Ko te paipa maitai he iti iho i te 20 te ōwehenga o te diameter o waho ki te matotoru o te pakitara ka kiia he paipa maitai pakitara-matotoru.

E whakamahia ana te nuinga hei paipa keri whenua hinu, hei paipa pakaru mō te umanga matū hinu, hei paipa kōhua, hei paipa whāngai me ngā paipa hanganga tino tika mō ngā motuka, ngā tarakihana, me te rererangi.

Te tukanga hanga o te paipa maitai tui kore

1. Hurihuri wera (paipa maitai kore hononga i whakaputahia): pire ngongo porowhita → whakamahana → wero → hurihuri whakawhiti-toru, hurihuri tonu, whakaputanga rānei → tango paipa → rahi (whakaiti rānei) → whakamatao → Whakatikatika → whakamātautau waipēhi (te kimi hapa rānei) → tohu → whare putunga.

Ko te rauemi mata mō te hurihuri i ngā paipa kore hononga he porowhita porowhita. Ka tapahia ngā porowhita porowhita e te mīhini tapahi kia rite ki te porowhita, tata ki te 1 mita te roa, ka tukuna ki te oumu hei whakamahana mā te whitiki kawe. Ka whāngaihia te porowhita ki roto i te oumu, ka whakamahanahia ki te pāmahana tata ki te 1200 nekehanga Celsius. Ko te wahie he hauwai, he acetylene rānei. Ko te whakahaere pāmahana i roto i te oumu he mea nui. I muri i te putanga mai o te ngongo porowhita i te oumu, me werohia mā te mīhini wero pēhanga. Ko te mīhini wero e tino kitea ana ko te mīhini wero roera whakarara. He pai te mahi whakaputa o tēnei momo mīhini wero, he pai te kounga hua, he whānui te diameter poka, ā, ka taea te mau i ngā momo maitai. I muri i te werohanga, ka hurihia te porowhita porowhita kia toru ngā porowhita. I muri i te pēhi, tangohia te ngongo ka whakatikatika. Ka huri te mīhini ine i te tere tere mā te mata wiri kōniko hei wero i ngā kōhao ki roto i te maitai parakore hei hanga i te paipa maitai. Ko te whānui o roto o te paipa maitai ka whakatauhia e te roa o te whānui o waho o te mata keri o te mīhini ine. Kia oti te ine i te paipa maitai, ka tomo ki te pourewa whakamatao, ā, ka whakamataohia mā te rehu wai. Kia oti te whakamatao i te paipa maitai, ka whakatikatikaina. Kia oti te whakatikatika, ka tukuna te paipa maitai ki te taputapu kite hapa whakarewa (te whakamātautau waipēhi rānei) e te whitiki kawe hei kimi hapa o roto. Mena he pakaru, he mirumiru, me ētahi atu mea kei roto i te paipa maitai, ka kitea. Kia oti te tirotiro kounga o ngā paipa maitai, me whiriwhiri ā-ringa tino tika. Kia oti te tirotiro kounga o te paipa maitai, peitahia te tau raupapa, ngā whakatakotoranga, te tau puranga whakaputa, me ētahi atu mea ki te peita. Ka hikihia ki roto i te whare putunga e te kerēni.

2. Paipa maitai kore-whakakorikori matao: te ngongo porowhita porowhita → te whakamahana → te wero → te pane → te whakamahana → te whakamātao → te whakapūkara → te hinu (te whakakikorua parahi) → te tuhi matao maha-haere (te hurihuri matao) → te ngongo pire → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika → te wai. Whakamātautau pēhanga (te kimi hapa) → te tohu → te whare putunga.

Te whakarōpūtanga o te hanga paipa tui-paipa huri wera, paipa huri matao, paipa kumea matao, paipa whakaputa, paipa whakapiko

1. Ko te paipa maitai tui kore mō te hanganga (GB/T8162-1999) he paipa maitai tui kore mō te hanganga whānui me te hanganga mīhini.

2. Ko ngā paipa maitai tui kore mō te kawe wai (GB/T8163-1999) he paipa maitai tui kore whānui e whakamahia ana hei kawe wai, hinu, hau me ētahi atu wai.

3. Ka whakamahia ngā paipa maitai kore-tui mō ngā poiha pēhanga iti me te reo (GB3087-1999) hei hanga i ngā paipa mamaoa wera rawa, ngā paipa wai kohua mō ngā poiha pēhanga iti me te reo o ngā hanganga rerekē me ngā paipa mamaoa wera rawa mō ngā poiha tereina, ngā paipa ahi nui, ngā paipa ahi iti me ngā pereki āwhata. Ngā paipa maitai kore-tui waro kounga teitei, he mea huri wera, he mea tō matao (hurihuri) mō ngā paipa.

4. Ko ngā paipa maitai kore-tui mō ngā kohua pēhanga-teitei (GB5310-1995) he maitai waro kounga teitei, he maitai koranu me te maitai kowiri tira ātete-wera, he paipa maitai kore-tui mō te mata whakamahana o ngā kohua ngongo wai pēhanga-teitei me runga ake.

5. Ko ngā paipa maitai kore-pēhanga teitei mō ngā taputapu tongi (GB6479-2000) he paipa maitai hanganga waro kounga teitei me te maitai koranu kore-pēhanga e tika ana mō ngā taputapu matū me ngā paipa me te pāmahana mahi o -40~400℃ me te pēhanga mahi o 10~30Ma.

6. Ko ngā paipa maitai kore hononga mō te pakaru hinu (GB9948-88) he paipa maitai kore hononga e tika ana mō ngā ngongo oumu, ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā paipa i roto i ngā whare hanga hinu.

7. Ko ngā paipa rino mō te keri whenua (YB235-70) he paipa rino e whakamahia ana mō te keri matua e ngā tari whenua. Ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei ki ngā paipa keri, ki ngā kara keri, ki ngā paipa matua, ki ngā paipa anga me ngā paipa whakatōpuku i runga i ō rātou mahi.

8. Ko ngā paipa maitai kore hononga mō te keri matua taimana (GB3423-82) he paipa maitai kore hononga mō ngā paipa keri, ngā tokotoko matua, me ngā anga e whakamahia ana mō te keri matua taimana.

9. Ko te paipa keri hinu (YB528-65) he paipa rino kore hononga e whakamahia ana mō te whakamātotoru i roto, i waho rānei i ngā pito e rua o te keri hinu. E rua ngā momo o ngā paipa rino: he waea me he kore-waea. Ka honoa ngā paipa waea mā te hononga, ā, ko ngā paipa kore-waea ka honoa ki ngā hononga taputapu mā te whakarewa tuara.

10. Ko ngā paipa maitai waro-kore mō ngā kaipuke (GB5213-85) he paipa maitai waro-kore e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga i ngā pūnaha paipa pēhanga Akomanga I, ngā pūnaha paipa pēhanga Akomanga II, ngā kohua me ngā whakamahana nui. Kāore te pāmahana mahi o te pakitara paipa maitai waro-kore e neke ake i te 450℃, ko te pāmahana mahi o te pakitara paipa maitai koranu he neke atu i te 450℃.

11. Ko ngā ngongo maitai kore hononga mō ngā ringaringa toki waka (GB3088-82) he maitai hanganga waro kounga teitei me te maitai hanganga koranu he ngongo maitai kore hononga wera-hurihuri hei hanga ringaringa toki waka me ngā ngongo toki toki taraiwa.

12. Ko ngā paipa hinu pēhanga teitei mō ngā miihini tīhiera (GB3093-86) he paipa rino kore-hono e tōia ana i te matao e whakamahia ana hei hanga paipa pēhanga teitei mō ngā pūnaha werohanga miihini tīhiera.

13. Ko ngā paipa maitai tuimotu diameter ā-roto tino tika mō ngā rango waipēhi me te hauhautanga (GB8713-88) he paipa maitai tuimotu tika, he mea kumea matao, he mea hurihuri matao rānei, he tino tika ngā diameter ā-roto mō te hanga i ngā rango waipēhi me te hauhautanga.

14. Ko te paipa maitai tui-matao, he paipa rino tui-kore, he paipa rino tui-kore, he paipa rino tui-kore, he tino tika te āhua, he pai hoki te āhua o te mata mō ngā hanganga miihini me ngā taputapu waipēhi. Mā te whakamahi i ngā paipa rino tui-kore hei hanga hanganga miihini, taputapu waipēhi rānei, ka taea te penapena i ngā hāora mahi miihini, te whakanui ake i te whakamahinga rauemi, ā, i te wā kotahi ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua.

15. Ko te paipa maitai kore waikura hanganga (GB/T14975-1994) he maitai kore waikura wera-hurihia i hangaia mai i ngā paipa ātete-waikura me ngā wāhanga hanganga me ngā wāhanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te matū, te hinu, te kakahu, te hauora, te kai, te mīhini me ētahi atu ahumahi (whakaputaina, whakawhanuitia) me ngā ngongo maitai kore waikura matao (hurihia).

16. Ko ngā paipa maitai kore-waikura mō te kawe wai (GB/T14976-1994) he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira hei kawe wai, he mea hurihuri wera (whakaputaina, whakawhanuitia) me te mea kumea matao (hurihia).

17. Ko te paipa maitai tuimotu āhua motuhake he kupu whānui mō ngā paipa maitai tuimotu he āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga ehara i te paipa porowhita. E ai ki te āhua me te rahi rerekē o te wāhanga paipa maitai, ka taea te wehewehe ki te paipa maitai tuimotu āhua motuhake he rite te pakitara (waehere D), te paipa maitai tuimotu āhua motuhake he rite te pakitara (waehere BD), me te paipa maitai tuimotu āhua motuhake he rerekē te diameter (waehere BJ). He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā paipa maitai tuimotu āhua motuhake i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga, taputapu me ngā wāhanga miihini. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā paipa porowhita, he nui ake ngā nekehanga o te inertia me te modulus wāhanga o ngā paipa āhua motuhake, ā, he nui ake te ātete piko me te torsion, ka taea te whakaiti i te taumaha hanganga me te penapena maitai.

Ko te tikanga, ko ngā paipa maitai kore hononga he mea hanga mai i te 10, 20, 30, 35, 45 me ētahi atu maitai waro kounga teitei pērā i te 16Mn, 5MnV me ētahi atu maitai hanganga iti-koranu, 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB me ētahi atu maitai hiato mā te hurihuri wera, te hurihuri makariri rānei. Ko ngā paipa kore hononga he mea hanga mai i te maitai waro iti pērā i te 10 me te 20 e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa kawe wai. Ko ngā paipa kore hononga he mea hanga mai i te maitai waro reo pērā i te 45 me te 40Cr e whakamahia ana hei hanga wāhanga mīhini, pērā i ngā wāhanga taumaha o ngā motuka me ngā tarakihana.　Ko te tikanga, me whakamahi ngā paipa rino kore hononga mō ngā whakamātautau kaha me te whakatārewatanga. Ka tukuna ngā paipa rino hurihuri wera i roto i te āhua hurihuri wera, i te āhua tukatuka wera rānei; ka tukuna ngā paipa rino hurihuri matao i roto i te āhua wera wera. Ngā ngongo rino kore hononga mō ngā poiha pēhanga iti me te reo: e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā momo poiha pēhanga iti me te reo, ngā ngongo mamaoa wera rawa, ngā ngongo wai kohua, ngā ngongo pakitara wai me ngā ngongo mamaoa wera rawa mō ngā poiha tereina, ngā ngongo paowa nui, ngā ngongo paowa iti me ngā ngongo pereki kōpiko.

　　Whakamahia he paipa maitai hanganga waro kounga teitei, he mea huri wera, he mea huri matao rānei (whakawhiti). Ko te nuinga o te wā he mea hanga ki te maitai Nama 10 me te Nama 20. Haunga te whakarite i te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini, me whakahaere he whakamātautau waipēhi, pērā i te whakakoi, te mura, me te whakapapatahi. Ka tukuna ngā hua huri wera i roto i te āhua huri wera, ā, ka tukuna ngā hua huri matao i roto i te āhua whakamahana.

18.Ko te GB18248-2000 (paipa maitai kore-tuitui mō ngā rango hau) e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i ngā momo rango hau me te waipēhi. Ko ōna rauemi matua ko te 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, me ētahi atu.

Tāutuhia ngā paipa rino matotoru rūpahu me ngā paipa rino ngoikore

1. He māmā noa te whakapiko i ngā paipa rino rūpahu he matotoru te pakitara.

2. He maha ngā poka kei te mata o ngā paipa rino rūpahu he pakitara matotoru.

3. He ngāwari te pakaru o ngā paipa rino rūpahu, he matotoru te pakitara.

4. He ngāwari te pakaru o te mata o ngā rauemi rūpahu me ngā rauemi ngoikore.

5. He ngāwari te waru i ngā paipa rino rūpahu he matotoru te pakitara.

6. Kāore he kanapa whakarewa o ngā paipa rino rūpahu, he pakitara matotoru, ā, he whero mārama, he rite rānei ki te rino poaka.

7. He angiangi, he poto hoki ngā rara whakawhiti o ngā paipa rino rūpahu he matotoru te pakitara, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kitea te kore e makona.

8. He porowhita te āhua o te whiti whakawhiti o te paipa maitai rūpahu, he pakitara matotoru tōna.

10. He maha ngā poke o te rauemi o te paipa rino matotoru rūpahu, ā, he iti rawa te matotoru o te rino.

11. Ka tino rerekē te whānui o roto o te paipa maitai matotoru rūpahu.

12. He rite tonu te paerewa o ngā tohu hokohoko me te tānga o ngā ngongo kounga teitei.

13. Mō ngā miro nunui e toru, neke atu i te 16 ngā paipa maitai te whānui, he nui ake te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā tohu e rua i te IM.

14. He piupiu ngā pae roa o te rino pakarukaru.

15. Kāore ngā kaihanga paipa rino rūpahu matotoru e taraiwa, nō reira he wetekina te takai. He porowhita te taha.