20G: Ndiyo nhamba yesimbi yakanyorwa yeGB5310-95 (mabhurendi ekunze anoenderana: st45.8 muGermany, STB42 muJapan, uye SA106B muUnited States). Ndiyo simbi inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi esimbi ebhoyila. Maumbirwo emakemikari uye hunhu hwemakanika zvakafanana nehwemaplate esimbi makumi maviri. Simbi ine simba rakati patembiricha yakajairika uye tembiricha yepakati nepamusoro, kabhoni yakaderera, purasitiki iri nani uye kusimba, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwekuumba nekuwedera hunotonhora nekupisa. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mafittings emapaipi ebhoyila ane pressure yakakwira uye yakakwirira, ma superheater, ma reheater, economizers uye madziro emvura muchikamu chetembiricha yakaderera; zvakaita semapaipi madiki edhiyamita ekudziya mapaipi epamusoro ane tembiricha yemadziro ye ≤500℃, uye madziro emvura. Mapaipi, mapaipi e economizer, nezvimwewo, mapaipi edhiyamita hombe emapaipi emhepo uye misoro (economizer, madziro emvura, superheater yekupisa yakaderera uye reheater header) ane tembiricha yemadziro ye ≤450℃, uye mapaipi ane tembiricha yepakati ye ≤450℃. Zvimwewo. Sezvo simbi yekabhoni ichizoiswa graphitized kana ikashanda kwenguva yakareba pamusoro pe 450°C, tembiricha yepamusoro yekushandisa kwenguva refu yechubhu yekupisa inongogumira pasi pe 450°C. Munzvimbo iyi yetembiricha, simba resimbi rinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zve superheater nemapaipi emhepo, uye ine resistance yakanaka ye oxidation, kuoma kwepurasitiki, welding performance uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzirisa zvinopisa nekutonhora, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Simbi inoshandiswa muvira reIran (zvichireva imwe chete) ipombi yekupinza tsvina (huwandu hwayo matani makumi maviri nemasere), pombi yekupinza mvura yemutsi (matani makumi maviri), pombi yekubatanidza tsimu (matani makumi maviri nematanhatu), uye economizer header (matani masere). ), sisitimu yemvura inodziisa (matani mashanu), imwe inoshandiswa sesimbi yakatsetseka uye zvinhu zve boom (matani angangoita makumi masere nematanhatu).

SA-210C (25MnG): Ndiyo simbi yepamusoro muASME SA-210 standard. Ichubhu diki yesimbi ine dhayamita yecarbon-manganese yemaboiler nemasuperheater, uye isimbi ine simba rekupisa re pearlite. China yakaiisa kuGB5310 muna 1995 ndokuitumidza kuti 25MnG. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari kuri nyore kunze kwekunge ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni nemanganese, zvimwe zvakafanana ne20G, saka simba rayo rekugadzira rakakwira ne20% kupfuura 20G, uye plasticity yayo nekusimba kwayo zvakaenzana ne20G. Simbi ine maitiro ari nyore ekugadzira uye inoshanda zvakanaka kutonhora nekupisa. Kuishandisa panzvimbo pe20G kunogona kuderedza ukobvu hwemadziro nekushandiswa kwezvinhu, Panguva imwe chete ichivandudza kutamiswa kwekupisa kwebhoiler. Kushandiswa kwayo kwechikamu uye tembiricha yekushandiswa zvakafanana ne20G, zvinonyanya kushandiswa pamadziro emvura, economizer, superheater yekupisa yakaderera nezvimwe zvinhu zvine tembiricha yekushanda yakaderera pane 500℃.

SA-106C: Ndiyo simbi yepamusoro muASME SA-106 standard. Ipombi yesimbi yecarbon-manganese inoshandiswa kumaboilers makuru uye masuperheaters ekupisa kwakanyanya. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari kuri nyore uye kwakafanana ne20G carbon steel, asi huwandu hwayo hwecarbon nemanganese hwakakwira, saka simba rayo rekugadzira rakakwirira ne12% kupfuura re20G, uye plasticity yayo uye kuoma kwayo hazvina kuipa. Simbi ine nzira iri nyore yekugadzira uye inoshanda zvakanaka kutonhora nekupisa. Kuishandisa kutsiva 20G headers (economizer, water wall, low-temperature superheater uye reheater header) kunogona kuderedza ukobvu hwemadziro ne10%, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza mari yezvinhu, kuderedza basa rekushongedza, uye kuvandudza headers. Musiyano wekushushikana pakutanga.

15Mo3 (15MoG): Ipombi yesimbi iri muDIN17175 standard. Ipombi yesimbi yecarbon-molybdenum ine dhayamita diki yeboiler superheater, Panguva imwe chete iyi isimbi ine simba rekupisa rinosvika papearlitic. China yakaiisa kuGB5310 muna 1995 ndokuitumidza kuti 15MoG. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari kuri nyore, asi ine molybdenum, saka kunyangwe ichiramba ichiita zvakafanana nesimbi yecarbon, simba rayo rekupisa riri nani pane simbi yecarbon. Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka uye mutengo wakaderera, yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nenyika pasi rese. Zvisinei, simbi iyi ine katsika yegraphitization mukushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya, saka tembiricha yayo yekushandisa inofanira kudzorwa pasi pe510℃, uye huwandu hweAl hunowedzerwa panguva yekunyungudutsa hunofanira kuganhurirwa pakudzora nekunonotsa maitiro egraphitization. Pombi iyi yesimbi inonyanya kushandiswa kune superheaters dzine tembiricha yakaderera uye reheaters dzine tembiricha yakaderera, uye tembiricha yemadziro iri pasi pe510℃. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari ndekwekuti C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; simba remoto rakajairika σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Plasticity δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Ndiyo simbi yepamusoro muASME SA-209 standard. Ichubhu yesimbi yecarbon-molybdenum ine dhayamita diki yemabhaira nema superheater, uye isimbi ine simba rekupisa re pearlite. China yakaiisa kuGB5310 muna 1995 ndokuitumidza kuti 20MoG. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari kuri nyore, asi ine molybdenum, saka kunyangwe ichiramba ichiita zvakafanana nesimbi yecarbon, simba rayo rekupisa riri nani pane simbi yecarbon. Zvisinei, simbi ine katsika kekuita graphitize mukushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya, saka tembiricha yekushandisa kwayo inofanira kudzorwa pasi pe510℃ uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Panguva yekunyungudutsa, huwandu hweAl hunofanira kuganhurirwa pakudzora nekunonotsa maitiro e graphitization. Iyi pombi yesimbi inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvikamu zvakaita semadziro anotonhorerwa nemvura, superheaters uye reheaters, uye tembiricha yemadziro iri pasi pe510℃. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari ndekwekuti C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; simba rakajairika σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; plasticity δ≥30.

15CrMoG: ine giredhi resimbi reGB5310-95 (rinoenderana nesimbi dze1Cr-1/2Mo uye 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose). Chromium yayo yakakwira kupfuura yesimbi ye12CrMo, saka ine simba guru rekupisa. Kana tembiricha ikadarika 550℃, simba rayo rekupisa rinodzikira zvakanyanya. Kana ikashanda kwenguva yakareba pa500-550℃, graphitization haizoitiki, asi carbide spheroidization uye kugoverwazve kwezvinhu zve alloying zvichaitika, izvo zvese zvinotungamira kupisa kwesimbi. Simba rayo rinodzikira, uye simbi ine relaxation resistance yakanaka pa450°C. Mashandiro ayo ekugadzira mapaipi uye welding akanaka. Inonyanya kushandiswa semapaipi emhepo ane simba repamusoro uye repakati uye misoro ine parameter yemhepo iri pasi pe550℃, machubhu ekupisa ane tembiricha yemadziro echubhu iri pasi pe560℃, nezvimwewo. Muumbirwo wayo wemakemikari ndeweC0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; simba σs≥ mumamiriro ekunze akajairwa 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plasticity δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) zvinhu zvakajairwa zveASME SA213 (SA335), zvakanyorwa muChina GB5310-95. MuCr-Mo steel series, simba rayo rekupisa rakakwira, uye simba rayo rekutsungirira uye kushushikana kunobvumirwa pakupisa kwakafanana zvakatopfuura simbi ye9Cr-1Mo. Nokudaro, inoshandiswa musimba rekupisa rekunze, simba renyukireya uye midziyo yekumanikidza. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo. Asi hupfumi hwayo hwehunyanzvi hahuna kunaka se12Cr1MoV yenyika yangu, saka haishandiswi zvakanyanya mukugadzira mabhoyira emagetsi ekupisa epamba. Inongoshandiswa chete kana mushandisi akaikumbira (kunyanya kana yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa zvichienderana neASME specifications). Simbi yacho hainyanyi kubatwa nekupisa, ine plasticity yakasimba uye inoshanda zvakanaka pakushongedza. Machubhu madiki eT22 anonyanya kushandiswa semachubhu epamusoro ekupisa masuperheaters nemareheaters ane tembiricha yemadziro esimbi iri pasi pe580℃, nepo machubhu eP22 ane dhayamita hombe anonyanya kushandiswa kumajoini esuperheater/reheater ane tembiricha yemadziro esimbi isingapfuure 565℃. Bhokisi nepombi huru yesteam. Muumbirwo wayo wemakemikari ndeye C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; simba σs≥280, σb≥ pasi pe positive tempering 450-600 MPa; Plasticity δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Isimbi yakanyorwa yeGB5310-95, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaboiler superheaters emagetsi ane simba guru, ultra-high pressure, uye subcritical power station boiler, headers uye main steam pipes. Magadzirirwo emakemikari uye hunhu hwemakanika zvakafanana neaya e12Cr1MoV sheet. Magadzirirwo ayo emakemikari ari nyore, huwandu hwese hwe alloy huri pasi pe2%, uye isimbi ine simba shoma recarbon, ine simba shoma repearlite. Pakati padzo, vanadium inogona kugadzira carbide VC yakagadzikana ine kabhoni, iyo inogona kuita kuti chromium nemolybdenum musimbi zvivepo zvakanyanya muferrite, uye inoderedza kumhanya kwekutamisa kwechromium nemolybdenum kubva kuferrite kuenda kucarbide, zvichiita kuti simbi ive yakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya. Huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zve alloying musimbi iyi ihafu chete yesimbi ye2.25Cr-1Mo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kunze kwenyika, asi simba rayo rekutsungirira pa580℃ uye 100,000 h rakakwirira ne40% kupfuura rekupedzisira; uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira ari nyore, uye mashandiro ayo ekuwelda akanaka. Chero bedzi maitiro ekurapa kupisa ari akaomarara, mashandiro anogutsa uye simba rekupisa zvinogona kuwanikwa. Kushanda chaiko kwechiteshi chemagetsi kunoratidza kuti pombi huru ye12Cr1MoV inogona kuramba ichishandiswa mushure memaawa 100,000 ekushanda zvakachengeteka pa540°C. Mapombi ane dhayamita hombe anonyanya kushandiswa semisoro nemapombi makuru emhepo ane parameter yemhepo iri pasi pe565℃, uye mapaipi madiki anoshandiswa kumapombi ekupisa epamusoro ebhoyila ane tembiricha yemadziro esimbi iri pasi pe580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Isimbi yemhando yeGB5310-95. Isimbi ine simba rinopisa re bainite, ine kabhoni shoma, ine alloy shoma (shoma shoma ye multiple) yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa nenyika yangu muma1960. Yakabatanidzwa muMinistry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 kubvira kuma1970 -70 uye chiyero chenyika chiripo parizvino. Pakupera kwa1980, simbi iyi yakapasa kuongororwa kwakabatana kweMinistry of Metallurgy, Ministry of Machinery and Electric Power. Simbi iyi ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, uye simba rayo rekupisa uye tembiricha yekushandira inopfuura yesimbi dzekunze dzakafanana, ichisvika padanho remamwe simbi dze chromium-nickel austenitic pa620℃. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zve alloying zviri musimbi, uye zvinhu zvakaita seCr, Si, nezvimwewo zvinovandudza resistance ye oxidation zvinowedzerwawo, saka tembiricha yepamusoro yebasa inogona kusvika 620°C. Kushanda chaiko kwechiteshi chemagetsi kwakaratidza kuti kurongeka uye mashandiro epombi yesimbi hazvina kuchinja zvakanyanya mushure mekushanda kwenguva refu. Inonyanya kushandiswa sechubhu ye superheater uye chubhu ye reheater yeboiler ine tembiricha yesimbi ≤620℃. Muumbirwo wayo wemakemikari ndiC0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; simba σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa iri mumamiriro ekudziya akanaka; plasticity δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Ndiyo simbi yepamusoro muASME SA-213 (335) standard. Ichinhu chezvikamu zvesimba renyukireya zvinopisa zvakanyanya (zvinoshandiswawo mune dzimwe nzvimbo) zvakagadzirwa neRubber Ridge National Laboratory yeUnited States. Simbi iyi yakavakirwa pasimbi yeT9 (9Cr-1Mo), uye inogumira pamiganhu yepamusoro nepasi yekabhoni. , Kunyange ichinyatsodzora zviri mukati mezvinhu zvakasara zvakaita seP neS, chidimbu che0.030-0.070% yeN, chidimbu chezvinhu zvine carbide yakasimba ye0.18-0.25% yeV uye 0.06-0.10% yeNb zvinowedzerwa kuti zvibudirire. Rudzi rutsva rwesimbi yeferritic inodzivirira kupisa inoumbwa nezvinodiwa zvezviyo; Ndiyo ASME SA-213 simbi yakanyorwa, uye China yakaisa simbi iyi kune GB5310 standard muna 1995, uye giredhi racho rakaiswa se10Cr9Mo1VNb; uye standard yepasi rose ISO/ DIS9329-2 yakanyorwa seX10 CrMoVNb9-1. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwe chromium yakawanda (9%), kuramba kwayo oxidation, kuramba ngura, simba rekupisa zvakanyanya uye mafambiro ekusaita graphitization zviri nani pane simbi dzisina alloy. Chinhu che molybdenum (1%) chinonyanya kuvandudza simba rekupisa zvakanyanya uye chinodzivisa chromium steel. Kupisa brittleness; Kana ichienzaniswa neT9, ine welding performance yakawedzera uye thermal fatigue performance, kugara kwayo pa600°C kwakapetwa katatu pane kwekupedzisira, uye inochengetedza high tembiricha high corrosion resistance yeT9 (9Cr-1Mo) steel; Kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi isina tsvina inonzi austenitic, ine simba diki rekuwedzera, thermal conductivity yakanaka, uye simba rekutsungirira rakakwirira (semuenzaniso, kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi inonzi TP304 austenitic, mirira kusvika tembiricha yakasimba yasvika 625°C, uye tembiricha yakaenzana yekumanikidzwa yasvika 607°C). Saka, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, chimiro chakasimba uye mashandiro asati akwegura uye mushure mekuchembera, welding performance yakanaka uye process performance yakanaka, yakasimba uye inodzivirira oxidation. Inonyanya kushandiswa kuma superheaters nema reheaters ane tembiricha yesimbi ≤650℃ mumaboilers. Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari ndekwe C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; simba σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa iri mumamiriro ekudziya kwemuviri; plasticity δ≥20.