Haeba o batla ho tseba tlhahisoleseding e batsi, jwalo ka khotheishene, dihlahiswa, ditharollo, jj., pkhirisoikopanye le rona inthaneteng.
1. Tlhaloso ea Litlhaloso
| Ntho | Dikahare | Tlhaloso |
|---|---|---|
| GOST 8732-78 | Mefuta e fapaneng le maemo a mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang sekoli tse chesang | E totobatsa bophara ba kantle, botenya ba lebota, bolelele, jj. E sebetsa ho liphaephe tse se nang mohele tse hlahisoang ke ho phutholla ho chesang (hot deformation). Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea OD: 32-426 mm; botenya ba lebota kamoo ho hlokahalang. |
| GOST 8731-74 | Maemo a tekheniki a tloaelehileng bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang sekoli tse chesitsoeng tse chesang | E totobatsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mechini, mekhoa ea liteko, melao ea tlhahlobo, jj. Litekanyetso tsena tse peli li tlameha ho sebelisoa hammoho ho theha tlhaloso e felletseng ea sehlahisoa. |
| 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | Sehlopha sa tšepe sa motswako oa Russia | Tšepe e kopantsoeng ea khabone e mahareng e nang le matla a phahameng le ho tiea ho hoholo. E sebelisoa mechining, indastering ea sesole, lifofaneng, jj. |
| B | Tlhaloso ea "Sehlopha" sa phaephe | Letšoao la kereiti tsamaisong e tloaelehileng ea Russia (e tšoanang le ea PSL1). Litlhoko tse khethehileng li tlameha ho netefatsoa ka litokomane tsa tekheniki le lintlha tsa odara. |
2. Tekanyetso le Boitsebiso bo Lekanang ba Sechaena
Thepa e lekanang ka ho toba: 30CrMnSiA (GB/T 3077 – Tšepe ea sebopeho sa motsoako)
Li lekana ka botlalo 'me li ka nkoa e le thepa e tšoanang. Papiso ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale:
| Karolo | 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | 30CrMnSiA | Hlokomela |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.27 – 0.34 | 0.27 – 0.34 | Khabone e mahareng |
| Si | 0.90 – 1.20 | 0.90 – 1.20 | — |
| Mn | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | — |
| Cr | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | E ntlafatsa ho tiea ha eona |
| S | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
Litšupiso tsa thepa ea mechine:
Matla a ho thapolla: ≥ 420 MPa
Matla a tlhahiso: ≥ 235 MPa
Ho lelefatsa: ≥ 24%
Matla a tshusumetso: ≥ 35 J/cm²
Bothata: ≤ 207 HB
3. Tlhaloso e Tloaelehileng
GOST 8732-78
Bophara ba litekanyo: OD 32 – 426 mm, botenya ba lebota 2.5 – 75 mm (mehloli e meng e bontša ho fihlela ho 75 mm)
Bolelele: Hangata 4.0 - 12.5 m
Mekhahlelo ea tšepe e sebetsang: Litšepe tsa carbon le tsa alloy (mohlala, tšepe ea alloy 12Kh1MF, jj.)
GOST 8731-74
Sekgahla: Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang sekoli tse chesang tse se nang sebopeho se akaretsang tsa tšepe ea carbon le ea alloy
Dikahare tsa bohlokwa: Sebopeho sa dikhemikhale, thepa ya mechini, mekgwa ya teko, melao ya tlhahlobo, ditlhoko tsa kalafo ya mocheso, jj. E lokela ho sebediswa mmoho le GOST 8732-78
4. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Tlhahiso
Thepa ena ke tšepe ea motswako oa khabone e mahareng e hlokang taolo e tiileng ea ts'ebetso. Ela hloko ka ho khetheha:
4.1 Taolo ea Lintho tse Tala
Li-billet li lokela ho etsoa ka lipalesa tse chitja tsa tšepe ea alloy. Hlahloba ka hloko metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale ho fihlela litlhoko tse tloaelehileng (S & P e tlase ho qoba mapetso).
Khetha li-billet tse tsoang liindastering tse kholo tse nang le boiphihlelo ba tšepe ea alloy (mohlala, Baosteel, Valin Steel, Hengyang) ho netefatsa boleng ba kahare (khase e tlase, ho kenyeletsoa ho fokolang).
4.2 Taolo ea Mocheso oa ho Futhumatsa
Mocheso o futhumatsang oa li-billets: 1150 - 1250 °C; etsa bonnete ba hore mocheso o ts'oanang ho tloha bohareng ho ea holimo ho qoba ho chesa haholo kapa ho futhumatsa ka tlase ho mocheso.
Laola ka tieo nako ea ho futhumatsa le sepakapaka ho thibela ho tlosoa ha khase holim'a metsi (ho ama ho thatafala le matla a metsi holim'a metsi).
4.3 Taolo ea Phetoho le ho Thehoa
Laola ho tšoana ha botenya ba lebota ho netefatsa hore mamello ea OD le botenya ba lebota li fihlela litlhoko tse tloaelehileng.
Bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho phunya, sebelisa phokotso e nyane haholo pele ho polaka ho qoba liphoso tsa ka hare tse kang ho phunya kapa ho petsoha.
4.4 Kalafo ea Mocheso (E Bohlokoa!)
30KhGSA ke tšepe e timang khabone e mahareng le e hatselitsoeng - e tlameha ho feta ho tima + ho hatsetsoa ho fihlela litšobotsi tse hlokahalang. Kamora ho tima le ho hatsetsoa, e bontša matla a phahameng le ho tiea ho lekaneng. Tlhaloso e tloaelehileng ea kalafo ea mocheso: ho tima ho 880 °C, ho pholisa oli; ho hatsetsoa ho 540 °C, ho pholisa metsi kapa oli. Litšobotsi tsa mechine kamora kalafo ea mocheso li tlameha ho lekoa ka tieo ho latela maemo.
4.5 Tlhahlobo ea Boleng
Teko e sa senyeheng: Ho ya ka ditlhoko, phaephe e nngwe le e nngwe e tla hlahlojwa ka teko ya ultrasonic (UT) kapa eddy current (ET).
Teko ea thepa ea mechini: Lisampole li tla nkoa ka sehlopha se le seng bakeng sa liteko tsa ho tsitlella, ho thulana, ho batalatsa/ho kobeha.
Tlhahlobo ea litekanyo le pono: Phaephe ka 'ngoe e hlahlobiloe bakeng sa OD, botenya ba lebota, bolelele, boleng ba bokaholimo, bevel ea qetello, jj.
5. Litlhoko tsa Likopo le tsa ho Romela kantle ho naha
Liphaephe tse se nang mohele tsa thepa ena li sebelisoa haholo-holo lifofaneng, tlhahisong ea sesole, boenjiniere ba mechini (lits'ebetso tse matla haholo), hammoho le li-shaft tse boima, li-gear, li-compressor blades, jj.
Ha ho romelwa thepa kantle ho naha ho ya Russia, ho hlokahala ho latela Molao wa Botekgeniki wa Mokgatlo wa Meedi wa Yuropa wa TR CU 032/2013 (Tshireletso ya Disebediswa tsa Kgatello). Ho kgothaletswa ho netefatsa ditlhoko tsa setifikeiti sa EAC le moreki esale pele mme ho kenyelletswe tshehetso e nepahetseng ya botekgeniki khotheisheneng.
Haeba moreki a fana ka boleng ba tšepe le maemo a tloaelehileng feela ntle le ho totobatsa OD, botenya ba lebota, bolelele le bongata, kopa tlhahisoleseling ena pele o qotsa ho qoba likotsi tse latelang tsa ts'ebetso.
Ha o araba, bolela dintlha tsa bohlokwa tse kang ho se kgone ho kopanya dintho hantle le setifikeiti sa EAC ho bontsha botsebi.
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-01-2026
