20G: Ko te nama maitai kua whakarārangihia mō GB5310-95 (ngā waitohu o tāwāhi: st45.8 i Tiamana, STB42 i Hapani, me SA106B i te Hononga o Amerika). Koinei te maitai e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā paipa maitai pūwero. Ko te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini he rite tonu ki ērā o ngā pereti maitai 20. He kaha te maitai i te pāmahana noa me te pāmahana reo me te pāmahana teitei, he iti te ihirangi waro, he pai ake te kirihou me te pakari, ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga hanga me te whakarewa makariri me te wera. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei hanga i ngā hononga paipa pūwero pēhanga teitei me te teitei ake te tawhā, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakamahana anō, ngā kaiwhakaora me ngā pakitara wai i te wāhanga pāmahana iti; pērā i ngā paipa iti te whānui mō te whakamahana i ngā paipa mata me te pāmahana pakitara o te ≤500℃, me ngā pakitara wai. Ngā paipa, ngā paipa economizer, me ētahi atu, ngā paipa nui te whānui mō ngā paipa mamaoa me ngā pane (economizer, pakitara wai, whakamahana pāmahana iti me te pane whakamahana anō) me te pāmahana pakitara ≤450℃, me ngā paipa me te pāmahana reo ≤450℃. Ngā taputapu me ētahi atu. Nā te mea ka whakakāwhatia te maitai waro mēnā ka whakahaerehia mō te wā roa i runga ake i te 450°C, ko te pāmahana whakamahinga mōrahi mō te wā roa o te ngongo mata whakamahana he pai ake te whakawhāiti ki raro iho i te 450°C. I roto i tēnei awhe pāmahana, ka taea e te kaha o te maitai te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā whakamahana me ngā paipa mamaoa, ā, he pai te ātete ki te waikura, te pakari kirihou, te mahi whakarewa me ētahi atu āhuatanga tukatuka wera me te makariri, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga. Ko te maitai e whakamahia ana i roto i te oumu o Iran (e pā ana ki te waeine kotahi) ko te paipa whakauru wai para (ko te rahinga he 28 tana), te paipa whakauru wai mamaoa (20 tana), te paipa hononga mamaoa (26 tana), me te pane whakangao (8 tana). ), te pūnaha wai whakamahana (5 tana), ko te toenga ka whakamahia hei maitai papatahi me ngā rauemi pū (tata ki te 86 tana).

SA-210C (25MnG): Koinei te kounga maitai i roto i te paerewa ASME SA-210. He maitai waro-manganese he ngongo iti te diameter mō ngā poiha me ngā whakamahana nui, ā, he maitai kaha-wera pearlite. I whakawhitia e Haina ki GB5310 i te tau 1995, ā, i tapaina ko 25MnG. He māmā noa iho tōna hanganga matū engari he nui te ihirangi waro me te manganese, ko te toenga he rite ki te 20G, nō reira ko tōna kaha whakaputa he 20% teitei ake i te 20G, ā, ko tōna kirihou me te pakari he rite ki te 20G. He māmā te tukanga whakaputa o te maitai, ā, he pai te mahi makariri me te wera. Mā te whakamahi hei utu mō te 20G ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te pakitara me te kai rauemi, i taua wā ka whakapai ake i te whakawhiti wera o te poiha. Ko tōna wāhanga whakamahinga me te pāmahana whakamahinga he rite tonu ki te 20G, e whakamahia ana mō te pakitara wai, te economizer, te whakamahana nui pāmahana iti me ētahi atu wāhanga he iti iho te pāmahana mahi i te 500℃.

SA-106C: Koinei te kounga maitai i roto i te paerewa ASME SA-106. He paipa maitai waro-konupora mō ngā kohua nui me ngā whakamahana nui mō te pāmahana teitei. He māmā noa iho tōna hanganga matū, ā, he rite ki te maitai waro 20G, engari he nui ake te ihirangi waro me te konupora, nō reira he 12% teitei ake tōna kaha whakaputa i tērā o te 20G, ā, kāore i te kino tōna kirihou me tōna pakari. He māmā noa te tukanga whakaputa o te maitai, ā, he pai te mahi makariri me te wera. Mā te whakamahi hei whakakapi i ngā pane 20G (he economizer, he pakitara wai, he whakamahana nui pāmahana iti me te pane whakamahana anō) ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te pakitara mā te 10% pea, ka taea te penapena i ngā utu rauemi, te whakaiti i te mahi whakarewa, me te whakapai ake i te rerekētanga ahotea o ngā pane i te tīmatanga.

15Mo3 (15MoG): He paipa maitai tēnei i roto i te paerewa DIN17175. He paipa maitai waro-molybdenum iti te whānui mō te whakamahana nui o te poiha. I tēnei wā, he maitai kaha-wera pearlitic. I whakawhitia e Haina ki GB5310 i te tau 1995, ā, i tapaina ko 15MoG. He māmā noa iho tōna hanganga matū, engari kei roto ko te molybdenum, nō reira, ahakoa te pupuri tonu i te mahi tukanga rite ki te maitai waro, he pai ake tōna kaha wera i te maitai waro. Nā te pai o tana mahi me te utu iti, kua whānuitia te whakamahi e ngā whenua o te ao. Heoi, he āhua whakakāwhata te maitai i roto i te mahi roa i te pāmahana teitei, nō reira me whakahaere te pāmahana whakamahi i raro i te 510℃, ā, me whakawhāiti te nui o te Al i tāpirihia i te wā whakarewa hei whakahaere me te whakaroa i te tukanga whakakāwhata. Ko te nuinga o tēnei paipa maitai e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakamahana nui pāmahana-iti me ngā whakamahana-anō pāmahana-iti, ā, kei raro iho i te 510℃ te pāmahana pakitara. Ko tōna hanganga matū ko C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; te taumata kaha ahi noa σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; te Kirihou δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Koinei te kounga maitai i roto i te paerewa ASME SA-209. He ngongo maitai waro-molybdenum iti te diameter mō ngā kohua me ngā whakamahana nui, ā, he maitai kaha-wera pearlite. I whakawhitihia e Haina ki GB5310 i te tau 1995, ā, i tapaina ko 20MoG. He māmā noa iho tōna hanganga matū, engari kei roto ko te molybdenum, nō reira, ahakoa te pupuri tonu i te mahi tukanga rite ki te maitai waro, he pai ake tōna kaha wera i te maitai waro. Heoi, he āhua ki te whakakāwhata te maitai i roto i te mahi roa i te pāmahana teitei, nō reira me whakahaere te pāmahana whakamahinga i raro i te 510℃ me te ārai i te pāmahana nui. I te wā whakarewa, me whakawhāiti te nui o te Al i tāpirihia hei whakahaere me te whakaroa i te tukanga whakakāwhata. Ko te nuinga o tēnei paipa maitai e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā pakitara whakamatao-wai, ngā whakamahana nui me ngā whakamahana anō, ā, kei raro iho i te 510℃ te pāmahana pakitara. Ko tōna hanganga matū ko C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; taumata kaha kua whakaritea σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; kirihou δ≥30.

15CrMoG: he maitai GB5310-95 (e rite ana ki ngā maitai 1Cr-1/2Mo me 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā whenua maha o te ao). He nui ake te ihirangi chromium i te maitai 12CrMo, nō reira he kaha ake tōna wera. Ina neke atu te pāmahana i te 550℃, ka tino heke tōna kaha wera. Ina whakamahia mō te wā roa i te 500-550℃, kāore e puta te whakakāwhata, engari ka puta te whakapūpū kāpiti me te tohatoha anō i ngā huānga whakarewa, ka hua ake te wera o te maitai. Ka heke te kaha, ā, he pai te ātete whakangā o te maitai i te 450°C. He pai te mahi a te hanga paipa me te tukanga whakarewa. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei paipa me ngā pane mamaoa pēhanga teitei me te waenga me ngā tawhā mamaoa i raro i te 550℃, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me te pāmahana pakitara ngongo i raro i te 560℃, me ētahi atu. Ko tōna hanganga matū ko C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; taumata kaha σs≥ i roto i te āhua whakamahana noa 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Kirihou δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: Ko te T22 (P22) he rauemi paerewa ASME SA213 (SA335), kua whakarārangihia ki Haina GB5310-95. I roto i te raupapa maitai Cr-Mo, he tino teitei tōna kaha wera, ā, ko tōna kaha manawanui me te ahotea whakaaetia i te pāmahana kotahi he teitei ake i te maitai 9Cr-1Mo. Nō reira, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hiko wera o tāwāhi, te hiko karihi me ngā oko pēhanga. He whānui ngā tono. Engari kāore tōna ōhanga hangarau i te pai ki te 12Cr1MoV o tōku whenua, nō reira he iti ake te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga poiha hiko wera o te whare. Ka whakamahia anake ina tonoa e te kaiwhakamahi (ina koa ka hangaia me te hangaia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga ASME). Kāore te maitai e pāngia e te maimoatanga wera, he kirihou pakari teitei, ā, he pai te mahi whakarewa. Ko ngā ngongo iti-diameter T22 e whakamahia ana hei ngongo mata whakamahana mō ngā whakamahana nui me ngā whakamahana anō kei raro iho i te 580℃ te pāmahana o te pakitara whakarewa, ko ngā ngongo P22 diameter nui ia e whakamahia ana mō ngā hononga whakamahana nui/whakamahana anō kāore e neke ake i te 565℃ te pāmahana o te pakitara whakarewa. Pouaka me te paipa mamaoa matua. Ko tōna hanganga matū ko C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; taumata kaha σs≥280, σb≥ i raro i te whakatikatika pai 450-600 MPa; Kirihou δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: He maitai kua whakarārangihia ki te GB5310-95, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakamahana nui o ngā teihana hiko pēhanga teitei, pēhanga tino teitei, me te iti-whakahirahira o te whare, ngā pane me ngā paipa mamaoa matua. He rite tonu te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini ki ērā o te pepa 12Cr1MoV. He māmā noa iho tōna hanganga matū, he iti iho i te 2% te tapeke o te koranu, ā, he maitai pearlite iti-waro, iti-koranu wera. I roto i ēnei, ka taea e te vanadium te hanga i tētahi VC carbide pumau me te waro, ka taea ai te noho pai o te chromium me te molybdenum i roto i te maitai i roto i te ferrite, me te whakaroa i te tere whakawhiti o te chromium me te molybdenum mai i te ferrite ki te carbide, ka pai ake te pumau o te maitai i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ko te tapeke o ngā huānga koranu i roto i tēnei maitai he haurua noa iho o te maitai 2.25Cr-1Mo e whakamahia whānuitia ana ki tāwāhi, engari ko tōna kaha manawanui i te 580℃ me te 100,000 h he 40% teitei ake i te mea whakamutunga; ā, he māmā noa iho te tukanga whakaputa, ā, he pai te mahi whakarewa. Mēnā he tino pakari te tukanga maimoatanga wera, ka taea te whakatutuki i te mahi whānui me te kaha wera e pai ana. E whakaatu ana te whakahaere tuturu o te teihana hiko ka taea tonu te whakamahi i te paipa mamaoa matua 12Cr1MoV i muri i te 100,000 hāora o te mahi haumaru i te 540°C. Ko ngā paipa whānui-rahi ka whakamahia nuitia hei pane me ngā paipa mamaoa matua me ngā tawhā mamaoa i raro i te 565℃, ā, ko ngā paipa whānui-iti ka whakamahia mō ngā paipa mata whakamahana poiha me ngā pāmahana pakitara whakarewa i raro i te 580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): He momo maitai tēnei i roto i te GB5310-95. He maitai kaha-wera iti-waro, iti-koranu (he iti noa te maha) bainite i whakawhanakehia, i whakawhanakehia hoki e tōku whenua i ngā tau 1960. Kua whakaurua ki roto i te Paerewa Manatū Whakarewa YB529 mai i ngā tau 1970 ki te 70 me te paerewa ā-motu o nāianei. I te mutunga o te tau 1980, i paahitia e te maitai te aromatawai tahi a te Manatū Whakarewa, te Manatū Mīhini me te Mana Hiko. He pai ngā āhuatanga miihini whānui o te maitai, ā, ko tōna kaha wera me te pāmahana ratonga he nui ake i ngā maitai o tāwāhi, e eke ana ki te taumata o ētahi maitai austenitic chromium-nickel i te 620℃. Nā te mea he maha ngā momo huānga whakarewa kei roto i te maitai, ā, ka tāpirihia hoki ngā huānga pēnei i te Cr, Si, me ētahi atu e whakapai ake ana i te ātete waikura, kia taea ai e te pāmahana ratonga teitei te eke ki te 620°C. I roto i te whakahaerenga tūturu o te teihana hiko, i whakaatuhia kāore i tino rerekē te whakaritenga me te mahi a te paipa maitai i muri i te whakamahinga roa. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ngongo whakamahana nui me te ngongo whakamahana anō mō ​​te poiha tawhā tino teitei me te pāmahana whakarewa ≤620℃. Ko tōna hanganga matū ko C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; taumata kaha σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa i roto i te āhua whakamātao pai; kirihou δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Koinei te kounga maitai i roto i te paerewa ASME SA-213 (335). He rauemi mō ngā wāhanga pēhanga pāmahana teitei o te mana karihi (e whakamahia ana hoki i ētahi atu wāhi) i whakawhanakehia e te Rubber Ridge National Laboratory o te Hononga o Amerika. Ko te maitai i ahu mai i te maitai T9 (9Cr-1Mo), ā, e herea ana ki ngā rohe o runga me raro o te ihirangi waro. , Ahakoa te whakahaere kaha ake i te ihirangi o ngā huānga toenga pēnei i te P me te S, ka tāpirihia he tohu o te 0.030-0.070% o te N, he tohu o ngā huānga hanga carbide kaha o te 0.18-0.25% o te V me te 0.06-0.10% o te Nb hei whakatutuki i te whakapainga. Ko te momo hou o te maitai koranu ātete-wera ferritic ka hangaia e ngā whakaritenga witi; Ko te taumata maitai tēnei kua rārangihia ki te ASME SA-213, ā, i whakawhitihia e Haina te maitai ki te paerewa GB5310 i te tau 1995, ā, ko te taumata i whakatakotoria ko 10Cr9Mo1VNb; ā, ko te paerewa o te ao ISO/DIS9329-2 kua rārangihia ko X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Nā te nui o te chromium (9%), he pai ake tōna ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha o te pāmahana teitei me ngā āhuatanga kore-whakairoiro i ngā maitai iti-koranu. Ko te huānga molybdenum (1%) ka whakapai ake i te kaha o te pāmahana teitei me te aukati i te maitai chromium. He āhuatanga pakarukaru wera; Ki te whakatauritea ki te T9, kua pai ake te mahi whakarewa me te mahi ngenge wera, ko tōna roa i te 600°C e toru ngā wā i tērā o muri, ā, ka mau tonu te ātete waikura pāmahana teitei pai o te maitai T9 (9Cr-1Mo); Ki te whakaritea ki te maitai kore waikura austenitic, he iti te tauwehenga whānui, he pai te kawe wera, ā, he kaha ake te manawanui (hei tauira, ki te whakaritea ki te maitai austenitic TP304, tatari kia tae te pāmahana kaha ki te 625°C, ā, ko te pāmahana ahotea ōrite ko te 607°C). Nō reira, he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini whānui, he pumau te hanganga me te mahi i mua me muri i te koroheketanga, he pai te mahi whakarewa me te mahi tukanga, he roa te manawanui me te ātete ki te waikura. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakamahana nui me ngā whakamahana anō me te pāmahana whakarewa ≤650℃ i roto i ngā kohua. Ko tōna hanganga matū ko C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04, Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; taumata kaha σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa i te āhua whakamātao pai; kirihou δ≥20.