Te hanganga matū

Gr.3: Te nui o te waro ≤0.19%, te nui o te silicon 0.18%-0.37%, te nui o te manganese 0.31%-0.64%, te nui o te phosphorus me te whanariki ≤0.025%, ā, kei roto hoki ko te 3.18%-3.82% te nickel.

Gr.6: Te ihirangi waro ≤0.30%, te ihirangi silicon ≥0.10%, te ihirangi manganese 0.29%-1.06%, te ihirangi phosphorus me te whanariki Katoa ≤0.025%.

Ngā āhuatanga miihini

Gr.3: kaha kume ≥450MPa, kaha hua ≥240MPa, roa ≥30% roa, ≥20% whakawhiti, pāmahana whakamātautau pānga iti ko -150°F (-100°C).

Gr.6: kaha kume ≥415MPa, kaha hua ≥240MPa, toronga ≥30% roa, ≥16.5% whakawhiti, pāmahana whakamātautau pānga iti ko -50°F (-45°C).

Te tukanga whakaputa

Te whakarewa: Whakamahia te oumu hiko, te kaitahuri rānei me ētahi atu taputapu hei tango i te waikura, hei tango i te paru, hei whakakotahi i te maitai rewa kia puta ai he maitai rewa parakore.

Te hurihuri: Werohia te maitai rewa ki roto i te mira hurihuri ngongo hei hurihuri, whakaitihia mārire te diameter o te ngongo kia whiwhi ai i te matotoru pakitara e hiahiatia ana, ā, i te wa ano, whakangawaritia te mata o te ngongo maitai.

Te tukatuka matao: Mā te tukatuka matao pēnei i te tuhi matao, te hurihuri matao rānei, ka taea te whakapai ake i te tika me te kounga o te mata o te ngongo maitai.

Maimoatanga wera: I te nuinga o te wā, ka tukuna i roto i te āhua whakatikatika, whakatikatika rānei, hei whakakore i te ahotea toenga i roto i te ngongo maitai, hei whakapai ake i tana mahi whānui.

Mara tono

Matūriki: Whakamahia hei hanga i ngā paipa oko pēhanga pāmahana-iti me ngā paipa whakawhiti wera pāmahana-iti i roto i ngā mara o te hinu, te ahumahi matū, me ētahi atu, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana-iti, pērā i te hau māori waikura, ngā tāke rokiroki hau māori, ngā paipa tuku pāmahana-iti, me ētahi atu.

Hau māori: He pai mō ngā paipa tuku hau māori me ngā tāke rokiroki hau me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakarite i te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana iti.

Ētahi atu mara: E whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te mana, te rererangi, me te hanga kaipuke, pērā i ngā rauemi hanganga matua mō ngā whakapūmau, ngā kohua me ētahi atu taputapu i roto i ngā taputapu mana, me ngā rauemi hanganga matua mō ngā pūnaha waipēhi, ngā pūnaha wahie me ētahi atu taputapu i roto i te mara rererangi.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga me ngā Ine

He whānuitia ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā inenga noa, pērā i te diameter o waho 21.3-711mm, te matotoru o te pakitara 2-120mm, me ētahi atu.
Paipa maitai Gr.6 tui, inā koa ko te ASTM A333/A333M GR.6, SA-333/ rāneiSA333M GR.6He rauemi ahumahi nui te paipa maitai tui-pāmahana iti, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā wā maha e hiahia ana kia pakari te pāmahana iti me te kaha teitei. E whai ake nei he whakataki taipitopito ki te paipa maitai tui-pāmahana Gr.6:

1. Ngā paerewa whakatinanatanga me ngā rauemi

Ngā paerewa whakatinanatanga: Ka whakatinanahia e ngā paipa maitai kore hononga Gr.6 ngā paerewa ASTM A333/A333M, ASME SA-333/SA333M rānei, e whakaputaina ana e te American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) me te American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) ā, e whakamahia ana hei tohu i ngā whakaritenga hangarau mō ngā paipa maitai kore hononga me ngā paipa maitai whakarewa mō te pāmahana iti.

Rauemi: Ko te paipa maitai kore-waikura Gr.6 he paipa maitai pāmahana-iti kore-nikara, e whakamahi ana i te maitai pakari pāmahana-iti kua tangohia te waikura mai i te konumohe, e mōhiotia ana ko te maitai whakamate-konumohe. Ko tōna hanganga whakarewa he ferrite poraka-tinana-pokapū.

2. Te hanganga matū

Ko te hanganga matū o te paipa maitai tui Gr.6 ko:

Waro (C): He iti te ihirangi, kāore i te neke ake i te 0.30%, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te pakarukaru o te maitai.

Manganēhi (Mn): Kei waenga i te 0.29% me te 1.06% te nui o te konupūmā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakari o te maitai.

Ko te Hiraka (Si): Kei waenga i te 0.10% me te 0.37% te ihirangi, e āwhina ana i te tukanga tango waikura o te maitai, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarei ake i te kaha o te maitai ki tētahi taumata.

Te Whero (P) me te whanariki (S): Hei huānga poke, he iti noa iho te nui o te whero me te whanariki, ā, kāore e neke ake i te 0.025%, nā te mea ka whakaitihia te pakari me te āheinga whakarewa o te maitai e te nui o te whero me te whanariki.

Ko ētahi atu huānga whakarewa: pērā i te chromium (Cr), te nickel (Ni), te molybdenum (Mo), me ētahi atu, ka whakahaeretia hoki te nui o te konupūmā i te taumata iti hei whakarite i te mahi pāmahana iti me te mahi whānui o te maitai.

3. Ngā āhuatanga miihini

He tino pai ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te paipa maitai kore-tuitui Gr.6, tae atu ki:

Kaha kume: Ko te tikanga kei waenganui i te 415 me te 655 MPa, e whakarite ana ka taea e te paipa maitai te pupuri i te hanganga pumau me te ārai i te pakaru i te wā e pēhia ana.

Kaha whakaputa: Ko te uara iti rawa ko te 240 MPa (ka taea hoki te eke ki te neke atu i te 200 MPa), kia kore ai e puta he whakarerekētanga nui i raro i ētahi kaha o waho.

Te Roroa: kaua e iti iho i te 30%, ko te tikanga he pai te kaha o te paipa maitai ki te whakarerekē i te āhua kirihou, ā, ka taea e ia te whakaputa i tētahi āhua rerekē me te kore e whati ina totorohia e te kaha o waho. He mea nui rawa tēnei mō te whakamahinga i ngā taiao pāmahana iti, nā te mea ka pakarukaru pea te rauemi i te pāmahana iti, ā, mā te pai o te kirihou ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o taua pakarukaru.

Te pakari o te pānga: I te pāmahana iti kua tohua (pēnei i te -45°C), me tutuki i te kaha pānga ētahi whakaritenga tau mā te whakamātautau pānga Charpy kia kore ai te paipa maitai e pakaru i raro i te pānga pāmahana iti.