He maha ā mātou kōrero mō te paipa wera-whakawhanui e pā ana ki te paipa rino he iti te matotoru engari he kaha te whakaheke. E ai ki te China National Standards Association, ko te paipa rino wera-whakawhanui me nui ake te diameter o te paipa rino kua whānuitia, kua whakapōturitia hoki i muri i te whakamahana whānui o te paipa rino kau. Ko te hangarau whakawhānui wera ko te whakawhānui i te diameter o te paipa mā te whakarerekētanga radial, arā, kāore i te paerewa, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā tauira motuhake o ngā paipa kore-paerewa mā te whakamahi i ngā paipa paerewa, ā, he iti te utu, he teitei hoki te whai huatanga o te whakaputa. He tikanga tukatuka noa tēnei mō ngā paipa kore-paerewa. Nā te whanaketanga teitei o ngā kohua tipu hiko me te whanaketanga nui o ngā tipu matū hinu, kei te piki haere hoki te hiahia mō ngā paipa kore-paerewa nui, ā, he uaua ki ngā waeine hurihuri paipa te whakaputa i te ngongo kore-paerewa he nui ake te diameter i te 508mm, te ōwehenga o te diameter o waho ki te matotoru o te pakitara (D/S)>25, kua āta whanake te hangarau whakawhānui wera, inā koa ko te hangarau whakawhānui wera auau reo-iti te utu.
Ko te whakawhanui paipa pana e rua-taahiraa e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa maitai whakawhanui wera e whakakotahi ana i te hangarau whakawhanui diameter mate kōne, te hangarau whakamahana aukume mamati auau waenga, me te hangarau waipēhi i roto i te mīhini kotahi. Nā te tukanga whaitake, te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao, te iti o te haumi hanga, me te kounga pai o te hua, te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi mata me ngā whakatakotoranga hua, te ngāwari me te iti o te urutau puranga whakaputa whakauru kua whakakapi i te hangarau whakawhanui diameter momo-tō tuku iho o te umanga paipa maitai.
Me mōhio ko ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā paipa rino wera-whanui he kino ake i ngā paipa rino hurihuri-wera.
Ko te tukanga whānui o te whakawhanui wera o te paipa ko te whakapiri i te paipa ki runga i te tīwiri mata, ka whakanoho i tētahi paepae tihi āhua kōne me te diameter nui atu i te diameter o te paipa ki roto i tētahi atu pito o te paipa, ka hono atu, ka whakapiri i tētahi atu tīwiri ki roto i te paipa. Ko te hononga i waenga i te paipa me te paepae tihi kei raro i te koiri whakamahana auau waenga, kia kore ai e tere rawa te whakamahana, kia pakaru rawa, me tuku tuatahi te wai ki roto i te paipa, ka tīmata te whakamahana koiri, ā, i muri i te taenga ki te pāmahana kua tohua, ka panaia te paipa e te tīwiri e hono ana i te paipa, kia neke ai te paipa ki te paepae tihi, kia toro atu ai. Ka whakanuia e te paepae tihi te diameter o te paipa. I muri i te putanga katoa o te paipa, kāore te paipa e tika nā te tukanga whakawhanui wera, nō reira me whakatikatika.
Koinei ngā kaupapa matua o te hangarau whakawhānui wera.
Koinei te tauira e whai ake nei mō te paipa whakawhanui wera
Taumaha whānui:
maitai waro: (te whānui-matotoru)× matotoru× 0.02466 = taumahat o te mita kotahi (kg)
koranu: (diameter-matotoru)× matotoru× 0.02483 = taumahao te mita kotahi (kg)
te maha o ngā mita i muri i te whakawhanuitanga wera：
Diameter o te ngongo taketake÷ diameter whānui wera× 1.04× roa *
ngā mita ngongo taketake：
roa kua whakawhanuitia× (diameter÷ te diameter o te ngongo taketake÷ 1.04)
tere:
100000÷ (te whānui-matotoru taketake× matotoru)
matotoru:
matotoru whānui (1 wā) ) = matotoru ngongo taketake× 0.92
Matotoru whānui (2 ngā wā) = Matotoru ngongo taketake * 0.84
Diameter:
Diameter whānui = rahi o te pokepokea ai + matotoru whānui× 2
Rahi pokepokea ai: diameter whānui—2 * Te matotoru o ngā pakitara kua whakawhānuihia
Te manawanui o te diameter：
Diameter＜426mm, manawanui±2.5
Diameter426-630mm, manawanui±3
Diameter＞630mm, te manawanui±5
Te āhua porowhita:
Diameter＜426mm, manawanui±2
Diameter＞426mm, manawanui±3
Matotoru:
matotoru≤20mm, manawanui﹢2 ，—1.5
matotoru≤40mm﹢3 ，—2
Paipa mō te hanga hononga paipa
﹢5 ，—0
I roto, i waho hoki o te rakuraku:
Te hohonu o te rakuraku: 0.2mm, te roa: 2cm, e kiia ana he rakuraku. Kāore e whakaaetia.
Te tika: ≤6 mita, ko te piko he 5mm，≤12 mita, ko te piko he 8mm
Hei tauira:
Ngongo taketake 610*19 wera whānui 660*16
Te roa o te paipa taketake: 12.84 mita
Matotoru whānui: 19*0.92=17.48(1 wā)
19*0.84=15.96（2 ngā wā）
Te roa o te paipa kua whakawhanuitia: 610÷660*1.04*12.84=12.341962
Diameter whānui: 625+17.48*2+1=660.96(1 wā)
625+15.96*2+1=657.92(2 ngā wā)
Rahi o te Kōwae: 660-2*16=628
