Chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chiŵerengero chakunja kwa mainchesi ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi chochepera 20 chimatchedwa chitoliro chachitsulo cha khoma lokhuthala.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mapaipi obowola mafuta, mapaipi osweka a mafakitale a petrochemical, mapaipi a boiler, mapaipi onyamula katundu ndi mapaipi opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri pamagalimoto, mathirakitala, ndi ndege.

Njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika

1. Kugubuduza kotentha (chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chotulutsidwa): chubu chozungulira chozungulira → kutentha → kuboola → kugubuduza kopingasa kwa mipukutu itatu, kugubuduza kosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuchotsa chitoliro → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) → kuziziritsa → Kuwongola → mayeso a hydraulic (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → kulemba chizindikiro → malo osungiramo zinthu.

Zipangizo zopangira mapaipi osapindika ndi chitoliro chozungulira. Ma billet ozungulira amadulidwa ndi makina odulira mu billet yotalika pafupifupi mita imodzi ndikutumizidwa ku uvuni kuti akatenthetsedwe kudzera mu lamba wonyamulira. Billet imalowetsedwa mu uvuni ndikutenthedwa kutentha kwa madigiri pafupifupi 1200 Celsius. Mafuta ndi hydrogen kapena acetylene. Kulamulira kutentha mu uvuni ndi vuto lalikulu. Chubu chozungulira chikatuluka mu uvuni, chiyenera kubooledwa kudzera mu makina obowola mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, makina oboolera odziwika kwambiri ndi makina oboolera ozungulira. Mtundu uwu wa makina oboolera umakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopangira, khalidwe labwino la malonda, kukula kwakukulu kwa m'mimba mwake, ndipo ukhoza kuvala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo. Pambuyo poboolera, billet yozungulira ya chubu imazunguliridwa motsatizana, kuzunguliridwa mosalekeza kapena kutulutsidwa ndi mipukutu itatu. Mukakanikiza, chotsani chubucho ndikuchikonza. Makina okulirapo amazungulira mwachangu kwambiri kudzera mu choboolera chozungulira kuti aboole mabowo mu chitsulo chopanda kanthu kuti apange chitoliro chachitsulo. M'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chachitsulo umatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chobowolera cha makina oyezera kukula. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikakula, chimalowa mu nsanja yoziziritsira ndipo chimazizidwa ndi kupopera madzi. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikazizira, chimawongoleredwa. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikawongoleredwa, chimatumizidwa ku chowunikira zolakwika zachitsulo (kapena mayeso a hydraulic) ndi lamba wonyamulira kuti chizindikire zolakwika zamkati. Ngati pali ming'alu, thovu, ndi zina zotero mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo, chidzazindikirika. Pambuyo poyang'ana ubwino wa mapaipi achitsulo, kusankha mwanzeru pamanja ndikofunikira. Pambuyo poyang'ana ubwino wa chitoliro chachitsulo, penta nambala yotsatizana, specification, nambala ya batch yopangira, ndi zina zotero ndi utoto. Chimakwezedwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi crane.

2. Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chokokedwa (chopindidwa) chopanda msoko: chubu chozungulira chozungulira chogwirira ntchito → kutentha → kuboola → mutu → kuphimba → kusakaniza → kupukuta mafuta (kuphimba mkuwa) → kukongoletsa kozizira kopitilira muyeso (kuzungulira kozizira) → chubu chogwirira ntchito → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → madzi Kuyesa kupsinjika (kupeza zolakwika) → chizindikiro → malo osungiramo zinthu.

Kupanga mapaipi kopanda msoko - chitoliro chotenthetsera, chitoliro chozizira chozungulira, chitoliro chokokedwa chozizira, chitoliro chotulutsidwa, kuyika chitoliro

1. Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha kapangidwe kake (GB/T8162-1999) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe ka makina.

2. Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko wonyamulira madzi (GB/T8163-1999) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi, mafuta, gasi ndi madzi ena.

3. Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko a ma boiler okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso zapakati (GB3087-1999) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi a nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, mapaipi amadzi otentha a ma boiler okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso zapakati amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mapaipi a nthunzi yotentha kwambiri ya ma boiler a locomotive, mapaipi akuluakulu amoto, mapaipi ang'onoang'ono amoto ndi njerwa za arch. Chitsulo chapamwamba cha carbon structural machubu achitsulo chosasunthika chotentha komanso chokokedwa ozizira.

4. Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko a ma boiler okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (GB5310-1995) ndi achitsulo cha kaboni chapamwamba kwambiri, alloy steel ndi mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosagwira kutentha omwe amatenthetsa pamwamba pa ma boiler amadzi okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ...

5. Mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika champhamvu cha zida za feteleza (GB6479-2000) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chosungunuka cha kaboni chapamwamba kwambiri komanso chitsulo chosungunuka cha alloy choyenera zida zamakemikolo ndi mapaipi okhala ndi kutentha kwa -40~400℃ ndi kuthamanga kwa ntchito kwa 10~30Ma.

6. Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko wopangira mafuta (GB9948-88) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito machubu a uvuni, zosinthira kutentha ndi mapaipi m'malo opangira mafuta.

7. Mapaipi achitsulo obowolera zinthu za m'nthaka (YB235-70) ndi mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowolera zinthu za m'kati mwa nthaka ndi madipatimenti a za m'nthaka. Amagawika m'mapaipi obowolera zinthu, makola obowolera zinthu, mapaipi a m'kati, mapaipi oikamo zinthu ndi mapaipi osungira zinthu za m'nthaka malinga ndi ntchito zawo.

8. Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko wobowola diamondi core (GB3423-82) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko wobowola diamondi core, ndodo za core, ndi zikwama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola diamondi core.

9. Chitoliro chobowolera mafuta (YB528-65) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhuthala mkati kapena kunja mbali zonse ziwiri za kubowolera mafuta. Mapaipi achitsulo amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: waya ndi yopanda waya. Mapaipi olumikizidwa ndi waya amalumikizidwa ndi malo olumikizirana, ndipo mapaipi osalumikizidwa ndi waya amalumikizidwa ndi malo olumikizirana zida pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha matako.

10. Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda chitsulo cha kaboni cha zombo (GB5213-85) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chopanda chitsulo cha kaboni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi opanikizika a Class I, mapaipi opanikizika a Class II, ma boiler ndi ma superheater. Kutentha kwa khoma la mapaipi osagwirizana a carbon steel sikopitirira 450℃, pomwe khoma la mapaipi osagwirizana a chitsulo cha alloy silipitirira 450℃.

11. Machubu achitsulo chopanda msoko a manja a ma axle a magalimoto (GB3088-82) ndi machubu achitsulo cha carbon structural ndi alloy structural steel apamwamba kwambiri opangidwa ndi machubu achitsulo chosasunthika chopangidwa ndi hot-rolled for machubu a manja a ma axle a magalimoto ndi machubu a ma axle a drive axle.

12. Mapaipi amafuta opanikizika kwambiri a injini za dizilo (GB3093-86) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika omwe amakokedwa ozizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi opanikizika kwambiri a makina ojambulira injini za dizilo.

13. Mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika chamkati mwa mainchesi a hydraulic ndi pneumatic (GB8713-88) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika chosasunthika chokokedwa kapena chozizira okhala ndi mainchesi enieni amkati opangira ma silinda a hydraulic ndi pneumatic.

14. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chokokedwa kapena chozizira (GB3639-83) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chokokedwa kapena chozizira cholondola kwambiri chokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe abwino a kapangidwe ka makina ndi zida za hydraulic. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika bwino popanga zomangamanga za makina kapena zida za hydraulic kungapulumutse kwambiri nthawi yogwirira ntchito, kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, komanso nthawi yomweyo kumathandiza kukonza khalidwe la zinthu.

15. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga dzimbiri (GB/T14975-1994) ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri komanso zigawo zake zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala, mafuta, nsalu, zamankhwala, chakudya, makina ndi mafakitale ena (Otulutsidwa, owonjezeredwa) ndi machubu achitsulo chozizira (opindidwa).

16. Mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga dzimbiri chonyamulira madzi (GB/T14976-1994) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chotenthedwa (chotulutsidwa, chokulitsidwa) ndi mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokokedwa (chopindidwa) chozizira chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chonyamulira madzi.

17. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chooneka ngati wapadera ndi mawu ofala a mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe opingasa kupatula mapaipi ozungulira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kosiyana kwa gawo la chitoliro chachitsulo, chingagawidwe m'magawo awiri: chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chooneka ngati wapadera (code D), chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chooneka ngati wapadera (code BD), ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chooneka ngati wapadera (code BJ). Mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chooneka ngati wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a kapangidwe kake, zida ndi zida zamakanika. Poyerekeza ndi mapaipi ozungulira, mapaipi ooneka ngati apadera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya inertia ndi section modulus, ndipo amakhala ndi kupindika kwakukulu ndi kukana kupotoka, komwe kungachepetse kwambiri kulemera kwa kapangidwe kake ndikusunga chitsulo.

Kawirikawiri, mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika amapangidwa ndi zitsulo za kaboni 10, 20, 30, 35, 45 ndi zina zapamwamba monga zitsulo za kaboni 16Mn, 5MnV ndi zitsulo zina zotsika kapena 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB ndi zitsulo zina zophatikizika pogwiritsa ntchito kugwedezeka kotentha kapena kugwedezeka kozizira. Mapaipi opanda msoko opangidwa ndi zitsulo zotsika mpweya monga 10 ndi 20 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mapaipi oyendera madzi. Mapaipi opanda msoko opangidwa ndi zitsulo zapakati za kaboni monga 45 ndi 40Cr amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakanika, monga zigawo zopanikizika zamagalimoto ndi mathirakitala.　Kawirikawiri, mapaipi achitsulo osapindika ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mphamvu ndi kupeta. Mapaipi achitsulo opindika otentha amaperekedwa mu mkhalidwe wopindika wotentha kapena wokonzedwa ndi kutentha; mapaipi achitsulo opindika ozizira amaperekedwa mu mkhalidwe wotentheka wotentha. Mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko a ma boiler otsika ndi apakati: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma boiler osiyanasiyana otsika ndi apakati, machubu a nthunzi otentha kwambiri, machubu amadzi otentha, machubu amadzi owiritsa, machubu amadzi omakoma ndi machubu a nthunzi otentha kwambiri a ma boiler a locomotive, machubu akuluakulu a utsi, machubu ang'onoang'ono a utsi ndi machubu a njerwa zokhotakhota.

　　Gwiritsani ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chapamwamba kwambiri chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chotentha kapena chozizira (chozungulira) chopanda msoko. Chimapangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo Nambala 10 ndi Nambala 20. Kuwonjezera pa kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala ndi zinthu zake zili bwino, mayeso a hydraulic, monga kukwinya, kuphulika, ndi kuphwanyika, ayenera kuchitidwa. Zinthu zotentha zimaperekedwa ngati zitenthedwa, ndipo zinthu zozizira zimaperekedwa ngati zitenthedwa.

18.GB18248-2000 (Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha masilinda a gasi) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga masilinda osiyanasiyana a gasi ndi hydraulic. Zipangizo zake zoyimira ndi 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, ndi zina zotero.

Dziwani mapaipi achitsulo obodza komanso otsika okhala ndi makoma olimba

1. Mapaipi achitsulo obodza okhala ndi makoma okhuthala ndi osavuta kupindika.

2. Mapaipi achitsulo obodza okhala ndi makoma okhuthala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mabowo pamwamba.

3. Mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi makoma okhuthala amatha kuvulala mosavuta.

4. Pamwamba pa zinthu zabodza komanso zosalimba n'zosavuta kusweka.

5. Mapaipi achitsulo obodza okhala ndi makoma okhuthala ndi osavuta kukanda.

6. Mapaipi achitsulo okhuthala opangidwa ndi zingwe zonyenga alibe kuwala kwachitsulo ndipo ndi ofiira pang'ono kapena ofanana ndi chitsulo cha nkhumba.

7. Nthiti zopingasa za mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi makoma olimba ndi zopyapyala komanso zotsika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zosakhutira.

8. Gawo lopingasa la chitoliro chachitsulo chobodza chokhala ndi makoma okhuthala ndi lozungulira.

10. Zipangizo za chitoliro chachitsulo chobodza chokhala ndi makoma okhuthala zili ndi zinthu zambiri zosafunika ndipo kuchuluka kwa chitsulo ndi kochepa kwambiri.

11. M'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chachitsulo chobodza chokhala ndi makoma okhuthala chimasintha kwambiri.

12. Zizindikiro za malonda ndi kusindikiza kwa machubu apamwamba kwambiri ndizofanana.

13. Pa ulusi waukulu atatu wokhala ndi mapaipi achitsulo opitilira 16 m'mimba mwake, mtunda pakati pa zizindikiro ziwirizo ndi woposa IM.

14. Mipiringidzo yayitali ya rebar yachitsulo chosalimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira.

15. Opanga mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi khoma lolimba sayendetsa galimoto, kotero kuti phukusi lake ndi lotayirira. Mbali yake ndi yozungulira.