Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ukana kai e like me nā tona o nā waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ʻo ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā tona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hahai maʻamau i ke kumu o ka "kaumaha a i ʻole koho volume". ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī, ʻo nā uku o ka ukana kai e pili ana i kēia mau ala ʻelua:
1. Hoʻouka ma ke Kauona Ton
ʻO ke kaumaha maoli o nā waiwai ka maʻamau bila, maʻamau i ** Metric Ton (MT) **.
He kūpono ia no nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kila, nā mīkini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), no ka mea he kaumaha ia mau waiwai akā liʻiliʻi ka nui.
2. Ka uku ma muli o ke Ana Ton
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻamau bila i ka nui o nā waiwai, maʻamau i loko o ** cubic mika (CBM) **.
Ka helu helu: Ton = lōʻihi (m) × laula (m) × kiʻekiʻe (m) × huina helu o nā waiwai.
He mea kūpono ia no nā mea momona māmā me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e like me ka pulupulu, nā lako, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ia mau waiwai akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha.
3. E koho i ke kumukānāwai uku nui
ʻO ka nui o nā tona i hoʻoili ʻia a me nā tona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia o ka ukana kai.
ʻo kahi laʻana:
Inā he 55 tons ke kaumaha o ka hui paipu kila a he 50 cubic mika ka nui, he 55 tons ka uku.
Inā he 10 tons ke kaumaha o ka hoʻouna ʻana a he 15 cubic mika ka nui, he 15 tons kino ka uku.
4. Nā mea hoʻoikaika ʻē aʻe
Uku o ke awa o ka huaka'i: Hiki ke pili i na uku hookiekie (e la'a, na uku hookui awa, uku wahie, etc.).
Ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana: He ʻokoʻa nā uku o ka pahu piha (FCL) a me LCL (LCL).
Ke ʻano o ka ukana: ʻO ka ukana kūikawā (e laʻa me nā ukana pōʻino, ka ukana ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha nui) hiki ke kau ʻia i nā uku hou.
E noi i kēia kauoha:
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paipu kila he ʻano nui, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ke tona kaumaha.
Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka nui o ka paipu kila, pono e helu i ka ton i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ton paona, a lawe i ka nui e like me ka ton charging.
No laila, ʻokoʻa paha ka ukana moana i hoʻoholo ʻia mai ke kaumaha maoli o nā waiwai.