2021, ramba uchidzamisa shanduko yeindasitiri yekugadzira simbi yesimbi munyika yedu, kusimudzira shanduko yegirini yakaderera kabhoni indasitiri, uye shanduko huru munyika yeindasitiri mutemo, kuita kudzora kugona, kuburitsa, kubvisa simbi dzese dzekutengesa kunze kwemutero kudzoreredzwa, kuseri kwekuwana kabhoni kaviri, kutarisana nekuchinja kwekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, kuyedza kukunda mutengo wepakutanga wezvekuchengetedza zvinhu sekuoma kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuomerwa. kuzadzikiswa kwe "kuderedza kuwanda uye kuvandudza kunaka" kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro, kushanda kwese kweindasitiri kwakagadzikana, kuzadzisa kudiwa kwesimbi yeindasitiri yepasi uye kuve nechokwadi kuti kuenderera mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika kwakabatsira.

1 Kugadzirwa kwepombi yesimbi uye kushandiswa kuri pachena muChina

Maererano welded pombi kugadzirwa data rakabudiswa neNational Bureau of Statistics uye simbi nyere Bazi kwakavakirwa kugadzirwa mashoko nhengo mabhizimisi kufungidzira musono simbi pombi kugadzirwa data, kubva January kusvika December 2021, nyika simbi pombi kugadzirwa mamiriyoni 853,62 matani, pasi 3,66%; Zvinoratidzika kushandiswa kwaive 78,811,600 matani, pasi 4.33% gore negore. Pakati pavo, welded pombi kugadzirwa 58.832 mamiriyoni matani, pasi 3.57% gore negore; Zvinoratidzika kushandiswa kwaive 55.2763 miriyoni matani, pasi 4.07% gore pagore. Iyo inofungidzirwa kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina musono chubhu ndeye 26.80.00 matani emamiriyoni, pasi 3.86% gore pagore; Kushandiswa kwakajeka kwaiva 23.5353 mamiriyoni emamiriyoni, nekuderera kwegore negore kwe4.93%. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti muna 2021, pombi yesimbi yeChina, pombi yesimbi isina musono, kugadzirwa kwepombi yakashongedzwa uye kushandiswa kuri pachena kwakadzikira gore negore. Kubuda uye kuoneka kushandiswa kwemapombi esimbi muChina muna 2020-2021 kunoratidzwa muTafura 1 uye Mufananidzo 1.

Kubva pakuongororwa kwedata, kushanda zvakanaka kweindasitiri yesimbi yesimbi muhafu yekutanga ya2021, asi kukura kwekubuda kunoratidzika kudiki, zvichienzaniswa neyakakanganiswa nemitengo yesimbi yepasi rose yakakwira zvakanyanya muna Chivabvu, pombi, mitengo yeplate yakakwira zvakanyanya, izvo zvakasundira mitengo yesimbi yakakwira zvakanyanya, asi kutenga uku kwakakura kukanganisa indasitiri yepasi, inoita kushomeka kuri kuita. Uye zvakare, iyo mamiriro eindasitiri yesimbi kudzikisa crude simbi kugadzirwa zvinodiwa, zvakakanganisawo mamwe mabhizinesi, zvekuti muna 2021, China kugadzirwa kwepombi yesimbi kwaive kumwe kuderera.

2. Steel pombi mitengo muChina

Kubva munaNovember 2020, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakakura zvakadai sesimbi ore, mitengo yebillet uye strip steel muChina yakawedzera zvakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2-3, pamwe nemitengo yemapombi esimbi.

图

Mutengo wepaipi isina musono pombi, welded pombi uye galvanized pombi muChina kubva 2020 kusvika 2021 inoratidzwa muFigure 4. Pakati pavo, mutengo we φ 219 mm × 10 mm kutsanangurwa kwesimbi isina musono pombi yakakwira nekukurumidza kubva munaNovember 2020, mutengo wakakwira kubva pa4645 yuan kusvika 2 yuan kusvika 2 yuan muna 2 May 2020 mutengo. 2008), kusvika 2000 yuan, kusvika 42.9%; Mushure meChivabvu 2021, mutengo wakadzikira kusvika pa6,160 yuan munaChikunguru, wakadzika kusvika pa500 yuan, ukazokwira kusvika pa6,636 yuan munaGumiguru (wechipiri pakakwirira), ukazodzika kusvika pa5,931 yuan muna Zvita. Mutengo wacho wave uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchingero, mutengo uripo kubva pakutanga kwegore.

Gore ra2021 ndiro gore rakanakisa reChina indasitiri yesimbi kubvira 2008, nemabhenefiti eindasitiri akavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, seimwe yezvigadzirwa zvesimbi nesimbi indasitiri, simbi pombi haina kuvandudzwa senge ndiro, bar, waya uye mbiri. Zvikonzero ndezvizvi: kutanga, kunyange zvazvo mutengo wepombi yesimbi wakakwira zvakanyanya, mutengo wepombi yesimbi hauna kukwira kusvika pakakwirira nekuda kwesimba remutengo wakaderera wemafuta uye mutengo wakaderera wekutengesa pombi yemafuta pombi. Mutengo wepaipi isina musono pombi, galvanized sheet, inopisa yakakungurutswa shiti uye rebar muChina kubva muna Kubvumbi 2020 kusvika Ndira 2022 inoratidzwa muFigure 5. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti mutengo we galvanized sheet muna 2021 wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura wesimbi isina musono chubhu 300 ~ 750 yuan, uye mamwe makore akaderera emhando yemhando mbiri. 200 yuan. Chechipiri, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yakasvibirira uye yekubatsira, mutengo wekusiyana pakati pesimbi pombi uye billet unoramba uri pamwero we2020, uye purofiti yezvigadzirwa haina kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya, mabhizimusi ekugadzira pombi yemafuta, akakanganiswa nemutengo wakaderera wemafuta uye mutengo wakaderera wepombi yemafuta pombi, manejimendi emabhizinesi akaoma, mabhizinesi mazhinji ari pamucheto wemari shoma kana kurasikirwa, mabhizinesi ega ega achiri kurasikirwa.

Muna 2021, kunyange zvazvo hurumende yakagadzirisa kaviri mutero wekutengesa kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvesimbi, kuitira kuti mutero wekubhadhara mutero udzoke ku0, asi huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwepombi yesimbi haina kuderedzwa asi yakawedzera. Zvikonzero zvikuru ndezvizvi zvinotevera: chekutanga, nekuda kwekukanganisa kweCCIDID-19, mamwe mabhizinesi epombi yesimbi ekunze haasati atangazve kugadzira, uye musika wanga uchishomeka kwenguva yakati rebei, uye mitengo yepombi yesimbi yepasi rose yakakwira zvakanyanya (mitengo yezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakakwira kupfuura yepamba); Chechipiri, mabhizinesi ekunze ari kunetsekana nenyika dzinotevera dzekuwedzera mutero wekutengesa kunze kwenyika, saka wedzera, mhanyisa simba rekutengesa kunze kwenyika, huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika mukota yechina hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Muna Zvita 2021, pombi yesimbi yekuChina yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika yaive 160.44% yeavhareji yemwedzi gumi neimwe yapfuura. Kunyanya, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwesimbi isina musono machubhu muna Zvita yaive 531,000 matani, 203.92 muzana yeavhareji kunze kwenyika ye260,400 matani mumwedzi gumi neimwe yekutanga. Aya maitiro akaenderera mberi muchikamu chekutanga che2022.

3.2 Zvinhu zvikuru zvekutumira kunze

Maererano nedatha yakaburitswa neChina General Administration yeCustoms, China isina musono simbi pombi inotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2021 3.3952 miriyoni matani, gore negore kukura kwe3.79%. Pakati pavo, kutengeswa kwepombi kusina musono kwaiva 1.2743 miriyoni matani, pasi ne9.60% gore negore; Oiri isina musono tsime chubhu inotumira kunze 906,200 matani, kumusoro 2.81% gore pagore; Seamless boiler chubhu inotumira kunze 151,800 matani, gore-pa-gore kuderera kwe15.22%; Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwepombi yepiipi yakakandwa yaive matani 757,700, zvichidzika ne9.16% gore negore; Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemawelds akakosha-akaumbwa uye masikweya rectangular machubhu aive 1,325,400 matani, akakwira 4.41% gore-pa-gore. Muna 2021, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda repasi rose reCCIDID-19 uye kudzoreredzwa kwemutero wekunze kunze kwenyika, huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwemarudzi matatu makuru eChina epombi isina musono, pombi yeboiler isina musono uye pombi yakasungwa yakadzikira zvakanyanya. Ona Tafura 3 uye Figure 7 yekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemhando huru dzepombi dzesimbi muChina muna 2020-2021.

3. Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwepombi dzesimbi muChina

3.1 Kupinza uye kutumira kunze vhoriyamu uye mutengo

Maererano nemashoko akabudiswa neGeneral Administration of Customs, Muna 2021, China yesimbi pombi inotengeswa kunze kwe349,600 matani, pasi 7.21%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa waiva $3824 /t, up 12.71% gore negore. Pakati pavo, seamless simbi chubhu inotengeswa kunze kwe130,500 t, pasi 13.80%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa waiva $5769 /t, uchikwira 13.32% gore negore. Welded pombi inopinza kunze 219,100 matani, pasi 2.80%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa waiva isu $ 2671 / t, kumusoro 18.31% gore negore. Muna 2021, China yakatumira kunze 7.17 mamiriyoni ematani emachubhu esimbi, kusvika 4.19% gore negore; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa kunze waiva $1542 /t, up 36.5% gore negore. Pakati pavo, seamless simbi chubhu inotengeswa kunze 3.3952 mamiriyoni matani, kusvika 3.79%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa kunze waiva $1,508 /t, uchikwira 23.67% gore negore. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwepombi yakashongedzwa yaive 3.7748 miriyoni matani, yakakwira 4.55% gore negore; Avhareji mutengo wekutengesa kunze waive $1573 ​​/t, kumusoro 49.99% gore pagore. Muna 2021, China simbi pombi yokupinza vhoriyamu chete 0.41% simbi pombi kugadzirwa, welded pombi ekisipoti mutengo wakakwira kupfuura musono simbi pombi kekutanga. Ona Tafura 2 uye Mufananidzo 6 wekupinza uye kutumira kunze vhoriyamu uye chikamu cheSimbi pombi muChina muna 2020-2021.

3.3 Kupinza uye Kuendesa kunze Nyika

Muna 2021, nyika gumi dzepamusoro dzeChina dzekutengesa pombi dzesimbi dzisina musono dzinoti South Korea, India, UNITED Arab Emirates, Algeria, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkey, Vietnam, Australia, Vepamusoro gumi vanotengesa pombi dzesimbi ndivo Philippines, Nigeria, Myanmar, Australia, South Korea, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore neCanada. Nyika dzekuenda kuChina pombi dzesimbi dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika dzakanyanya kunyanya kuSoutheast Asia, Middle East nemamwe matunhu, pakati pawo maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, Gulf nemamwe matunhu anodarika 40% yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Ndichiri kuEurope, North America, ndeimwe yevanonyanya kutenga simbi, asi kubva padambudziko rezvemari repasi rose muna 2008, dunhu rinoramba richitanga ongororo yekurapa kwepombi yesimbi munyika yedu, iyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kunharaunda yesimbi chubhu inoita isingasviki 6%, iyo huru yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwemhando mbiri (pombi yemafuta, pombi yemutsetse) inenge yapinda munyika idzi nematunhu. Huwandu hwekutumirwa kunze kwenyika pombi yesimbi yeChina nenyika kana dunhu muna 2020-2021 inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 8.