Cov pa roj carbon (C)Cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov hlau nce ntxiv, qhov taw qhia tawm, lub zog tensile thiab hardness nce ntxiv, tab sis cov khoom yas thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam txo qis. Thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon tshaj 0.23%, qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam ntawm cov hlau poob qis, yog li ntawd yog tias nws siv rau kev vuam Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.20%. Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab kuj tseem yuav txo qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov hlau carbon siab hauv qhov chaw qhib yog yooj yim xeb; ntxiv rau, carbon tuaj yeem ua rau kom txias brittleness thiab laus rhiab heev ntawm cov hlau.
Silicon (Si): Silicon ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem steelmaking ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis thiab deoxidizer, yog li cov hlau tua muaj 0.15-0.30% silicon. Silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov elastic limit, yield point thiab tensile zog ntawm cov hlau, yog li nws yog dav siv ua elastic hlau. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov silicon yuav txo qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam ntawm cov hlau.
Manganese (Mn)Hauv cov txheej txheem steelmaking, manganese yog ib qho deoxidizer thiab desulfurizer zoo. Feem ntau, hlau muaj 0.30-0.50% manganese. Manganese tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm hlau, ua rau lub zog ntawm hlau tawv dua, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm hlau, thiab txo qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam ntawm hlau.
Phosphorus (P)Feem ntau, phosphorus yog ib qho khoom tsis zoo hauv cov hlau, uas ua rau cov hlau tawg thaum txias, ua rau kev vuam tsis zoo, txo qhov plasticity, thiab ua rau kev khoov txias tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov hlau feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.045%, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov hlau zoo qis dua.
Sulfur (S)Sulfur kuj yog ib qho khoom tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj. Ua rau hlau kub brittle, txo cov hlau ductility thiab toughness, thiab ua rau tawg thaum lub sijhawm forging thiab dov. Sulfur kuj ua rau kev ua haujlwm vuam tsis zoo, txo qhov corrosion tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus sulfur feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.045%, thiab qhov xav tau rau cov hlau zoo qis dua. Ntxiv 0.08-0.20% sulfur rau hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho kev siv tshuab, thiab nws feem ntau hu ua hlau txiav dawb.
Vanadium (V): Ntxiv vanadium rau hauv hlau tuaj yeem ua kom cov qauv zoo dua thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab kev tawv.
Niobium (Nb): Niobium tuaj yeem ua kom cov noob zoo thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Tooj liab (Cu)Tooj liab tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab kev tawv. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yooj yim kub brittleness thaum ua haujlwm kub, thiab cov ntsiab lus tooj liab hauv cov hlau seem feem ntau siab dua.
Txhuas (Al): Aluminium yog ib qho deoxidizer uas siv ntau hauv cov hlau. Muab me ntsis txhuas ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau kom ua kom cov nplej zoo thiab txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov hlau.