2021, kuramba tichisimbisa shanduko yeindasitiri yesimbi yemapaipi esimbi inoumba mativi ekugovera munyika medu, kukurudzira shanduko yeindasitiri yegreen low kabhoni, uye shanduko huru mumutemo weindasitiri yenyika, kuisa simba rekudzora, kubuda, kubvisa zvese zvinodzoserwa mutero wekutengesa kunze kwenyika, pasi pekuzadzisa kabhoni kaviri, kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuchinja kwezvinodiwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, kuedza kukunda kuoma kukuru kwemutengo wepakutanga, Kugayiwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semutengo wekuwedzera kukuru, kuona "kuderedza huwandu nekuvandudza mhando" yekuvandudza mhando, mashandiro ese eindasitiri akagadzikana, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimbi zviri pasi peindasitiri uye kuona kuti hupfumi hwenyika huri kuramba huchipora zvabatsira zvikuru.

1 Kugadzirwa kwepombi dzesimbi uye kushandiswa kuri pachena muChina

Zvinoenderana nedata rekugadzirwa kwemapombi akasungirirwa rakaburitswa neNational Bureau of Statistics nebazi remapaipi esimbi zvichibva padata rekugadzirwa kwemabhizinesi ari nhengo kuti vafungidzire data rekugadzirwa kwemapombi esimbi asina musono, kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2021, kugadzirwa kwemapombi esimbi munyika kwemamiriyoni 853.62 emamiriyoni, kwakadzikira ne3.66%; Kushandiswa kwaionekwa kwaive matani 78,811,600, kwakadzikira ne4.33% pagore. Pakati pawo, kugadzirwa kwemapombi akasungirirwa kwemamiriyoni 58.832 emamiriyoni, kwakadzikira ne3.57% pagore; Kushandiswa kwaionekwa kwaive matani mamiriyoni 55.2763, kwakadzikira ne4.07% pagore. Kugadzirwa kwaifungidzirwa kwemapombi esimbi asina musono kwemamiriyoni 26.80.00, kwakadzikira ne3.86% pagore; Kushandiswa kwaionekwa kwaive matani mamiriyoni 23.5353, nekudzikira kwegore negore kwe4.93%. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti muna 2021, pombi dzesimbi dzeChina, pombi dzesimbi dzisina musono, kugadzirwa kwepombi dzakasungirirwa pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwadzo kwakaderera gore negore. Kubuda uye kushandiswa kwadzo kwadzo kwakaderera gore negore. Kubuda uye kushandiswa kwadzo kwadzo kwakaderera mupombi dzesimbi muChina muna 2020-2021 zvinoratidzwa muTafura 1 neMufananidzo 1.

Kubva pakuongorora data rehuwandu, kushanda zvakanaka kweindasitiri yesimbi yeChina muhafu yekutanga ya2021, asi kukura kwemugodhi kunoita sekunge kwakamanikana, zvichienzaniswa nemitengo yesimbi yepasi rose yakakwira zvakanyanya muna Chivabvu, mitengo yemapaipi, ndiro yakakwira zvakanyanya, izvo zvakasundidzira mitengo yesimbi zvakanyanya, asi kutenga uku kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya indasitiri iri pasi, zvichiita kuti kudiwa kuderera. Pamusoro pezvo, mamiriro eindasitiri yesimbi kuderedza zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwesimbi isina kuchena, akakanganisawo mamwe mabhizinesi, zvekuti muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwepombi yesimbi yeChina kwaive kudzikira kwakasiyana.

2. Mitengo yemapaipi esimbi muChina

Kubva muna Mbudzi 2020, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yezvinhu zvikuru zvakaita sesimbi, mitengo yesimbi yebillet neyestrip muChina yakawedzera zvakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2-3, pamwe nemitengo yemapaipi esimbi.

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Mitengo yemapombi esimbi asina musono, pombi dzakasungirirwa uye pombi dzakabatidzwa muChina kubva muna 2020 kusvika 2021 inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. Pakati pazvo, mutengo we φ 219 mm×10 mm wepombi yesimbi isina musono wakakwira nekukurumidza kubva muna Mbudzi 2020, mutengo wakakwira kubva pa 4645 yuan kusvika pa 6638 yuan muna Chivabvu 2021 (ndiyo mitengo yepamusoro kubvira 2008), yakakwira inosvika 2000 yuan, yakakwira ne42.9%; Mushure meChivabvu 2021, mutengo wakadzikira kusvika pa 6,160 yuan muna Chikunguru, yakadzikira inosvika 500 yuan, uye yakakwira kusvika pa 6,636 yuan muna Gumiguru (yechipiri yepamusoro), uye yakadzikira kusvika pa 5,931 yuan muna Zvita. Mutengo wacho wanga uchikwira zvakanyanya kubva pakutanga kwegore.

Gore ra2021 ndiro gore rakanakisa muindasitiri yesimbi yeChina kubvira muna 2008, nemabhenefiti eindasitiri akavandudzika zvikuru. Zvisinei, seimwe yezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi, mapaipi esimbi haana kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya seplate, bar, waya uye profile. Zvikonzero ndeizvi: chekutanga, kunyangwe mutengo wepaipi yesimbi wakakwira zvakanyanya, mutengo wepaipi yesimbi hauna kukwira kusvika padanho repamusoro nekuda kwepesvedzero yemutengo wakaderera wemafuta uye mutengo wakaderera wepaipi yetsime remafuta. Mitengo yemapaipi esimbi asina musono, jira regalvanized, jira rinopisa rakamonerwa uye rebar muChina kubva muna Kubvumbi 2020 kusvika Ndira 2022 inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mutengo wepepa regalvanized muna 2021 wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura wepaipi yesimbi isina musono 300 ~ 750 yuan, uye mutengo wemhando mbiri mumakore mamwe wakakwira uye wakaderera, kazhinji uchichinja-chinja pa200 yuan. Chechipiri, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye zvekubatsira, musiyano wemitengo pakati pemapaipi esimbi nebillet uchiri padanho ra2020, uye purofiti yezvigadzirwa haina kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya, mabhizinesi ekugadzira mapaipi emafuta, akanganiswa nemutengo wakaderera wemafuta uye mutengo wakaderera wepaipi yemafuta, manejimendi ebhizinesi akaoma, mabhizinesi mazhinji ari pamucheto wepurofiti diki kana kurasikirwa, mabhizinesi ega ega achiri kurasikirwa.

Muna 2021, kunyangwe hurumende yakagadzirisa kaviri mutero wekudzosera kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, kuitira kuti mutero wekudzosera kunze kwenyika udzokere pa0, asi huwandu hwepombi dzesimbi dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hauna kuderedzwa asi hwakawedzera. Zvikonzero zvikuru ndeizvi: chekutanga, nekuda kweCOVID-19, mamwe makambani epombi dzesimbi dzekunze haana kutangazve kugadzira zvizere, uye musika wanga usiri kuwanikwa kwenguva yakati, uye mitengo yepombi dzesimbi dzepasi rose yakakwira zvakanyanya (mitengo yezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakakwira kupfuura yemuno); Chechipiri, makambani ekutengesa kunze kwenyika ari kunetseka nezvenyika dzinotevera kuwedzera mitero pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, saka kuwedzera, kukurumidzisa simba rekutumira kunze kwenyika, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mukota yechina hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Muna Zvita 2021, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwepombi dzesimbi dzeChina kwaive 160.44% yeavhareji yemwedzi gumi neumwe yapfuura. Kunyanya, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemachubhu esimbi asina musono muna Zvita kwaive matani 531,000, 203.92 muzana yeavhareji yekutengeswa kunze kwenyika yematani 260,400 mumwedzi gumi neumwe yekutanga. Maitiro aya akaenderera mberi kusvika muchikamu chekutanga cha2022.

3.2 Zvinhu zvikuru zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika

Zvichienderana nedata rakaburitswa neChina's General Administration of Customs, mapombi esimbi asina musono akatengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2021 aisvika matani mamiriyoni 3.3952, kukura kwegore negore kwe3.79%. Pakati pawo, mapombi asina musono akatengeswa kunze kwenyika aive matani mamiriyoni 1.2743, akaderera ne9.60% pagore; machubhu emafuta asina musono akatengeswa kunze kwenyika matani 906,200, akakwira ne2.81% pagore; machubhu eboiler asina musono akatengeswa kunze kwenyika matani 151,800, kudzikira kwegore negore kwe15.22%; Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwepombi yepayipi yakasungirirwa kwaive matani 757,700, akaderera ne9.16% pagore; Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwechubhu dzakasungirirwa dzakaita sedzakaumbwa uye dzakaenzana dzemativi maviri kwaive matani 1,325,400, akakwira ne4.41% gore negore. Muna 2021, nekuda kwedambudziko reCOVID-19 pasi rose uye kudzoserwa kwemitero yekunze kwenyika, huwandu hwemhando nhatu huru dzekuChina dzemapaipi asina musono, mapaipi eboiler asina musono uye mapaipi akasungirirwa hwakaderera zvakanyanya. Ona Tafura 3 neMufananidzo 7 wekutumira kunze kwenyika mhando dzemapaipi makuru esimbi muChina muna 2020-2021.

3. Kupinza nekuburitsa kunze mapaipi esimbi muChina

3.1 Huwandu nemutengo wekutumira nekuburitsa kunze kwenyika

Sekureva kwedata rakaburitswa neGeneral Administration of Customs, muna 2021, kutengeswa kwemapaipi esimbi eChina e349,600 matani, kwakadzikira ne7.21%; Avhareji yemutengo wekupinza zvinhu waive $3824 /t, wakakwira ne12.71% pagore. Pakati pazvo, kutengeswa kwemapaipi esimbi asina musono e130,500 t, kwakadzikira ne13.80%; Avhareji yemutengo wekupinza zvinhu waive $5769 /t, wakakwira ne13.32% pagore. Mapaipi akasungirirwa anotenga zvinhu zve219,100 matani, akadzika ne2.80%; Avhareji yemutengo wekupinza zvinhu waive US $2671 /t, wakakwira ne18.31% pagore. Muna 2021, China yakatumira zvinhu zvesimbi zvematani mamiriyoni 7.17, wakakwira ne4.19% pagore; Avhareji yemutengo wekupinza zvinhu kunze waive $1542 /t, wakakwira ne36.5% pagore. Pakati pazvo, machubhu esimbi asina musono anotumira kunze kwenyika matani mamiriyoni 3.3952, akakwira ne3.79%; Avhareji yemutengo wekutengesera kunze kwenyika waive $1,508 /t, akakwira ne23.67% gore negore. Huwandu hwekutengesera kunze kwenyika hwemapaipi akasungirirwa kunze kwenyika hwaive matani mamiriyoni 3.7748, akakwira ne4.55% gore negore; Avhareji yemutengo wekutengesera kunze kwenyika waive $1573 ​​/t, akakwira ne49.99% gore negore. Muna 2021, huwandu hwekutengesera kunze kwenyika hwemapaipi esimbi muChina i0.41% chete yekugadzirwa kwemapaipi esimbi, mutengo wekutengesera kunze kwenyika wemapaipi akasungirirwa wakakwira kupfuura mapaipi esimbi asina musono kekutanga. Ona Tafura 2 neMufananidzo 6 wehuwandu hwekutengesera kunze kwenyika nehwekutengesera kunze kwenyika uye chikamu chemapaipi esimbi muChina muna 2020-2021.

3.3 Nyika Dzinopinza Nekutumira Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika

Muna 2021, nyika gumi dzepamusoro dzeChina dzinotumira mapombi esimbi asina musono ndiSouth Korea, India, UNITED Arab Emirates, Algeria, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkey, Vietnam, Australia. Nyika gumi dzepamusoro dzinotumira mapombi esimbi akasungirirwa ndiPhilippines, Nigeria, Myanmar, Australia, South Korea, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore neCanada. Nyika dzinotumirwa mapombi esimbi neChina dzinonyanya kuSoutheast Asia, Middle East nedzimwe nzvimbo, pakati padzo dzinoti Southeast Asia, Gulf nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandisa anopfuura 40% yezvinhu zvinotengeswa neChina. Kunyange hazvo muEurope, North America iri imwe yenzvimbo dzinotengesa simbi zvakanyanya, asi kubva padambudziko remari repasi rose muna 2008, dunhu iri richiri kutanga kuferefeta kwekutengeserana kwemapombi esimbi munyika medu, zvinhu zvinotengeswa pari zvino kudunhu repombi yesimbi zvinosvika pasi pe6%, zvinhu zviviri zvinotengeswa zvakanyanya kuChina (pombi yemafuta, pombi yemutsara) zviri munyika idzi nenzvimbo idzi. Huwandu hwemapaipi esimbi ekuChina anotengeswa kunze kwenyika nenyika kana dunhu muna 2020-2021 hunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8.