1. Kungani u-2027 Ungunyaka Wokuqala Wokuthobela Imithetho
II-CBAMIsikhathi sokushintsha siphele ngomhlaka-31 Disemba 2025. Isikhathi esiqondile saqala ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2026, kodwa u-2026 uqondwa kangcono njengonyaka wokwakha idatha nokuqinisekiswa: isibopho sokuthenga asibi ngokushesha, kuyilapho ingcindezi yokuxazulula izinkinga zezimali igxila ngo-2027.
Izinsuku ezimbili zichaza u-2027 wabathumeli bamashubhu ensimbi:
1 uFebhuwari 2027: Izitifiketi ze-CBAM ziyaqala ukuthengiswa; Abangenisi be-EU baqala ukuthenga izitifiketi ezihambisana nokukhishwa kwezimpahla ezingenisiwe.
30 Septhemba 2027: isimemezelo sokuqala sonyaka kufanele sikhishwe, esihlanganisa ukungeniswa kwempahla ngo-2026 kanye nokukhishwa kwayo okufakiwe. Empeleni, ithani ngalinye le-7304 / 7306 tube elithunyelwe e-EU ngo-2026 kumele libe nokukhishwa kwayo okumenyezelwe kanye nezitifiketi ezikhishwe ngalolo suku.
Ngakho-ke u-2027 unyaka lapho i-CBAM ishintsha khona kusukela ekubikeni iye ekukhokheleni ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamapayipi ensimbi.
2. I-CN 7304 kanye ne-7306 Zimbozwe Ngokugcwele
Zombili 7304 (amashubhu angenamthungo, amapayipi kanye namaphrofayili angenalutho) kanye no-7306 (okunyeamashubhu ahlanganisiwe, amapayipi kanye namaphrofayili angenalutho) awela ngaphakathi kobubanzi bensimbi nensimbi ye-CBAM, futhi ukumbozwa kusezingeni eliphelele, kungagcini kumakhodi amancane akhethiwe.
Lokhu kusho ithubhu elingenamthungo (7304), ithubhu elihlanganisiwe (7306),ipayipi lomugqa, isivalo kanye nepayipi, ipayipi eliqondile kanye nepayipi elihlanganisiwe konke kusesilinganisweni noma nini lapho kuhlukaniswa ngaphansi kwe-7304 noma i-7306. Akukho khodi encane ekhipha umkhiqizo wepayipi othize esibophweni se-CBAM.
3. Indlela Izindleko Zekhabhoni Zango-2027 Ezibalwa Ngayo: Ukulungiswa Kwesabelo Samahhala Nokumaka Okuzenzakalelayo
Izindleko ze-CBAM ezithwalwa ngumngenisi zincike ezintweni ezine eziguquguqukayo: ukukhishwa okufakiwe × ivolumu yokungenisa × intengo yesitifiketi × isici sokulungiswa kokwabiwa kwamahhala.
3.1 Inani elimisiwe elingu-20%
Uma umthengisi engakwazi ukunikeza idatha yangempela yokukhishwa kwegesi eqinisekisiwe, umngenisi we-EU uphonswa kumanani azenzakalelayo eKhomishini. Lawa manani azenzakalelayo asevele elandela imithetho, futhi inani lokujeziswa libekwa phezulu phakathi kuka-2026–2028:
2026: okuzenzakalelayo × 1.10
2027: okuzenzakalelayo × 1.20
Kusukela ngo-2028 kuya phambili: okuzenzakalelayo × 1.30
Ezimpahleni zensimbi, okuhlanganisa i-7304 ne-7306, inani lonyaka ka-2027 lingu-20%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithubhu elithunyelwa ngaphandle kwedatha eqinisekisiwe liphathwa njengokukhipha u-20% ngaphezu kwesisekelo esizenzakalelayo, okwandisa ngqo isitifiketi somthumeli futhi kuqede ukuncintisana kwethubhu laseShayina ngokumelene nabaphakeli abanganikeza idatha yangempela.
3.2 Ukulungiswa kokwabiwa kwamahhala: isici se-CBAM sehla saya ku-95% ngo-2027
I-CBAM ayikhokhisi u-100% wokukhishwa kwegesi okufakiwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Inkokhelo ilungiswa ukuze ibonise isabelo samahhala esisajatshulelwa abakhiqizi be-EU, ngokusebenzisa isici se-CBAM:
2026: 97.5% (yi-2.5% kuphela yokukhishwa kwegesi okukhokhiswa ngempumelelo)
2027: 95% (isabelo esikhokhisiwe sikhuphukela ku-5%)
2034: 0% (ukumbozwa okugcwele okungu-100%)
Ngo-2027 isabelo esikhokhisiwe siphindwe kabili kusukela ezingeni lika-2026. Uma sihlanganiswe nokunyuka okuzenzakalelayo okungu-20% kanye nokunyakaza kwentengo yesitifiketi, izindleko zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo ngethani ngalinye leshubhu zikhuphuka kakhulu unyaka nonyaka.
3.3 Amanani azenzakalelayo abonisayo ka-2027 amakhodi angaphansi angu-7304 kanye no-7306
Amanani azenzakalelayo ayahlukahluka ngokwezwe lokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza. Izibalo ezilandelayo zango-2027 (kufaka phakathi inani lama-20%, ku-t CO₂e ngethani lomkhiqizo) zinikeza umqondo wesilinganiso sezindleko:
| Ikhodi ye-CN | Incazelo (emfushane) | Inani elizenzakalelayo lika-2027 (kufaka phakathi amamaki angu-20%) |
| 7304 59 | Ishubhu elingenamthungo, enye insimbi ye-alloy, ayidonswa/igoqwe ngokubandayo | 9.432 |
| 7304 90 00 | Ishubhu elingenamthungo, ingxenye engeyona eyindilinga | 9.852 |
| 7306 19 00 | Ipayipi lomugqa elihlanganisiwe, elingenasici | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 49 | Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinemicu, eliyindilinga, elingagayiwe nge-galvanised | 9.900 |
| 7306 30 72 | Ishubhu elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisiwe, i-OD ≤ 168.3 mm | 9.900 |
Kumakhodi amaningi amancane angu-7304 kanye no-7306, inani elizenzakalelayo lika-2027 lihlala ku-10 t CO₂e ngethani ngalinye leshubhu. Ngentengo yesitifiketi efanekisayo engaba ngu-€75/t CO₂e, izindleko zesitifiketi se-CBAM senani elizenzakalelayo zodwa zingasondela ema-euro angamakhulu amaningana ngethani, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isabelo esikhokhisiwe esingu-5% ngo-2027 nanoma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwentengo kuma-EUA.
Enye inkinga engokoqobo ukuthi umzila wenani elizenzakalelayo ungahlukanisa kabi abakhiqizi bekhabhoni ephansi. Lapho umzila wereferensi weKhomishini ungabonisi indlela yangempela yokukhiqiza (isibonelo, umkhiqizi we-electric-arc-furnace enikezwa i-BF-BOF default), umthumeli akajeziswa ngokukhishwa okuphezulu komoya kodwa ngokungapheleli kwethebula elizenzakalelayo. Kwabathumeli be-tube baseShayina abasebenzisa imizila yekhabhoni ephansi, idatha yangempela eqinisekisiwe iyindlela kuphela yokulungisa lokhu kuphazamiseka nokugwema ukukhokha ngokuzenzakalelayo okweqisa amandla abo ekhabhoni.
4. Lokho Abathumeli Be-Tube Okumele Bakulethe Ngo-2027
Isimemezeli se-CBAM esisemthethweni singumngenisi we-EU. Kodwa idatha yokukhishwa komoya okufakiwe ingavela kuphela ekufakweni kokukhiqiza. Ngaphandle kwedatha eqinisekisiwe yasefektri, umngenisi ngeke akwazi ukumemezela noma kumele abuyele emuva enanini elizenzakalelayo ngo-20% mark-up. Iphakheji encane yokuthobela imithetho yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2027 ifaka:
Uhlelo lokufaka oluqashwe ngokucophelela: oluchaza imingcele yesikhungo sokukhiqiza ithubhu, imithombo yokukhipha ukungcola kanye nezindlela zokuqoqa idatha, oluhlanganisa inqubo kusukela kokufakwayo (i-billet, i-strip, i-skelp) kuya kuthubhu eliqediwe. Uhlelo kumele lubuyekezwe lapho imigqa yokukhiqiza noma izinqubo zishintsha kakhulu.
Umbiko waminyaka yonke wokukhishwa kwegesi: ukuhlanganisa amarekhodi okusetshenziswa kwamandla nezinto ezibonakalayo nokubala ukukhishwa kwegesi okufakiwe ngethani ngalinye leshubhu, ngeyunithi yokusebenza kwekhodi ye-CN, ngamadokhumenti omthombo alandelekayo futhi aqinisekiswe.
Ukuqinisekiswa komuntu wesithathu ngumqinisekisi we-CBAM ogunyaziwe: amaspredishithi esikhathi sokuguquka awasanele. Umbiko wokukhishwa kwegesi kumele uqinisekiswe; ngaphandle kombiko wokuqinisekisa, umngenisi akakwazi ukusebenzisa amanani angempela futhi kusebenza uphawu oluzenzakalelayo lwama-20%.
Ukulethwa kwephakheji yedatha eqinisekisiwe kumngenisi we-EU, ofaka isimemezelo saminyaka yonke se-CBAM. Abathumeli bangaphandle bangahlola nokuthi noma iyiphi intengo yekhabhoni ekhokhelwe kahle eShayina ingafunwa njengesaphulelo, kodwa umkhawulo wobufakazi uphakeme futhi udinga amarekhodi okukhokha ikhabhoni aphelele, ahambisana ne-CBAM.
5. Imiphumela Eqondiwe Yamasu Kwabathumeli Bethubhu BaseShayina
Unyaka ka-2027 awuqali i-CBAM, kodwa unyaka lapho izindleko ziba sobala futhi zingagwemeki. Abathumeli ngaphandle abangazange bakhe uhlelo lwedatha yokukhishwa kwegesi ngesikhathi soguquko bazobhekana nomphumela ozenzakalelayo ongu-20% emjikelezweni wokuqala wokukhokha, kungaba ukuvuma inzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa ama-oda kubaphakeli abanedatha eqinisekisiwe.
Izinto eziza kuqala ezingokoqobo yilezi:
Qala ngokumaka amakhodi amancane angu-7304 kanye no-7306 anomthamo ophezulu kakhulu bese wakha izinto zokukhipha ugesi ezingeni lamakhodi amancane, kunokuphatha “ishubhu lensimbi” njengesigaba esisodwa;
Ukuqinisekiswa okuphelele kwedatha ka-2026 ukuze umngenisi we-EU agcine amanani angempela asebenzisekayo ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lwangomhlaka-30 Septhemba 2027;
Hlanganisa izindleko zesitifiketi se-CBAM kumamodeli entengo e-EU, uqhathanise umzila wenani langempela nomzila ozenzakalelayo, bese usebenzisa lokho kuqhathanisa ezingxoxweni namakhasimende e-EU;
Kumapayipi asebenzisa izinqubo ze-EAF noma ze-carbon ephansi, thumela idatha yangempela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze ulungise ukuhlukaniswa kabi komzila kuthebula elizenzakalelayo, ukuze ipayipi le-carbon ephansi lingajeziswa njengokungathi liyi-carbon eningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-20-2026
