Chubhu yesimbi isina musono isimbi yakatenderera, sikweya, ine mativi mana ine chikamu chisina musono uye isina misono yakaipoteredza. Chubhu dzesimbi dzisina musono dzakagadzirwa nema ingts kana ma billets akasimba akaboorwa kuita ma capillary tubes uye obva apiswa, akapiswa kana kutorwa achitonhora.

Pombi yesimbi isina musono ine chikamu chisina chinhu, nhamba huru yemapaipi anoshandiswa kutakura mvura, Mukukombama uye simba rekutenderera panguva imwe chete, Kuenzanisa pombi yesimbi nesimbi yakatenderera nedzimwe simbi yakasimba. Kurema kwepombi yesimbi kwakareruka, imhando yechikamu chesimbi chakapfuma, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvikamu zvechivakwa uye zvikamu zvemakanika, zvakaita sekugadzira simbi yekuchera mafuta.

Kugadzirwa kwemachubhu esimbi isina musono kwave nemakore anoda kusvika zana. Hama dzekuGerman dzeManismann dzakatanga kugadzira punch yekumonera muchinjikwa ine mipumburu miviri muna 1885, ndokuzogadzira muchina wekumonera payipi weperiodic muna 1891, uye Swiss RCStiefel yakagadzira muchina wekumonera payipi otomatiki (unozivikanwawo semuchina wepamusoro wekumonera payipi) muna 1903, uye michina yakasiyana-siyana yekuwedzera, yakadai semuchina wekumonera payipi unoenderera mberi nemuchina wekumonera payipi, yakatanga kuumba indasitiri yemazuva ano yechubhu yesimbi isina musono. Muma1930, chigayo chemapaipi chine mipumburu mitatu chakashandiswa.

Kudzvanya kwekuwedzera uye chigayo chinotenderera chinotonhora nguva nenguva zvinovandudza mhando uye kunaka kwemachubhu esimbi. Muma1960, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwechigayo chinotenderera chinotenderera, kubuda kwechibhakera chetatu-roll, kunyanya kubudirira kwekushandisa muchina wekuderedza kushushikana uye chibharo chinotenderera chinokanda, zvakavandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye zvakawedzera kukwikwidzana kwepombi isina musono uye pombi dzakasungirirwa.

Muma1970, mapaipi asina musono nemapombi akasungirirwa ari kuenderana, uye kubuda kwepombi dzesimbi pasi rose kuri kuwedzera neanopfuura 5% pagore. Kubva muna 1953, China yave ichikoshesa zvikuru kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemapombi esimbi asina musono, uye pakutanga yakagadzira sisitimu yekugadzira yekumonera mapaipi akasiyana-siyana makuru, epakati nepakati nediki. Kazhinji, pombi yemhangura inoshandisawo maitiro ekumonera nekuboora, kumonera nekumonera mapaipi.

Kushandiswauye kupatsanurwa kwemachubhu esimbi asina musono

Kushandisa: Chubhu yesimbi isina musono imhando yesimbi yehupfumi, ine chinzvimbo chakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafuta, indasitiri yemakemikari, bhaira, chiteshi chemagetsi, ngarava, kugadzira michina, mota, ndege, aerospace, simba, geology, kuvaka uye mauto.

Kupatsanura:

(1) Zvichienderana nechimiro chechikamu chakakamurwa kuita: chubhu yechikamu chakatenderera, chubhu yechikamu chakagadzirwa nenzira yakakosha

(2) zvichienderana nezvinhu: pombi yesimbi yekabhoni, pombi yesimbi ye alloy, pombi yesimbi isina ngura, pombi ye composite

(3) Zvichienderana nemodhi yekubatanidza: pombi yekubatanidza ine shinda, pombi yekuwedhesera

(4) Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira: pombi inopfungaira inopisa (extrusion, top, expansion), pombi inopfungaira inotonhora (draw)

(5) Zvichienderana nekushandiswa: pombi yebhoyira, pombi yemafuta, pombi yemapaipi, pombi yekuvaka, pombi yefetereza.

Maitiro ekugadzira chubhu yesimbi isina musono

Maitiro makuru ekugadzira chubhu yesimbi isina musono inopfurwa inopisa (maitiro makuru ekuongorora):

Kugadzirira nekutarisa pombi yekubikira → kudziyisa pombi yekubikira → kuboora → kutenderedza pombi → kudziyisazve pombi isina chinhu → kugadzirisa (kuderedza) dhayamita → kurapwa nekupisa → kutwasanudza pombi yapera → kupedzisa → kuongorora (kusaparadza, kwepanyama uye kwemakemikari, kuongororwa kwechiteshi) → kuchengetedza nzvimbo

(2) Maitiro ekugadzira pombi yesimbi isina musono inomonereka inotonhora

Kugadzirira mabhiriji → kuomesa nekuzora → kutenderedza kunotonhora (kudhirowa) → kurapwa nekupisa → kutwasanudza → kupedzisa → kuongorora

Chati yekuyerera kwemaitiro ekugadzira yechubhu yesimbi isina musono inopfurwa inopisa ndeiyi inotevera: