Paipu kila kila hui ʻoleASTM A335 P91, paipu kila humuhumu ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā paipu paila, nā paipu hoʻololi wela a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā paipu kila no nā superheaters wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā reheaters i nā paila subcritical a me supercritical me nā mahana paia ≤625°C, a me nā poʻomanaʻo wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā paipu mahu me nā mahana ≤600℃ hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻololi wela mana nukelea a me nā paipu umu ʻāpana haki petroleum.
ʻO ASTM A335 P91 kahi kila metala wela kiʻekiʻe he kila chromium-molybdenum haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā paipu a me nā lako ma lalo o nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka petrochemical, ka mana uila, nā mea kanu mana nukelea a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea nui o kēia mea he chromium, molybdenum, keleawe, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He kiʻekiʻe iki ka nui o ka chromium a me ka molybdenum, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation o ka mea.
He maikaʻi loa nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea ASTM A335 P91 a hiki ke mālama i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi ma lalo o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. He kūpaʻa loa hoʻi ka mea i ka oxidation, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o nā paipu a me nā lako. Eia kekahi, he hana kuʻi maikaʻi hoʻi ka mea, e maʻalahi ai ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai maikaʻi loa o ka mea ASTM A335 P91, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma kekahi mau wahi mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, ma ka ʻoihana petrochemical, hiki i nā paipu a me nā lako i hana ʻia me ASTM A335 P91 ke kū i ka ʻino a me ka palaho kemika ma lalo o nā mahana a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana palekana o nā lako. Ma nā kahua o ka mana uila a me nā mea kanu mana nukelea, hiki i nā paipu a me nā lako i hana ʻia me ASTM A335 P91 ke kū i ka palaho a me ka palaho o ka mahu a me ka mahu wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ke mahana a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana maʻamau o nā lako.