ʻO ka paipu kila nona ka lakio o ke anawaena o waho i ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma lalo o 20 ua kapa ʻia he paipu kila paia mānoanoa.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā paipu ʻeli geological petroleum, nā paipu haki no ka ʻoihana petrochemical, nā paipu paila, nā paipu hali a me nā paipu kūkulu kiʻekiʻe no nā kaʻa, nā tractors, a me ka mokulele.

Kaʻina hana hana o ka paipu kila humuhumu

1. ʻŌwili wela (paipu kila wili ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia): ʻōwili paipu poepoe → hoʻomehana → ʻoki ʻana → ʻōwili keʻa ʻekolu ʻōwili, ʻōwili mau a i ʻole extrusion → wehe ʻana i ka paipu → ka nui (a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana) → hoʻoluʻu → Hoʻopololei → hoʻāʻo hydraulic (a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema) → māka → hale kūʻai.

ʻO ka mea maka no ka ʻōwili ʻana i nā paipu wili ʻole he billet paipu poepoe, ʻoki ʻia nā billet paipu poepoe e kahi mīkini ʻoki i loko o kahi billet me ka lōʻihi o kahi 1 mika a hoʻouna ʻia i ka umu no ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma o kahi kāʻei conveyor. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka billet i loko o ka umu a hoʻomehana ʻia i ka mahana o kahi o 1200 degere Celsius. ʻO ka wahie he hydrogen a acetylene paha. ʻO ka kaohi mahana i loko o ka umu he mea nui ia. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka paipu poepoe mai loko mai o ka umu, pono e hou ʻia ma o kahi mīkini punching kaomi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka mīkini piercing maʻamau ka mīkini piercing roller tapered. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano mīkini piercing ka pono hana kiʻekiʻe, maikaʻi ka huahana, hoʻonui nui ʻia ke anawaena perforation, a hiki ke komo i nā ʻano kila like ʻole. Ma hope o ke kui ʻana, ua ʻōwili mau ʻia ka billet paipu poepoe, ʻōwili mau ʻia a i ʻole extruded e ʻekolu mau ʻōwili. Ma hope o ke kaomi ʻana, e wehe i ka paipu a hoʻoponopono. Hoʻohuli ka mīkini ana i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma o kahi ʻāpana wili conical e wili i nā lua i loko o ka blank kila e hana i kahi paipu kila. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu kila e ka lōʻihi o ke anawaena o waho o ka ʻāpana wili o ka mīkini ana. Ma hope o ka ana ʻia ʻana o ka paipu kila, komo ia i loko o ka hale kiaʻi hoʻoluʻu a hoʻomaʻalili ʻia e ka pīpī ʻana i ka wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ʻana o ka paipu kila, e hoʻopololei ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻopololei ʻana, hoʻouna ʻia ka paipu kila i ka mea ʻike kīnā metala (a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic) e ke kāʻei conveyor no ka ʻike ʻana i nā kīnā o loko. Inā he mau māwae, nā pehu, a pēlā aku i loko o ka paipu kila, e ʻike ʻia. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā paipu kila, pono ke koho lima paʻa. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka paipu kila, e pena i ka helu serial, nā kikoʻī, ka helu pūʻulu hana, a pēlā aku me ka pena. Hāpai ʻia i loko o ka hale kūʻai e kahi crane.

2. Paipu kila humuhumu i huki ʻia (ʻōwili ʻia) anuanu: paipu poepoe billet → hoʻomehana → ʻoki → poʻomanaʻo → annealing → pickling → aila (plating keleawe) → kaha kiʻi anu multi-pass (ʻōwili anu) → paipu billet → mālama wela → hoʻopololei → hoʻāʻo hoʻopili wai (ʻike kīnā) → māka → hale kūʻai.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka paipu humuhumu-paipu ʻōwili wela, paipu ʻōwili anu, paipu i huki anu ʻia, paipu extruded, paipu jacking

1. ʻO ka paipu kila humuhumu no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana (GB/T8162-1999) he paipu kila humuhumu no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana maʻamau a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka mīkini.

2. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka lawe ʻana i ke wai (GB/T8163-1999) he mau paipu kila humuhumu maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, ka ʻaila, ke kinoea a me nā wai ʻē aʻe.

3. Hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila haʻahaʻa a me waena (GB3087-1999) no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu mahu wela loa, nā paipu wai e paila ana no nā paila haʻahaʻa a me waena o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā paipu mahu wela loa no nā paila locomotive, nā paipu ahi nui, nā paipu ahi liʻiliʻi a me nā piliki hoaka. ʻO ke kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ʻōwili wela ʻia a huki anu ʻia (ʻōwili ʻia) nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paipu.

4. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe (GB5310-1995) he kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, kila huila a me ke kila kila kūpaʻa wela kila kila no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka ʻili o nā paila paipu wai me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a ma luna.

5. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu kiʻekiʻe-kaomi no nā lako mea hoʻomomona (GB6479-2000) he mau paipu kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me nā paipu kila humuhumu kila kila me ka mahana hana o -40 ~ 400 ℃ a me ke kaomi hana o 10 ~ 30Ma.

6. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole no ka haki ʻaila (GB9948-88) he mau paipu kila humuhumu ʻole i kūpono no nā paipu umu, nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā paipu i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila.

7. ʻO nā paipu kila no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka honua (YB235-70) he mau paipu kila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kumu e nā keʻena honua. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i mau paipu ʻeli, nā kola ʻeli, nā paipu kumu, nā paipu hoʻopaʻa a me nā paipu sedimentation e like me kā lākou mau kumu.

8. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kumu daimana (GB3423-82) he mau paipu kila humuhumu no nā paipu wili, nā koʻokoʻo kumu, a me nā pahu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kumu daimana.

9. ʻO ka paipu ʻeli ʻaila (YB528-65) he paipu kila humuhumu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomānoanoa ʻana i loko a i waho paha ma nā wēlau ʻelua o ka ʻeli ʻaila. Ua māhele ʻia nā paipu kila i ʻelua ʻano: uea a me ka ʻole o ka uea. Hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu uea e nā hui, a hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu ʻaʻole o ka uea me nā hui mea hana ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻūpā.

10. ʻO nā paipu kila kila humuhumu kalapona no nā moku (GB5213-85) he mau paipu kila humuhumu kalapona kila i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana paipu kaomi Papa I, nā ʻōnaehana paipu kaomi Papa II, nā paila a me nā superheaters. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana hana o ka paia paipu kila humuhumu kalapona ma mua o 450 ℃, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka paia paipu kila humuhumu kila alloy ma mua o 450 ℃.

11. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā ʻūpā axle kaʻa (GB3088-82) he kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me nā paipu kila humuhumu wela i ʻōwili ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻūpā axle kaʻa a me nā paipu axle axle drive.

12. ʻO nā paipu ʻaila kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻenekini diesel (GB3093-86) he mau paipu kila humuhumu anu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻōnaehana inikini ʻenekini diesel.

13. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu kikoʻī me ke anawaena kūloko no nā paukū hydraulic a me pneumatic (GB8713-88) he mau paipu kila humuhumu kikoʻī i huki anu ʻia a i ʻōwili anu ʻia me nā anawaena kūloko kikoʻī no ka hana ʻana i nā paukū hydraulic a me pneumatic.

14. ʻO ka paipu kila humuhumu anu a i ʻole ka ʻōwili anu (GB3639-83) he paipu kila humuhumu anu a i ʻole ka ʻōwili anu me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe o ka dimensional a me ka hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi no ka hoʻolālā mechanical a me nā lako hydraulic. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu kila humuhumu pololei e hana i nā hale mechanical a i ʻole nā ​​​​lako hydraulic hiki ke mālama nui i nā hola hana mīkini, hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea, a i ka manawa like e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.

15. ʻO ke paipu kila kila humuhumu ʻole (GB/T14975-1994) he kila kila ʻōwili wela i hana ʻia me nā paipu kūpaʻa i ka pala a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka kemika, ka ʻaila, ka lole, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai, ka mīkini a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe (Extruded, hoʻonui ʻia) a me nā paipu kila humuhumu anu (ʻōwili ʻia).

16. ʻO nā paipu kila wili ʻole kila kila no ka halihali wai (GB/T14976-1994) he mau paipu kila wili ʻole i ʻōwili wela ʻia (extruded, hoʻonui ʻia) a me nā paipu kila wili ʻole i huki anu ʻia (ʻōwili ʻia) i hana ʻia me ke kila kila no ka halihali wai.

17. ʻO ka paipu kila humuhumu kūikawā kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā paipu kila humuhumu me nā ʻano ʻāpana kea ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā paipu poepoe. Wahi a ke ʻano a me ka nui like ʻole o ka ʻāpana paipu kila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka paipu kila humuhumu kūikawā like ʻole (code D), ka paipu kila humuhumu kūikawā like ʻole (code BD), a me ke anawaena loli o ke kila kila humuhumu kūikawā (code BJ). Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu kūikawā i nā ʻāpana kūkulu like ʻole, nā mea hana a me nā ʻāpana mīkini. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā paipu poepoe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa o ka inertia a me ka modulus ʻāpana o nā paipu kūikawā, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūlou a me ka torsion, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ke kaumaha kūkulu a mālama i ke kila.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu me 10, 20, 30, 35, 45 a me nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe e like me 16Mn, 5MnV a me nā kila kūkulu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB a me nā kila hui ʻē aʻe ma o ka ʻōwili wela a i ʻole ka ʻōwili anu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu humuhumu i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa e like me 10 a me 20 no nā paipu halihali wai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu humuhumu i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona waena e like me 45 a me 40Cr e hana i nā ʻāpana mīkini, e like me nā ʻāpana i hoʻoluhi ʻia o nā kaʻa a me nā tractors.　Ma keʻano laulā, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka ikaika a me nā hoʻāʻo pālahalaha. Hāʻawi ʻia nā paipu kila ʻōwili wela i ke ʻano ʻōwili wela a i ʻole ke ʻano mālama wela; hāʻawi ʻia nā paipu kila ʻōwili anu i ke ʻano wela. Nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila kaomi haʻahaʻa a me waena: hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā paila kaomi haʻahaʻa a me waena, nā paipu mahu wela loa, nā paipu wai e paila ana, nā paipu paia wai a me nā paipu mahu wela loa no nā paila locomotive, nā paipu uahi nui, nā paipu uahi liʻiliʻi a me nā paipu piliki arched.

　　E hoʻohana i ke kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ʻōwili wela ʻia a i ʻole i ʻōwili anu ʻia (dial) seamless. Hana nui ʻia ia me ke kila No. 10 a me No. 20. Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka haku mele kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical, pono e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo hydraulic, e like me ka crimping, flaring, a me ka flattening. Hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana ʻōwili wela i kahi mokuʻāina ʻōwili wela, a hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana ʻōwili anu i kahi mokuʻāina mālama wela.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka 18.GB18248-2000 (paipu kila humuhumu no nā pahu kinoea) e hana i nā pahu kinoea a me nā pahu hydraulic like ʻole. ʻO kāna mau mea hana e like me 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, a pēlā aku.

E ʻike i nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni a haʻahaʻa

1. He maʻalahi ke pelu i nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni.

2. He pinepine nā lua ma ka ʻili o nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni.

3. He maʻalahi nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni i nā ʻeha.

4. He maʻalahi ka haki ʻana o ka ʻili o nā mea hoʻopunipuni a haʻahaʻa.

5. He maʻalahi ke kahakaha ʻia nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni.

6. ʻAʻohe ʻōlinolino metala o nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni a he ʻulaʻula māmā a like paha me ka hao puaʻa.

7. He lahilahi a haʻahaʻa nā iwi ʻaoʻao kea o nā paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni, a pinepine lākou e ʻike ʻia me ka māʻona ʻole.

8. He ʻano oval ka ʻāpana kea o ka paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni.

10. He nui nā haumia o ka mea o ka paipu kila mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni a he liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ke kila.

11. ʻOkoʻa nui ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni.

12. Ua kūlike nā hōʻailona kālepa a me ka paʻi ʻana o nā paipu kiʻekiʻe.

13. No nā kaula nui ʻekolu me ke anawaena o nā paipu kila ma mua o 16, ʻoi aku ka mamao ma waena o nā māka ʻelua ma mua o IM.

14. He pinepine nā kaola lōʻihi o ke rebar kila maikaʻi ʻole i nā nalu.

15. ʻAʻole hoʻokele nā ​​mea hana paipu kila paia mānoanoa hoʻopunipuni, no laila ua wehe ʻia ka ʻōpala. He ʻōniʻoniʻo ka ʻaoʻao.