Paipu kila humuhumu no ke kūkulu ʻana (GB/T8162-2008) hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonohonoho laulā a me ka hoʻonohonoho mechanical o ka paipu kila humuhumu.

Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paipu, nā moku, nā lako, nā mea hoʻopili a me nā ʻano hana mechanical

Hana ʻana: hale hoʻokipa, paepae kai, kahua mokulele, uapo, puka palekana, puka hale kaʻa, nā puka kila kila i hoʻoikaika ʻia a me nā puka makani, paia ʻāpana o loko, ke alahaka uwea a me nā kiaʻi palekana alaloa, nā pale, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā hale noho, nā paipu hoʻonaninani

Nā ʻāpana kaʻa: hana kaʻa a me ke kaʻa, nā mea hana halihali

Mahiʻai: Nā lako mahiʻai

ʻOihana: Mīkini, Kākoʻo Solar, kahua aila ma waho, lako hana mining, lako mīkini a me ka uila, ʻenekinia, mining, kaumaha a me nā kumuwaiwai, ʻenekinia hana, hana mea, nā ʻāpana mīkini

Ka halihali: nā pale no ka poʻe hele wāwae, nā pale kiaʻi, nā hale huinaha, nā hōʻailona, ​​nā lako alanui, nā pā

Ka waihona hoʻoili: nā papa kūʻai nui, nā lako hale, nā lako kula

Papa nui o ka paipu kila

Q345, 15CrMo, 12Cr1MoV, A53A, A53B, SA53A, SA53B

ʻO ka nui o ka paipu kila humuhumu a me ka ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia

Paipu kila kalapona (GB/8162-2008)

ʻO kēia ʻano paipu kila hoʻolālā e hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia e ka mea hoʻololi a i ʻole ke kapuahi hāmama, ʻo kāna mea nui ka hao hoʻoheheʻe a me ke kila ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus i ke kila ma mua o ke ʻano o ke kila kila hoʻolālā kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka sulfur ≤0.050%, phosphorus ≤0.045%. ʻO ka nui o nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe, e like me ka chromium, nickel a me ke keleawe, i lawe ʻia i loko o ke kila e nā mea maka, ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 0.30%. Wahi a nā koi haku mele a me ka hana, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano paipu kila hoʻolālā e ke kila kila Q195, Q215A, B, Q235A, B, C, D, Q255A, B, Q275 a pēlā aku.

Nānā: ʻO "Q" ka huapalapala phonetic Kina o ka hua "qu", ukali ʻia e ka waiwai hua liʻiliʻi loa (σ S) o ka papa, ukali ʻia e ka hōʻailona e like me ka nui o nā mea haumia (sulfur, phosphorus) mai ke kiʻekiʻe a i ka haʻahaʻa me nā loli i nā mea kalapona a me nā manganese, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehā mau papa A, B, C, D.

ʻO kēia ʻano paipu kila kūkulu ka mea nui loa, ākea loa ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻōwili ʻia i loko o ka pā, profile (puni, huinahā, pālahalaha, hana, groove, Angle, a pēlā aku) a me ka profile a me ka hana ʻana i ka paipu kila kuʻihao. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hale hana, alahaka, moku a me nā hale kūkulu ʻē aʻe a me nā paipu halihali wai maʻamau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano kila pololei me ka ʻole o ka mālama wela.

Paipu kila kūkulu ikaika kiʻekiʻe me ka hao haʻahaʻa (GB/T8162-2008)

Ma waho aʻe o kahi nui o ka silicon a i ʻole manganese, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā paipu kila i kūpono no nā kumuwaiwai o Kina. E like me ka vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), alumini (Al), molybdenum (Mo), nitrogen (N), a me nā mea trace honua laha ʻole (RE). Wahi a ke ʻano kemika a me nā koi hana, ua hōʻike ʻia kona papa e Q295A, B, Q345A, B, C, D, E, Q390A, B, C, D, E, Q420A, B, C, D, E, Q460C, D, E a me nā papa kila ʻē aʻe, a ʻo kona manaʻo like ia me ka paipu kila kūkulu kalapona.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kila papa A a me B, pono i ke kila papa C, PAP D a me Papa E ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi o nā mea trace palaoa i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me V, Nb, Ti a me Al. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ke kila, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ke kila papa A, B i kekahi o lākou. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o nā mea i koe o Cr, Ni a me Cu ma lalo o 0.30%. ʻO Q345A, B, C, D, E nā papa koho o kēia ʻano kila, a ʻo ke kila papa A, B i kapa pinepine ʻia he 16Mn; Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi mea trace i ka paipu kila papa C a ma luna, a pono e hoʻohui ʻia hoʻokahi waiwai hopena haʻahaʻa i kona mau waiwai mechanical.

ʻO ka lakio o kēia ʻano paipu kila kūkulu i ke kila kūkulu kalapona. Loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka hana piha maikaʻi, ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi, ka laulā o ka noi a me ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻohālikelike. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā alahaka, nā moku, nā paila, nā kaʻa a me nā hale kūkulu koʻikoʻi.