2021, za mu ci gaba da zurfafa gyare-gyaren masana'antar bututun ƙarfe a cikin ƙasarmu, inganta canjin masana'antar kore mai ƙarancin carbon, da manyan canje-canje a manufofin masana'antu na ƙasar, aiwatar da ikon sarrafawa, fitarwa, soke duk ragin harajin fitar da ƙarfe, a ƙarƙashin tushen cimma ninki biyu na carbon, magance yanayin canjin buƙata a gida da waje, ƙoƙarin shawo kan matsalar farashin kayan asali, Narkewar kariyar muhalli da sauran abubuwa kamar farashin hauhawar farashi mai yawa, fahimtar "rage yawa da inganta inganci" ci gaba mai inganci, aikin masana'antar gabaɗaya ya tabbata, don biyan buƙatun ƙarfe na masana'antar da ke ƙasa da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin ƙasa ya ba da gudummawa mai kyau.

1 Samar da bututun ƙarfe da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi a China

A cewar bayanan samar da bututun walda da Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa da kuma Reshen bututun karfe suka buga bisa ga bayanan samar da kamfanonin membobi don kimanta bayanan samar da bututun karfe mara shinge, daga watan Janairu zuwa Disamba na 2021, samar da bututun karfe na kasa ya kai tan miliyan 853.62, raguwar kashi 3.66%; Yawan amfani da bututun karfe ya kai tan 78,811,600, raguwar kashi 4.33% a shekara. Daga cikinsu, samar da bututun walda ya kai tan miliyan 58.832, raguwar kashi 3.57% a shekara; Yawan amfani da bututun walda ya kai tan miliyan 55.2763, raguwar kashi 4.07% a shekara. An kiyasta samar da bututun karfe mara shinge ya kai tan miliyan 26.80.00, raguwar kashi 3.86% a shekara; Yawan amfani da bututun karfe ya kai tan miliyan 23.5353, tare da raguwar kashi 4.93% a shekara. Za a iya ganin cewa a shekarar 2021, bututun ƙarfe na ƙasar Sin, bututun ƙarfe mara shinge, samar da bututun walda da kuma yawan amfani da shi ya ragu duk shekara. An nuna fitarwa da kuma yawan amfani da bututun ƙarfe a ƙasar Sin a tsakanin 2020-2021 a cikin Jadawali na 1 da Hoto na 1.

Daga nazarin bayanan kididdiga, an samu ci gaba mai kyau a fannin samar da bututun ƙarfe na ƙasar Sin a rabin farko na shekarar 2021, amma ci gaban da ake samu ya yi ƙanƙanta, idan aka kwatanta da abin da farashin ma'adinan ƙarfe na ƙasa da ƙasa ya shafa a watan Mayu, farashin bututu da faranti ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda hakan ya sa farashin ƙarfe ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, amma wannan tasirin siye ya fi yawa ga masana'antar da ke ƙasa, wanda hakan ya sa buƙatar ta ragu. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin da masana'antar ƙarfe ke ciki na rage buƙatun samar da ƙarfe na ɗanyen mai, ya shafi wasu kamfanoni, don haka a shekarar 2021, samar da bututun ƙarfe na ƙasar Sin ya ragu sosai.

2. Farashin bututun ƙarfe a China

Tun daga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2020, saboda hauhawar farashin manyan kayan masarufi kamar ma'adinan ƙarfe, farashin billet da steep steel a China ya ƙaru sosai, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2-3, da kuma farashin bututun ƙarfe.

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An nuna yanayin farashin bututun ƙarfe mara shinge, bututun walda da bututun galvanized a China daga 2020 zuwa 2021 a cikin Hoto na 4. Daga cikinsu, farashin φ 219 mm × 10 mm na bututun ƙarfe mara shinge ya tashi da sauri daga Nuwamba 2020, farashin ya tashi daga yuan 4645 zuwa yuan 6638 a watan Mayu 2021 (shine kololuwar farashin tun 2008), ya tashi kusan yuan 2000, ya tashi da kashi 42.9%; Bayan Mayu 2021, farashin ya koma yuan 6,160 a watan Yuli, ya faɗi kusan yuan 500, sannan ya tashi zuwa yuan 6,636 a watan Oktoba (na biyu mafi girma), sannan ya faɗi zuwa yuan 5,931 a watan Disamba. Farashin ya kasance yana juyawa a babban matsayi tun farkon shekarar.

Shekarar 2021 ita ce mafi kyawun shekara ga masana'antar ƙarfe ta China tun daga shekarar 2008, tare da fa'idodin masana'antu sun inganta sosai. Duk da haka, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin samfuran masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe, bututun ƙarfe ba a inganta shi ba kamar farantin, sandar, waya da bayanin martaba. Dalilan sune kamar haka: na farko, kodayake farashin bututun ƙarfe ya tashi sosai, farashin bututun ƙarfe bai tashi zuwa babban matsayi ba saboda tasirin ƙarancin farashin mai da ƙarancin farashin bututun rijiyar mai. Yanayin farashin bututun ƙarfe mara shinge, takardar galvanized, takardar birgima mai zafi da rebar a China daga Afrilu 2020 zuwa Janairu 2022 an nuna shi a Hoto na 5. Ana iya ganin cewa farashin takardar galvanized a shekarar 2021 ya fi na bututun ƙarfe mara shinge 300-750 yuan, kuma farashin nau'ikan biyu a wasu shekarun suna da yawa da ƙasa, gabaɗaya yana canzawa zuwa kusan yuan 200. Na biyu, saboda hauhawar farashin kayan danye da na taimako, bambancin farashi tsakanin bututun ƙarfe da billet ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matakin 2020, kuma ribar kayayyaki ba ta inganta sosai ba. Musamman ma, kamfanonin samar da bututun mai, waɗanda ƙarancin farashin mai da ƙarancin farashin bututun mai suka shafa, gudanar da kasuwanci yana da wahala, yawancin kamfanoni suna gab da samun ƙananan riba ko asara, kamfanoni daban-daban har yanzu suna cikin asara.

A shekarar 2021, duk da cewa jihar ta sauya sau biyu wajen rage harajin fitar da kayayyaki daga kayayyakin ƙarfe, ta yadda ƙimar rangwamen haraji ta koma 0, amma yawan fitar da kayayyaki daga bututun ƙarfe bai ragu ba amma ya ƙaru. Manyan dalilan sune kamar haka: na farko, saboda tasirin COVID-19, wasu kamfanonin bututun ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje ba su ci gaba da samarwa gaba ɗaya ba, kuma kasuwa ta yi ƙarancin wadata na tsawon lokaci, kuma farashin bututun ƙarfe na ƙasashen duniya ya ƙaru sosai (farashin wasu kayayyakin da aka fitar sun fi na cikin gida); Na biyu, kamfanonin fitar da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje suna damuwa game da ƙasashen da za su biyo baya don ƙara haraji kan kayayyakin fitarwa, don haka ƙara, hanzarta ƙarfin fitarwa, yawan fitar da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje ya ƙaru sosai. A watan Disamba na 2021, fitar da bututun ƙarfe daga China ya kai kashi 160.44% na matsakaicin watanni 11 da suka gabata. Musamman ma, fitar da bututun ƙarfe marasa shinge a watan Disamba ya kai tan 531,000, kashi 203.92 cikin ɗari na matsakaicin fitar da kayayyaki daga tan 260,400 a cikin watanni 11 na farko. Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba har zuwa kwata na farko na 2022.

3.2 Babban kayan fitarwa

A cewar bayanan da Babban Hukumar Kwastam ta China ta fitar, fitar da bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na China a shekarar 2021 ya kai tan miliyan 3.3952, karuwar shekara-shekara ta 3.79%. Daga cikinsu, fitar da bututun mai mara shinge ya kai tan miliyan 1.2743, raguwa da kashi 9.60% a shekara; fitar da bututun mai mara shinge ya kai tan 906,200, karuwa da kashi 2.81% a shekara; fitar da bututun mai mara shinge ya kai tan 151,800, raguwar shekara-shekara ta 15.22%; Fitar da bututun bututun da aka walda ya kai tan 757,700, raguwa da kashi 9.16% a shekara; Fitar da bututun bututun da aka walda ya kai tan 1,325,400, karuwar kashi 4.41% a shekara-shekara. A shekarar 2021, saboda tasirin annobar COVID-19 a duniya da kuma rage harajin fitar da kayayyaki a cikin gida, yawan fitar da kayayyaki na manyan nau'ikan bututu guda uku na kasar Sin, bututun boiler mara shinge da bututun walda ya ragu sosai. Duba Tebur na 3 da Hoto na 7 don fitar da manyan nau'ikan bututun karfe a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020-2021.

3. Shigo da fitar da bututun ƙarfe a China

3.1 Yawan shigo da kaya da fitarwa da farashi

A cewar bayanan da Babban Hukumar Kwastam ta fitar, a shekarar 2021, shigo da bututun ƙarfe daga China ya kai tan 349,600, wanda ya ragu da kashi 7.21%; matsakaicin farashin shigo da shi daga China ya kai dala $3824 /t, wanda ya karu da kashi 12.71% a shekara. Daga cikinsu, shigo da bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na tan 130,500, ya ragu da kashi 13.80%; matsakaicin farashin shigo da shi daga China ya kai dala $5769 /t, wanda ya karu da kashi 13.32% a shekara. Shigo da bututun da aka nada da walda ya kai tan 219,100, ya ragu da kashi 2.80%; matsakaicin farashin shigo da shi daga China ya kai dala $2671 /t, wanda ya karu da kashi 18.31% a shekara. A shekarar 2021, China ta fitar da tan miliyan 7.17 na bututun ƙarfe, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.19% a shekara; matsakaicin farashin fitar da shi daga China ya kai dala $1542 /t, wanda ya karu da kashi 36.5% a shekara. Daga cikinsu, fitar da bututun ƙarfe mara shinge ya kai tan miliyan 3.3952, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.79%; matsakaicin farashin fitar da kaya ya kai dala $1,508/t, wanda ya karu da kashi 23.67% a shekara. Yawan fitar da kaya na bututun da aka haɗa ya kai tan miliyan 3.7748, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.55% a shekara; matsakaicin farashin fitar da kaya ya kai dala $1573/t, wanda ya karu da kashi 49.99% a shekara. A shekarar 2021, yawan shigo da bututun ƙarfe na China ya kai kashi 0.41% kacal na samar da bututun ƙarfe, farashin fitar da bututun da aka haɗa ya fi na bututun ƙarfe mara shinge a karon farko. Duba Tebur na 2 da Hoto na 6 don yawan shigo da kaya da fitarwa da kuma rabon bututun ƙarfe a China a 2020-2021.

3.3 Kasuwanni Masu Shigowa da Fitar da Kaya

A shekarar 2021, manyan kasashe 10 da China ke fitar da bututun ƙarfe marasa shinge sune Koriya ta Kudu, Indiya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Aljeriya, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkiyya, Vietnam, Ostiraliya. Manyan kamfanonin fitar da bututun ƙarfe guda 10 da aka haɗa su ne Philippines, Najeriya, Myanmar, Ostiraliya, Koriya ta Kudu, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore da Kanada. Kasashen da China ke fitar da bututun ƙarfe galibi suna cikin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da sauran yankuna, daga cikinsu akwai kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Gulf da sauran yankuna da ke samar da sama da kashi 40% na fitar da kayayyaki daga China. Yayin da a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, ke ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da ƙarfe, amma tun bayan rikicin kuɗi na duniya a shekarar 2008, yankin ya ci gaba da ƙaddamar da binciken maganin ciniki na bututun ƙarfe a ƙasarmu, fitar da kayayyaki zuwa yankin bututun ƙarfe ya kai ƙasa da kashi 6%, mafi girman fitar da kayayyaki daga China nau'ikan guda biyu (bututun rijiyar mai, bututun layi) kusan ya shiga waɗannan ƙasashe da yankuna. An nuna yawan fitar da bututun ƙarfe na ƙasar Sin daga ƙasashen waje ko yankuna a tsakanin 2020-2021 a cikin Hoto na 8.