Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha kapangidwe kake (GB/T8162-2008) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko komanso chamakina.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machubu achitsulo opanda msoko a mapaipi, zombo, zida, zolumikizira ndi zomangamanga zamakanika

Kapangidwe ka nyumba: kapangidwe ka holo, malo oimikapo magalimoto panyanja, kapangidwe ka bwalo la ndege, doko, chimango cha chitseko chachitetezo, chitseko cha garaja, zitseko zachitsulo zolimbikitsidwa ndi mawindo, khoma logawa mkati, kapangidwe ka mlatho wa chingwe ndi alonda achitetezo pamsewu waukulu, njanji, zokongoletsera, mapaipi okhalamo, zokongoletsa

Zipangizo zamagalimoto: kupanga magalimoto ndi mabasi, zida zoyendera

Ulimi: Zipangizo zaulimi

Makampani: Makina, Thandizo la dzuwa, malo osungira mafuta akunja, zida zamigodi, zida zamakanika ndi zamagetsi, Uinjiniya, migodi, zinthu zolemera ndi zofunikira, Uinjiniya wa njira, kukonza zinthu, zida zamakanika

Mayendedwe: njanji za oyenda pansi, zotchingira, nyumba zazikulu, zizindikiro, zida za pamsewu, mipanda

Malo osungiramo zinthu: mashelufu a sitolo yaikulu, mipando, zipangizo za kusukulu

Chitoliro chachikulu chachitsulo

Q345, 15CrMo, 12Cr1MoV, A53A, A53B, SA53A, SA53B

Kukula kwa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika komanso kupotoka kololedwa

Chubu chachitsulo cha kaboni (GB/8162-2008)

Chitoliro chachitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimasungunuka ndi chosinthira kapena malo otseguka, zinthu zake zazikulu ndi chitsulo chosungunuka ndi chitsulo chodulidwa, kuchuluka kwa sulfure ndi phosphorous mu chitsulo ndi kokwera kuposa kwa chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sulfure ≤0.050%, phosphorous ≤0.045%. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zophatikizira, monga chromium, nickel ndi mkuwa, zomwe zimalowetsedwa mu chitsulo ndi zipangizo zopangira nthawi zambiri siziposa 0.30%. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chamtunduwu kumawonetsedwa ndi kalasi yachitsulo Q195, Q215A, B, Q235A, B, C, D, Q255A, B, Q275 ndi zina zotero.

Zindikirani: “Q” ndi zilembo zachi China za yield “qu”, kutsatiridwa ndi minimum yield point (σ S) value ya giredi, kutsatiridwa ndi chizindikiro malinga ndi zinthu zodetsedwa (sulfure, phosphorous) kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi ndi kusintha kwa zinthu za kaboni ndi manganese, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi A, B, C, D.

Mtundu uwu wa chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi kapangidwe kameneka ndi waukulu kwambiri, ntchito yake ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imakulungidwa kwambiri mu mbale, mbiri (yozungulira, yasikweya, yathyathyathya, yogwirira ntchito, yolumikizira, ngodya, ndi zina zotero) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi mbiri ndi kupanga. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu malo ogwirira ntchito, mlatho, sitima ndi nyumba zina komanso mapaipi oyendera madzi. Chitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji popanda kutentha.

Chitoliro chachitsulo cholimba kwambiri cha alloy (chopangidwa ndi alloy yochepa)GB/T8162-2008)

Kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa silicon kapena manganese, mapaipi achitsulo ali ndi zinthu zina zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China. Monga vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), titaniyamu (Ti), aluminiyamu (Al), molybdenum (Mo), nayitrogeni (N), ndi zinthu zocheperako zapadziko lapansi (RE). Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito, giredi yake imayimiridwa ndi Q295A, B, Q345A, B, C, D, E, Q390A, B, C, D, E, Q420A, B, C, D, E, Q460C, D, E ndi mitundu ina yachitsulo, ndipo tanthauzo lake ndi lofanana ndi piredi yachitsulo ya carbon structural.

Kuwonjezera pa chitsulo cha giredi A ndi B, chitsulo cha giredi C, giredi D ndi giredi E chiyenera kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyengedwa bwino monga V, Nb, Ti ndi Al. Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo, chitsulo cha giredi A, B chikhozanso kuwonjezeredwa ku chimodzi mwa izo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotsalira za Cr, Ni ndi Cu ndi zosakwana 0.30%. Q345A, B, C, D, E ndi mitundu yoyimira ya chitsulo chamtunduwu, pakati pawo chitsulo cha giredi A, B nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa 16Mn; Zinthu zocheperako ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chitoliro cha giredi C ndi pamwamba pa chitsulo, ndipo chinthu chimodzi chotsika kutentha chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzinthu zake zamakanika.

Chiŵerengero cha chitoliro cha chitsulo chomangidwa choterechi ndi chitsulo chomangidwa ndi kaboni. Chili ndi ubwino wa mphamvu zambiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino, moyo wautali, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kusinthasintha. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Bridges, sitima, ma boilers, magalimoto ndi nyumba zofunika.