15Mo3 (15MoG): Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo mu DIN17175 standard. Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha carbon molybdenum chaching'ono cha boiler ndi superheater, komanso chitsulo chotentha chamtundu wa pearlescent. Mu 1995, chinasamutsidwa kuGB5310ndipo dzina lake ndi 15MoG. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kosavuta, koma kali ndi molybdenum, kotero kali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni pomwe kamakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino komanso mtengo wotsika, chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chitsulochi chimakhala ndi chizolowezi chojambula zithunzi pambuyo pa ntchito yayitali kutentha kwambiri, kotero kutentha kwake kogwira ntchito kuyenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 510℃, ndipo kuchuluka kwa Al komwe kumawonjezeredwa mu kusungunula kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti kulamulire ndikuchedwetsa njira yojambula zithunzi. Chubu chachitsulo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa superheater yotsika kutentha komanso reheater yotsika kutentha. Kutentha kwa khoma kuli pansi pa 510℃. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala C0.12-0.20, SI0.10-0.35, MN0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, MO0.25-0.35; Mphamvu yachibadwa ndi σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Plastiki ya delta 22 kapena kupitirira apo.

15CrMoG:GB5310Chitsulo cha -95 (chofanana ndi chitsulo cha 1CR-1/2Mo ndi chitsulo cha 11/4CR-1/2MO-Si chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi), kuchuluka kwa chromium yake kumakhala kokwera kuposa chitsulo cha 12CrMo, kotero chimakhala ndi mphamvu yotentha kwambiri pa 500-550℃. Kutentha kukapitirira 550℃, mphamvu yotentha ya chitsulo imachepa kwambiri. Chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa 500-550℃, graphitization siimachitika, koma carbide spheroidization ndi alloying element redistribution zimachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotentha ya chitsulocho ichepe. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi kukana bwino kupumula pa 450℃. Ntchito yake yopanga mapaipi ndi kuwotcherera ndi yabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati ngalande ya nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri komanso yapakatikati komanso bokosi lolumikizira ndi magawo a nthunzi pansi pa 550℃, chubu cha superheater chokhala ndi kutentha kwa khoma pansi pa 560℃, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, MN0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR0.80-1.10, MO0.40-0.55; Pansi pa mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wa kutentha, mulingo wa mphamvu σs≥235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plastiki delta p 21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22ndiASME SA213 (SA335) zipangizo zamakhodi, zomwe zili muGB5310-95. Mu mndandanda wa zitsulo za CR-Mo, mphamvu yake yotenthetsera imakhala yokwera kwambiri, mphamvu yokhazikika yofanana ndi kutentha komanso kupsinjika kovomerezeka kuposa chitsulo cha 9CR-1Mo, kotero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mphamvu yakunja yotenthetsera, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi zombo zopanikizika. Komabe, chuma chake chaukadaulo ndi chotsika poyerekeza ndi 12Cr1MoV yathu, kotero sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga boiler yamagetsi yotenthetsera yapakhomo. Gwiritsani ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakufunika (makamaka ikapangidwa ndikupangidwa motsatira ASME code). Chitsulocho sichikhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndipo chili ndi pulasitiki yolimba komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino owetera. Chubu chaching'ono cha T22 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati kutentha kwa khoma lachitsulo pansi pa 580℃ superheater ndi chubu chotenthetsera chobwezeretsanso, ndi zina zotero.P22Chubu chachikulu m'mimba mwake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakhoma lachitsulo kutentha kosapitirira 565℃ superheater/reheater coupling box ndi chitoliro chachikulu cha nthunzi. Mankhwala ake a C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, CR1.90-2.60, MO0.87-1.13; Pansi pa mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wa kutentha, mphamvu ya σs≥280, σb≥450-600 MPa; pulasitiki ya delta 20 kapena kuposerapo.

12Cr1MoVG:GB5310Chitsulo chokhazikika cha -95 nano, ndi chotenthetsera chapamwamba chamkati, chotenthetsera champhamvu kwambiri, chotenthetsera champhamvu cha subcritical plant, bokosi losonkhanitsira ndi chitsulo chachikulu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a makina a mbale ya 12Cr1MoV ndizofanana. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ake ndi kosavuta, kuchuluka kwa aloyi konsekonse ndi kochepera 2%, chifukwa cha chitsulo chotsika cha kaboni, chotsika cha pearlescent cha mtundu wa chitsulo chotentha champhamvu. Vanadium imatha kupanga carbide yokhazikika VC ndi kaboni, zomwe zimapangitsa chromium ndi molybdenum mu chitsulo kukhalapo mu ferrite, ndikuchepetsa liwiro losamutsa chromium ndi molybdenum kuchokera ku ferrite kupita ku carbide, kotero kuti chitsulocho chikhale chokhazikika kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zophatikizidwa mu chitsulochi ndi theka lokha la chitsulo cha 2.25 CR-1Mo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja, koma mphamvu yolimba pa 580℃ ndi 100,000 maola ndi 40% kuposa ya yomaliza. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yopangira ndi yosavuta ndipo magwiridwe antchito a welding ndi abwino. Bola ngati njira yochizira kutentha ndi yokhwima, magwiridwe antchito onse komanso mphamvu ya kutentha zimatha kukwaniritsidwa. Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa siteshoni yamagetsi kukuwonetsa kuti payipi yayikulu ya nthunzi ya 12Cr1MoV ikhoza kugwiritsidwabe ntchito pambuyo pa ntchito yotetezeka pa 540℃ kwa maola 100,000. Chubu chachikulu cha m'mimba mwake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati bokosi losonkhanitsira ndi ngalande yayikulu ya nthunzi ya paramita ya nthunzi pansi pa 565℃, ndipo chubu chaching'ono cha m'mimba mwake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chubu chotenthetsera pamwamba pa boiler cha kutentha kwa khoma lachitsulo pansi pa 580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102):Gb5310-95 mu chitsulo, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha China m'ma 1960, chitsulo chotentha cha mtundu wa Bainite, kuyambira m'ma 1970 chinaphatikizidwa mu Unduna wa Zachitsulo, muyezo wa YB529-70 ndipo tsopano muyezo wa dziko lonse, kumapeto kwa 1980 chitsulocho chinapangidwa kudzera mu Unduna wa Zachitsulo, Unduna wa Makina ndi Unduna wa Zamagetsi. Chitsulocho chili ndi makhalidwe abwino a makina, ndipo mphamvu yake yotentha ndi kutentha kwa ntchito zake ndizokwera kuposa zitsulo zofanana kunja, kufika pamlingo wa zitsulo zina za chromium-nickel austenitic pa 620℃. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chitsulocho chili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zosakaniza, ndipo chinawonjezeredwanso kuti chiwongolere kukana kwa okosijeni kwa zinthu monga Cr, Si, kotero kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito kumatha kufika 620℃. Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa siteshoni yamagetsi kukuwonetsa kuti kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo sizisintha kwambiri pambuyo pa ntchito yayitali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chubu cha superheater ndi chubu chobwezeretsanso kutentha kwa boiler yokhala ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤620℃. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, MN0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR1.60-2.10, MO0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, TI0.08-0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; Pansi pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, mulingo wa mphamvu σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa; Plastiki delta p 18.

Sa-213t91 (335P91): Nambala yachitsulo muASME SA-213(335) muyezo. Yapangidwa ndi Rubber Ridge National Laboratory ya ku United States of America, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphamvu ya nyukiliya (ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazinthu zina) zigawo zopondereza kutentha kwambiri za zinthuzo, chitsulocho chimachokera ku chitsulo cha T9 (9CR-1MO), chomwe chili ndi malire a kaboni, chimayang'anira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa P ndi S ndi zinthu zina zotsalira nthawi imodzi. Mtundu watsopano wa chitsulo cholimba cha ferritic chomwe sichimatentha kwambiri chinapangidwa powonjezera kuchuluka kwa 0.030-0.070% N, 0.18-0.25% V ndi 0.06-0.10% Nb kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira pakukonzanso tirigu. NdiASME SA-213chitsulo chokhazikika cha mzati, chomwe chinabzalidwa muGB5310muyezo mu 1995 ndipo giredi ndi 10Cr9Mo1VNb. Muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa ISO/ DIS9399-2 walembedwa kuti X10 CRMOVNB9-1.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chromium (9%), kukana kwake okosijeni, kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso kusagwiritsa ntchito graphitization kuli bwino kuposa chitsulo chotsika cha alloy. Molybdenum (1%) imakulitsa mphamvu yotentha kwambiri ndikuletsa kutentha kwa chitsulo cha chromium. Poyerekeza ndi T9, mphamvu zowotcherera ndi kutentha zimawonjezeka, mphamvu yolimba pa 600℃ ndi katatu kuposa yomaliza, ndipo kukana kutentha kwapamwamba kwa chitsulo cha T9 (9CR-1Mo) kumasungidwa. Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, coefficient yowonjezera ndi yaying'ono, mphamvu yotenthetsera ndi yabwino, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri (monga TP304 austenitic steel ratio, mpaka kutentha kwamphamvu kufika 625℃, kutentha kofanana ndi 607℃). Chifukwa chake, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakanika, kapangidwe kokhazikika ndi zinthu zisanayambe komanso zitakalamba, mphamvu zabwino zowotcherera ndi njira, mphamvu yolimba kwambiri komanso kukana okosijeni. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa superheater ndi reheater yokhala ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤650℃ mu boiler. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, CR8.00-9.50, MO0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04, NB0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; Mu mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wa kutentha, mulingo wa mphamvu ndi σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa; Deta ya pulasitiki ndi 20 kapena kuposerapo.