Ua ntej, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tsos yog thawj kauj ruam. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov kav hlau tsis muaj qhov tsis sib xws yuav tsum tsis muaj npuas, khawb, xim tsis zoo, tawg thiab lwm yam tsis zoo. Cov kev tsis zoo no tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau nws qhov zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem thaum siv cov khoom thiab txawm tias ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tsos, cov khoom tsis zoo tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas thawj zaug.

Tom ntej no yog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov loj. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov kav hlau tsis muaj qhov sib txuas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li txoj kab uas hla, phab ntsa tuab, thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov kav hlau yuav tsum tau ntsuas thiab tswj hwm nruj me ntsis. Tsuas yog thaum cov yam ntxwv no ua tau raws li cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua thiaj li lav tau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov kav hlau hauv kev siv.

Kev kuaj cov khoom siv kuj yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau seamless feem ntau muaj ntau yam hlau, xws li carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, thiab lwm yam. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim nyog.

Cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kuj yog cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb. Cov kev sim no feem ntau suav nrog kev sim tensile, kev sim kev cuam tshuam, kev sim hardness, kev sim nthuav dav, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev sim no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov khoom ua tiav ntawm cov kav hlau. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuaj pom no, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsim nyog rau ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo.

Thaum kawg, kev sim tsis puas tsuaj kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim zoo rau cov kav hlau tsis muaj qhov. Cov txheej txheem sim tsis puas tsuaj xws li kev sim radiographic, kev sim ultrasonic, thiab kev sim cov khoom sib nqus tuaj yeem pom cov qhov tsis zoo xws li cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov khoom sib xyaw sab hauv thiab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kav hlau. Cov qhov tsis zoo no nyuaj rau pom thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj, tab sis lawv yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav hlau. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev sim tsis puas tsuaj, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yeeb nkab hlau tsis muaj qhov tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau ntxiv.
Hauv ntej, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv yeeb nkab hlau tsis sib xws zoo raws li cov qauv, kev sim ua tiav ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov qauv xeem no tsis yog tsuas yog suav nrog cov yam ntxwv yooj yim xws li qhov tsos, qhov loj me, thiab cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj suav nrog ntau yam xws li cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab kev sim tsis puas tsuaj. Los ntawm cov kev sim ua tiav no, qib zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yeeb nkab hlau tsis sib xws tuaj yeem soj ntsuam kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov thaum siv.