I. Ngā Whanaketanga Hou i roto i te Kaupapa Here CBAM a te EU

Te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro o te EU (CBAM) i uru mana ki tana "wāhanga utu" i te 1 o Hānuere, 2026, e tohu ana i te whakawhiti mai i te whakapuakitanga whakahaere ki te kawenga pūtea katoa. E ono ngā kāwai hua e kapi ana i te tuatahi: te maitai, te sima, te konumohe, ngā maniua, te hiko, me te hauwai.

Mai i te tau 2026, he maha ngā whakarerekētanga nui kua mahia ki te CBAM:

(1) Kei te teitei tonu te utu waro

I te hauwhā tuarua o te tau 2026, ko te utu o te tiwhikete CBAM i tū ki€75.28/tāne (tata ki te RMB 585/tāne), me te pupuri tonu i te taumata tiketike. Mai i te tau 2027, ka huri te tikanga utu mai i ngā panuitanga ā-hauwhā ki ngā panuitanga ā-wiki, e hono ana i te wā-tūturu ki ngā utu whakakorenga hokohoko a te EU ETS.

(2) Kua Tino Whakaitihia ngā Uara Taunoa

I te 31 o Hūrae, 2026, i whakaputa te EU i te Ture (EU) 2026/1740, e whakahou ana i ngā uara taunoa CBAM. I kitea he whakahekenga nui i ngā hua maitai:

Kāwai Hua Uara Taunoa o Mua (tCO₂/tēne) Uara Taunoa Hou (tCO₂/tēne) Whakaitinga

Ngā Pire/Haunga-oti (7207) 8.230 3.169 -61.5%

Rino Poaka (7201) 7.920 1.660 -79.0%

Rino Koranu Āhua-oti (7224) 9.960-10.000 6.110-6.180 -38%

Ka tangohia e te ture hou ngā tauwehenga tāpae 10%, 20%, me te 30% mai i te ture o mua (EU) 2025/2621, ka hoki ki ngā uara taunoa rerekē i runga i ngā huarahi whakaputa rerekē.

(3) Te Whakawhanui i te Whānuitanga

I te 9 o Hūrae, 2026, i pōti te Komiti Taiao o te Paremata Pākehā ki te whakawhānui i te kapinga CBAM mai i ngā rauemi taketake ki ngā hua kua oti te hanga. I te Hakihea 2025, i whakaaro te Komihana Pākehā ki te tāpiri i te tata ki te 180 ngā hua hanga e whakamahia ana te maitai me te konumohe, e kapi ana i ngā mīhini, ngā taputapu me ngā hua whakarewa, ngā wāhanga waka, ngā taputapu whare, me ngā taputapu hanga. E matapaetia ana ka whai mana te whakawhānui i te 1 o Hānuere, 2028.

(4) Kua Whakakahangia ngā Mahi Ārai-Tawhiti

Ka whakakaha ake te ture hou i ngā whakaritenga ārai-takahi, ina kore e kiia te "tukatuka iti" he tikanga karo tika. Ina kitea ngā tauira takahi, kei te Komihana te mana ki te whakamahi i ngā uara tukunga teitei whiu mai i te whenua taketake.

(5) Paepae Whakakorenga 50-Tana

I te tau 2025, i whakatinanahia e te Komihana he paepae whakawātea ā-tau mō te kawemai 50-tāne. E whakaatu ana ngā aromatawai ka whakawāteatia e tēnei paepae te tata ki te 90% o ngā kawemai, me te kapi tonu i te tata ki te 99% o ngā tukunga waro e tika ana.

II. Te Tātari Pānga ki te Ahumahi Paipa Rino

Hei hua maitai kua tukatukahia hōhonu, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā paipa maitai i raro i te anga CBAM:

(1) Te Pānga Tika ki te Utu Waro

Mā te whakamahi i ngā tātaitanga uara taunoa, ko te kaweake i te kotahi tana o ngā hua maitai kua hipokina ki te CBAM ka puta pea he RMB 130 ki te 4,670 tāpiri i roto i ngā utu waro. Ahakoa ka hokona, ka tukuna hoki ngā tiwhikete CBAM e ngā kawemai o te EU, he maha ngā wā ka tukuna e ngā kawemai ētahi wāhanga, katoa rānei o ēnei utu ki ngā kaiwhakarato Hainamana mā roto i ngā whakahekenga utu, i ngā whakaritenga tiritiri utu waro kirimana rānei.

Ko te nuinga o te hanga maitai o Haina he oumu pupuhi-ovena hāora taketake (BF-BOF), me te CO2₂ngā tukunga tata ki te 2.0–2.2 tāne mō ia tāne o te maitai—he teitei ake i te ara oumu hiko a te EU (EAF) i te 0.4–0.6 tāne. I runga i te utu waro o te EU i te tīmatanga o te tau 2026 o€88/tēne, i muri i te whakakorenga katoa o ngā tahua kore utu i te tau 2034, ka piki ake pea ngā utu CBAM mō ngā kaweake maitai ki te EU mā te€140–160 mō ia tana.

(2) Pānga Whānui–Ngā Paipa Rino e Whakaurua Tika Ana

I mua, ko ngā hua tukatuka maitai pēnei i ngā paipa i pai ake pea i te mea kāore i whakarōpūtia hei "rauemi taketake." Heoi, i te mea ka horapa te CBAM ki ngā hua o muri mai e nui ana te whakamahi i te maitai me te konumohe, ka whakaurua tika ngā paipa maitai, ngā wāhanga maitai hanganga, me ngā paipa rino maka ki roto i te whānuitanga ture.

He mea nui kia whakamāramahia: Kāore te whakawhānuitanga CBAM e takoha i te hua katoa kua oti, engari ka tatau i ngā tukunga o te maitai me te konumohe kei roto i te hua. Mō ngā paipa maitai, ka tatau noa te CBAM i te waro kua whakauruhia o te maitai e pau ana i te hanga paipa.—kāore i roto i te whānuitanga ngā tukunga tukatuka me te hanga i muri mai.

(3) Te Whakatakotoranga Takirua o ngā Taripa me ngā Utu Waro

Nā ngā ture kawemai rino hou a te EU e whai mana ana i te Hūrae 2026 i tapahi ngā toha kawemai kore-taake mā te 47% pea, ā, i whakanekehia ngā tāke kawemai taikaha mai i te 25% ki te 50%. Nā ngā utu waro me ngā arai tāke ināianei ka hangaia he pānga whakarea, ka nui ake te pikinga o te kawenga tāke katoa mō ngā kaweake paipa rino.

(4) Paepae Whakatutukitanga Tino Nui Ake

I raro i te whakatinanatanga katoa o te CBAM, me tutuki e ngā kaihoko ki ngā herenga pakari mō te pūrongo raraunga tukunga waro, tae atu ki te kaute tapuwae waro hua, te manatoko raraunga a te hunga tuatoru, me te tuku pūrongo tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. I tēnei wā, kei te pāngia ngā umanga maitai Haina e ngā āputa i roto i ngā paerewa ine waro me ngā pūnaha whai raraunga, ka puta he mōrearea poto o te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

III. Ngā Taunakitanga mō ngā Kaihoko Paipa Rino

1. Arotakehia ngā Waehere CN Hua: Tirohia mēnā kua hipokina kētia ō hua paipa maitai, ka hipokina rānei i raro i te whānuitanga CBAM i te tau 2028.

2. Whakatūria he Pūnaha Whakahaere Raraunga Waro: Hangaia he pūnaha whakahaere waro mamati mai i te taumata hua ki te taumata mekameka tuku, me te waihanga i ngā rekoata raraunga tukunga waro pono, mārama, me te taea te whai.

3. Whakatairangahia te Pūrongo Uara Tuturu: Ahakoa kua tino heke ngā uara taunoa, kei te teitei tonu i ngā taumata tukunga tuturu mō te nuinga o ngā umanga Haina. Mā te whakamahi i ngā uara tukunga tuturu kua manatokohia ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu taake waro. Kia mahara ko te pūrongo uara tuturu me whai kaute ngaio me te manatoko e ngā tari tuatoru kua whakamanahia.

4. Whakahaerehia te Huringa Waro-Iti: Whakaitihia te kaha o te waro o te hua i te pūtake mā te arotau i ngā hanganga pūngao, te whakauru i ngā rauemi mata waro-iti, me te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga whakaputa.

5. Whakarite tahi me ngā Kaihoko Kawemai o te EU: Whakatūria he tikanga tiritiri raraunga waro me ngā kaihoko kawemai o te EU, ā, whakapā atu ki ngā whakaritenga tiritiri utu waro i mua i te wā kia kore ai e whakaroa, e ngaro rānei ngā ota nā ngā take ture.