Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, monga mtengo, zinthu, mayankho, ndi zina zotero, plendiLumikizanani nafe pa intaneti.
1. Kusanthula kwa Mafotokozedwe
| Chinthu | Zamkati | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|---|
| GOST 8732-78 | Muyeso wa miyeso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika chotentha | Imatchula mainchesi akunja, makulidwe a khoma, kutalika, ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi osasinthika opangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kotentha (kusintha kwa kutentha). Mtundu wamba wa OD: 32-426 mm; makulidwe a khoma monga momwe amafunikira. |
| GOST 8731-74 | Miyezo yaukadaulo ya mapaipi achitsulo osapindika omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe otentha | Imatchula kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, njira zoyesera, malamulo owunikira, ndi zina zotero. Miyezo iwiriyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi kuti ipange mawonekedwe athunthu a chinthucho. |
| 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | Chitsulo chachitsulo cha alloy cha ku Russia | Chitsulo cha aloyi chapakati cha kaboni chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba bwino. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina, mafakitale ankhondo, ndege, ndi zina zotero. |
| B | Chitoliro cha "kalasi" cha chitoliro | Chizindikiro cha giredi mu dongosolo lokhazikika la ku Russia (lofanana ndi PSL1). Zofunikira zina ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zikalata zaukadaulo ndi tsatanetsatane wa oda. |
2. Muyezo ndi Zinthu Zofanana za ku China
Zinthu zofanana mwachindunji: 30CrMnSiA (GB/T 3077 - Chitsulo chomangira cha Alloy)
Ndi ofanana kwathunthu ndipo amatha kuonedwa ngati chinthu chomwecho. Kuyerekeza kapangidwe ka mankhwala:
| Chinthu | 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | 30CrMnSiA | Zindikirani |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.27 – 0.34 | 0.27 – 0.34 | Mpweya wapakati |
| Si | 0.90 – 1.20 | 0.90 – 1.20 | — |
| Mn | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | — |
| Cr | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | Zimathandiza kuti kuuma kukhale kolimba |
| S | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
Katundu wofunikira wa makina:
Mphamvu yokoka: ≥ 420 MPa
Mphamvu yotulutsa: ≥ 235 MPa
Kutalika: ≥ 24%
Kulimba kwa mphamvu: ≥ 35 J/cm²
Kuuma: ≤ 207 HB
3. Kutanthauzira Koyenera
GOST 8732-78
Kukula kwake: OD 32 – 426 mm, makulidwe a khoma 2.5 – 75 mm (magwero ena amasonyeza mpaka 75 mm)
Kutalika: Kawirikawiri 4.0 - 12.5 m
Magiredi achitsulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito: Zonse zitsulo za kaboni ndi alloy (monga, zitsulo za alloy 12Kh1MF, ndi zina zotero)
GOST 8731-74
Chigawo: Mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika chopanda chotentha chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse cha carbon ndi alloy steels
Zinthu zofunika: Kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, njira zoyesera, malamulo owunikira, zofunikira pakuchiza kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi GOST 8732-78
4. Zofunika Kwambiri Zoganizira Zokhudza Kupanga
Chipangizochi ndi chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni chomwe chimafuna kuwongolera kwambiri njira yogwirira ntchito. Samalani kwambiri izi:
4.1 Kulamulira Zinthu Zopangira
Ma billets ayenera kupangidwa ndi maluwa ozungulira achitsulo. Yang'anani mosamala kapangidwe ka mankhwala kuti akwaniritse zofunikira (S & P yochepa kuti mupewe ming'alu).
Sankhani ma billets ochokera ku mphero zazikulu zomwe zili ndi luso lachitsulo (monga Baosteel, Valin Steel, Hengyang) zomwe zikutsimikizira kuti mkati mwake muli mpweya wochepa, palibe zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuphatikizidwa).
4.2 Kulamulira Kutentha kwa Kutentha
Kutentha kwa ma billets: 1150 - 1250 °C; onetsetsani kutentha kofanana kuchokera pakati mpaka pamwamba kuti mupewe kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha pang'ono.
Lamulirani mosamala nthawi yotenthetsera ndi mlengalenga kuti mupewe kuwononga mpweya pamwamba (zimakhudza kuuma ndi mphamvu ya pamwamba).
4.3 Kuwongolera Kusintha ndi Kupanga
Onetsetsani kufanana kwa makulidwe a khoma kuti muwonetsetse kuti OD ndi makulidwe a khoma zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Pa njira yoboola, gwiritsani ntchito njira yochepetsera pang'ono musanagwiritse ntchito pulagi kuti mupewe zolakwika zamkati monga kupunduka kapena ming'alu.
4.4 Kuchiza Kutentha (Kofunika Kwambiri!)
30KhGSA ndi chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa chapakati-chiyenera kutenthedwa + kutenthedwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira. Pambuyo pozimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa, chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba kokwanira. Mafotokozedwe achizolowezi a kutentha: kuzimitsidwa pa 880 °C, kuzizira kwa mafuta; kuzimitsidwa pa 540 °C, kuzizira kwa madzi kapena mafuta. Makhalidwe a makina pambuyo pozimitsidwa kutentha ayenera kuyesedwa mosamala malinga ndi muyezo.
4.5 Kuyang'anira Ubwino
Kuyesa kosawononga: Malinga ndi zofunikira, chitoliro chilichonse chiyenera kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a ultrasound (UT) kapena eddy current (ET).
Kuyesa kwa katundu wa makina: Zitsanzo ziyenera kutengedwa pa gulu lililonse la mayeso omangika, kugwedezeka, kuphwanyika/kupindika.
Kuyang'ana kofanana ndi kowonera: Chitoliro chilichonse chimafufuzidwa ngati chili ndi OD, makulidwe a khoma, kutalika, mtundu wa pamwamba, bevel yomaliza, ndi zina zotero.
5. Mapulogalamu ndi Zofunikira Zotumizira Kunja
Mapaipi opanda msoko a zinthuzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ndege, kupanga zinthu zankhondo, uinjiniya wamakina (ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri), komanso ma shaft olemera, magiya, masamba a compressor, ndi zina zotero.
Mukatumiza katundu ku Russia, kutsatira malamulo a Eurasian Customs Union Technical Regulation TR CU 032/2013 (Safety of Pressure Equipment) ndikofunikira. Ndikofunikira kutsimikizira zofunikira za satifiketi ya EAC ndi kasitomala pasadakhale ndikuphatikiza chithandizo chaukadaulo chofunikira mu mtengo.
Ngati kasitomala apereka chitsulo ndi muyezo wokha popanda kutchula OD, makulidwe a khoma, kutalika ndi kuchuluka kwake, funsani kaye izi musanatchule kuti mupewe zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pake.
Mukayankha, tchulani mfundo zofunika monga kusagwira bwino ntchito ndi satifiketi ya EAC kuti muwonetse ukatswiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-01-2026
