo yekugadzira (semuenzaniso, mugadziri wefurnace yemagetsi anopihwa BF-BOF default), mutengesi anorangwa kwete nekuda kwekubuda kwemhepo yakawanda asi nekuda kwekusakwana kwetafura yekuburitsa carbon dioxide. Kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina vanoshandisa nzira dzekuburitsa carbon dioxide shoma, data rechokwadi rakasimbiswa ndiyo chete nzira yekugadzirisa kukanganisa uku uye kudzivirira kubhadhara pamutengo wekuburitsa carbon dioxide unopfuura simba ravo.
4. Zvinofanira Kuendeswa Nevanotumira Tube Kunze Kwenyika Gore ra2027
Chiziviso chepamutemo cheCBAM ndicho chinotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muEU. Asi data remhepo inobuda rinogona kungobva mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Pasina data rakasimbiswa nefekitori, munhu anotumira zvinhu kunze haakwanise kuzivisa kana kuti anofanira kudzokera kuhuwandu hwekutanga ne20% mark-up. Pakeji yekutevera mitemo yekutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika muna 2027 inosanganisira:
Chirongwa chekuisa chinotariswa: kutsanangura miganhu yenzvimbo yekugadzira machubhu, manyuko emhepo inoburitsa zvinhu uye nzira dzekuunganidza data, zvichifukidza maitiro kubva pakupinda (billet, strip, skelp) kusvika pachubhu yapera. Chirongwa chinofanira kugadziriswa kana mitsetse yekugadzira kana maitiro acho achichinja zvakanyanya.
Mushumo wegore negore weutsi hunobuda: kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvekushandiswa kwesimba nezvinhu uye kuverenga utsi hunobuda patani imwe neimwe yechubhu, neCN code functional unit, pamwe nemagwaro ekutsvaga uye echokwadi.
Kusimbiswa kwemunhu wechitatu neCBAM verifier inotenderwa: maspredishiti enguva yekuchinja haachakwani. Mushumo wekubudisa hutsi unofanira kusimbiswa; pasina mushumo wekusimbisa, mutengesi haagone kushandisa kukosha chaiko uye 20% default mark-up inoshanda.
Kuendeswa kwedata rakasimbiswa kune anopinza zvinhu muEU, uyo anotumira gwaro reCBAM regore negore. Vanotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanogonawo kuongorora kana mutengo wekabhoni wakabhadharwa zvakanaka muChina uchigona kutorwa semari inobviswa, asi chiyero cheuchapupu chakakwira uye chinoda marekodhi akazara ekubhadhara kabhoni anoenderana neCBAM.
5. Zvinokonzera Hurongwa Hwakanaka Kune Vanotumira Tube muChina
Gore ra2027 harisi kutanga kweCBAM, asi ndiro gore iro mutengo wacho unova pachena uye usingadzivisiki. Vatengesi vekunze vasina kuvaka sisitimu yedata reutsi munguva yekuchinja vachasangana ne20% yekusabhadhara mutero wekutanga, kungave kubvuma mari shoma kana kurasikirwa neodha kune vatengesi vane data rinogoneka.
Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha ndeizvi:
Tanga nekutarisa ma sub-code e7304 ne7306 ane huwandu hwepamusoro uye ugadzire zvinhu zvinoburitsa emission padanho re sub-code, pane kushandisa "steel tube" sechikamu chimwe chete;
Kusimbisa zvizere data ra2026 kuitira kuti mutengesi weEU agare aine kukosha kwayo kunoshandiswa usati wasvika musi we30 Gunyana 2027;
Batanidza mutengo weCBAM certificate muEU pricing models, uchienzanisa nzira chaiyo-mutengo uchienzaniswa nenzira yagara iripo, uye shandisa kuenzanisa ikoko mukutaurirana nevatengi veEU;
Kune machubhu anoshandisa EAF kana maitiro epasi pekabhoni, tumira data chairo kuti ugadzirise kusarongeka kwenzira mutafura yakatarwa, kuitira kuti chubhu yepasi pekabhoni isarangwa sekunge ine kabhoni yakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-20-2026
