20G: Ndi nambala yachitsulo yomwe yatchulidwa ya GB5310-95 (mitundu yofanana yakunja: st45.8 ku Germany, STB42 ku Japan, ndi SA106B ku United States). Ndi chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mapaipi achitsulo cha boiler. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a makina ndizofanana ndi za mbale 20 zachitsulo. Chitsulocho chili ndi mphamvu inayake pa kutentha kwabwinobwino komanso kutentha kwapakati komanso kwapamwamba, mpweya wochepa, kulimba bwino komanso kuzizira bwino komanso kutentha. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapayipi a boiler okhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba komanso yapamwamba, ma superheater, ma reheater, ma economizer ndi makoma amadzi m'gawo lotentha pang'ono; monga mapaipi ang'onoang'ono otenthetsera mapaipi pamwamba pa khoma okhala ndi kutentha kwa khoma kwa ≤500℃, ndi makoma a madzi. Mapaipi, mapaipi ochulukitsa, ndi zina zotero, mapaipi akuluakulu a mapaipi a nthunzi ndi mitu (economizer, khoma la madzi, superheater yotsika kutentha ndi mutu wobwezeretsanso kutentha) okhala ndi kutentha kwa khoma kwa ≤450℃, ndi mapaipi okhala ndi kutentha kwapakati kwa ≤450℃. Zowonjezera ndi zina zotero. Popeza chitsulo cha kaboni chidzasinthidwa kukhala graphit ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa 450°C, kutentha kwakukulu kogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chubu chotenthetsera pamwamba kumakhala kochepera 450°C. Pa kutentha kumeneku, mphamvu ya chitsulo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ma superheater ndi mapaipi a nthunzi, ndipo ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa okosijeni, kulimba kwa pulasitiki, magwiridwe antchito a welding ndi zinthu zina zotenthetsera ndi kuzizira, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ng'anjo ya ku Iran (kutanthauza gawo limodzi) ndi chitoliro choyambitsa zimbudzi (kuchuluka kwake ndi matani 28), chitoliro choyambitsa madzi a nthunzi (matani 20), chitoliro cholumikizira nthunzi (matani 26), ndi mutu wa economizer (matani 8). ), dongosolo la madzi lochotsa kutentha kwambiri (matani 5), zotsalazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chosalala ndi zida zomangira (pafupifupi matani 86).

SA-210C (25MnG): Ndi chitsulo chamtundu wa ASME SA-210. Ndi chubu chaching'ono cha chitsulo cha kaboni-manganese cha ma boiler ndi ma superheater, ndipo ndi chitsulo cholimba ndi kutentha kwa pearlite. China idachisamutsira ku GB5310 mu 1995 ndipo idachitcha 25MnG. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kosavuta kupatula kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi manganese, zina zonse ndizofanana ndi 20G, kotero mphamvu yake yobereka ndi pafupifupi 20% kuposa 20G, ndipo pulasitiki yake ndi kulimba kwake ndizofanana ndi 20G. Chitsulocho chili ndi njira yosavuta yopangira komanso chimagwira ntchito bwino yozizira komanso yotentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa 20G kungachepetse makulidwe a khoma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, Pakadali pano kumawonjezera kutentha kwa boiler. Gawo lake logwiritsira ntchito ndi kutentha kwake ndizofanana ndi 20G, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa khoma lamadzi, economizer, superheater yotsika kutentha ndi zina zomwe kutentha kwake kuli kotsika kuposa 500℃.

SA-106C: Ndi chitsulo chamtundu wa ASME SA-106. Ndi chitoliro cha chitsulo cha carbon-manganese cha ma boiler akuluakulu ndi ma superheaters otentha kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kosavuta komanso kofanana ndi chitsulo cha kaboni cha 20G, koma kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi manganese ndi kwakukulu, kotero mphamvu yake yobereka ndi pafupifupi 12% kuposa ya 20G, ndipo pulasitiki yake ndi kulimba kwake sizoyipa. Chitsulocho chili ndi njira yosavuta yopangira komanso chimagwira ntchito bwino yozizira komanso yotentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa ma headers a 20G (economizer, water wall, low-temperature superheater ndi reheater header) kungachepetse makulidwe a khoma ndi pafupifupi 10%, zomwe zingapulumutse ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kuchepetsa ntchito yowotcherera, ndikukweza ma headers. Kusiyana kwa nkhawa pakuyambitsa.

15Mo3 (15MoG): Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo mu muyezo wa DIN17175. Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha carbon-molybdenum chaching'ono cha boiler superheater, Pakadali pano ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri pa kutentha. China idachisamutsira ku GB5310 mu 1995 ndipo idachitcha 15MoG. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kosavuta, koma kali ndi molybdenum, kotero ngakhale kuti ikugwira ntchito mofanana ndi chitsulo cha carbon, mphamvu yake yotentha ndi yabwino kuposa chitsulo cha carbon. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino komanso mtengo wake wotsika, chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chitsulochi chimakhala ndi chizolowezi cha graphitization pakagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri, kotero kutentha kwake kuyenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 510℃, ndipo kuchuluka kwa Al komwe kumawonjezedwa panthawi yosungunulira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti kulamulire ndikuchedwetsa njira ya graphitization. Chitoliro chachitsulochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma superheater otsika kutentha komanso ma reheater otsika kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa khoma kuli pansi pa 510℃. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; mulingo wabwinobwino wa mphamvu ya moto ndi σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Kusungunuka kwa δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Ndi chitsulo chamtundu wa ASME SA-209. Ndi chubu chachitsulo cha carbon-molybdenum chaching'ono cha ma boiler ndi ma superheater, ndipo ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri pa kutentha. China idachisamutsira ku GB5310 mu 1995 ndipo idachitcha 20MoG. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kosavuta, koma kali ndi molybdenum, kotero ngakhale kuti ikugwira ntchito mofanana ndi chitsulo cha carbon, mphamvu yake yotentha ndi yabwino kuposa chitsulo cha carbon. Komabe, chitsulocho chimakhala ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito graphitize pakapita nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri, kotero kutentha kwake kuyenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 510℃ ndikuletsa kutentha kwambiri. Panthawi yosungunulira, kuchuluka kwa Al komwe kumawonjezeredwa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti kulamulire ndikuchedwetsa njira yogwiritsira ntchito graphitize. Chitoliro chachitsulochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu monga makoma ozizira ndi madzi, ma superheater ndi ma reheater, ndipo kutentha kwa khoma kuli pansi pa 510℃. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; mulingo wa mphamvu wabwinobwino σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; pulasitiki δ≥30.

15CrMoG: ndi mtundu wa chitsulo wa GB5310-95 (wofanana ndi zitsulo za 1Cr-1/2Mo ndi 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi). Kuchuluka kwa chromium yake ndi kokwera kuposa kwa chitsulo cha 12CrMo, kotero imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zotentha. Kutentha kukapitirira 550℃, mphamvu zake zotentha zimachepa kwambiri. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa 500-550℃, graphitization sidzachitika, koma carbide spheroidization ndi kugawanso kwa zinthu zosakaniza zidzachitika, zomwe zonse zimapangitsa kutentha kwa chitsulo. Mphamvu yake imachepa, ndipo chitsulocho chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kopumula pa 450°C. Kuchita kwake bwino popanga mapaipi ndi njira yolumikizira ndikwabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mapaipi a nthunzi okwera komanso apakatikati okhala ndi magawo a nthunzi pansi pa 550℃, machubu a superheater okhala ndi kutentha kwa khoma la chubu pansi pa 560℃, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; mulingo wa mphamvu σs≥ mu mkhalidwe wabwinobwino 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Kusungunuka δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) ndi zipangizo zokhazikika za ASME SA213 (SA335), zomwe zalembedwa ku China GB5310-95. Mu mndandanda wa zitsulo za Cr-Mo, mphamvu yake yotenthetsera ndi yokwera kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yake yopirira komanso kupsinjika komwe kuloledwa pa kutentha komweko ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa chitsulo cha 9Cr-1Mo. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphamvu yakunja yotenthetsera, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi zombo zopanikizika. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito. Koma chuma chake chaukadaulo sichili bwino ngati 12Cr1MoV ya dziko langa, kotero sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga boiler yamagetsi yotenthetsera yapakhomo. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati wogwiritsa ntchito apempha (makamaka pamene chapangidwa ndikupangidwa motsatira malangizo a ASME). Chitsulocho sichimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, chili ndi pulasitiki yolimba komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino owetera. Machubu ang'onoang'ono a T22 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati machubu otenthetsera pamwamba pa ma superheater ndi ma reheater omwe kutentha kwa khoma lawo kuli pansi pa 580℃, pomwe machubu a P22 akuluakulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma superheater/reheater omwe kutentha kwa khoma lawo sikupitirira 565℃. Bokosi ndi chitoliro chachikulu cha nthunzi. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; mulingo wa mphamvu σs≥280, σb≥ pansi pa kutentha kwabwino 450-600 MPa; Plasticity δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Ndi chitsulo cholembedwa cha GB5310-95, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maboiler otenthetsera mphamvu kwambiri, opanikizika kwambiri, komanso ma boiler ofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba, ma headers ndi mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a makina ndizofanana ndi za pepala la 12Cr1MoV. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ake ndi kosavuta, kuchuluka kwa alloy kuli kochepera 2%, ndipo ndi chitsulo chotentha cha pearlite chotsika kwambiri. Pakati pawo, vanadium imatha kupanga carbide yokhazikika VC yokhala ndi kaboni, yomwe ingapangitse chromium ndi molybdenum mu chitsulo kukhalapo mu ferrite, ndikuchepetsa liwiro losamutsa chromium ndi molybdenum kuchokera ku ferrite kupita ku carbide, zomwe zimapangitsa chitsulocho kukhala chokhazikika kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zophatikizika mu chitsulochi ndi theka lokha la chitsulo cha 2.25Cr-1Mo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja, koma mphamvu yake yopirira pa 580℃ ndi 100,000 maola ndi 40% kuposa chomaliza; ndipo njira yake yopangira ndi yosavuta, ndipo ntchito yake yowotcherera ndi yabwino. Bola ngati njira yochiritsira kutentha ndi yokhwima, magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso mphamvu ya kutentha ingapezeke. Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa siteshoni yamagetsi kukuwonetsa kuti payipi yayikulu ya nthunzi ya 12Cr1MoV ikhoza kupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa maola 100,000 yogwira ntchito bwino pa 540°C. Mapaipi akuluakulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mitu ndi mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi okhala ndi magawo a nthunzi pansi pa 565℃, ndipo mapaipi ang'onoang'ono a m'mimba mwake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi otenthetsera pamwamba pa boiler okhala ndi kutentha kwa khoma lachitsulo pansi pa 580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Ndi chitsulo cha GB5310-95. Ndi chitsulo chotentha cha bainite chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa, chopanda mpweya wokwanira (chinthu chochepa cha multiple) chomwe chinapangidwa ndikupangidwa ndi dziko langa m'zaka za m'ma 1960. Chaphatikizidwa mu Unduna wa Zachitsulo Standard YB529 kuyambira m'ma 1970 -70 ndi muyezo wadziko lonse womwe ulipo. Kumapeto kwa 1980, chitsulocho chinavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitsulo, Unduna wa Makina ndi Mphamvu Zamagetsi. Chitsulocho chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakanika, ndipo mphamvu zake zotentha komanso kutentha kwa ntchito kumaposa zitsulo zakunja zofanana, kufika pamlingo wa zitsulo zina za chromium-nickel austenitic pa 620℃. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zosakaniza zomwe zili mu chitsulo, ndipo zinthu monga Cr, Si, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa okosijeni zimawonjezedwanso, kotero kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito kumatha kufika 620°C. Kagwiridwe kake ka magetsi kanasonyeza kuti dongosolo ndi magwiridwe antchito a chitoliro chachitsulo sizinasinthe kwambiri pambuyo pa ntchito yayitali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chubu cha superheater ndi chubu chobwezeretsanso cha boiler ya parameter yapamwamba kwambiri yokhala ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤620℃. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ake ndi C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; mulingo wa mphamvu σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa mu mkhalidwe wabwino wotenthetsera; pulasitiki δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Ndi chitsulo chamtundu wa ASME SA-213 (335) muyezo. Ndi chinthu chopangira mphamvu ya nyukiliya yotenthedwa kwambiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'madera ena) yopangidwa ndi Rubber Ridge National Laboratory ku United States. Chitsulocho chimachokera ku chitsulo cha T9 (9Cr-1Mo), ndipo chimangokhala ndi malire apamwamba ndi otsika a kaboni. , Ngakhale kuti chimayang'anira kwambiri zomwe zili mu zinthu zotsalira monga P ndi S, pali 0.030-0.070% ya N, pali chitsulo champhamvu chopanga carbide cha 0.18-0.25% ya V ndi 0.06-0.10% ya Nb chomwe chimawonjezedwa kuti chikwaniritse kukonzedwa. Mtundu watsopano wa chitsulo cholimba cha ferritic chomwe sichimatentha chimapangidwa ndi zofunikira za tirigu; Ndi chitsulo cholembedwa cha ASME SA-213, ndipo China idasamutsa chitsulocho ku muyezo wa GB5310 mu 1995, ndipo kalasiyo idakhazikitsidwa ngati 10Cr9Mo1VNb; ndipo muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa ISO/ DIS9329-2 udalembedwa ngati X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chromium (9%), kukana kwake okosijeni, kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri komanso kusagwiritsa ntchito graphitization kuli bwino kuposa zitsulo zochepa za alloy. Chomera cha molybdenum (1%) chimakulitsa mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri ndikuletsa chitsulo cha chromium. Kufooka kwa kutentha; Poyerekeza ndi T9, ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a welding komanso magwiridwe antchito a kutentha, kulimba kwake pa 600°C ndi katatu kuposa kwachiwiri, ndipo imasunga kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa kutentha kwambiri kwa chitsulo cha T9 (9Cr-1Mo); Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chili ndi mphamvu yocheperako yokulitsa, mphamvu yabwino yotenthetsera kutentha, komanso mphamvu yolimba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi chitsulo cha austenitic cha TP304, dikirani mpaka kutentha kwamphamvu kukhale 625°C, ndipo kutentha kofananako ndi 607°C). Chifukwa chake, chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zogwirira ntchito, kapangidwe kokhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito isanayambe komanso itatha kukalamba, magwiridwe antchito abwino a welding ndi magwiridwe antchito, kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana okosijeni. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma superheaters ndi ma reheaters okhala ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤650℃ mu ma boilers. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; mulingo wa mphamvu σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa mu mkhalidwe wabwino wa kutentha; plasticity δ≥20.