Kuleyliyaha, qalabka isku-beddelka kulaylka, kuleyliyaha sare, iyo codsiyada kale ee heerkulka sare leh ee cadaadiska sare leh, doorashada heerka tuubada birta saxda ah waxay si toos ah u saamaysaa badbaadada qalabka iyo cimriga adeegga.ASTM A179, A192, A210, iyo A213waa afarta heer ee ugu isticmaalka badan caalamka ee tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha, laakiin mid walba waxaa loogu talagalay xaaladaha kala duwan ee adeegga iyo shuruudaha waxqabadka. Maqaalkani wuxuu bixinayaa falanqayn faahfaahsan oo laga helayagab, sifooyin farsamo, iyo xaaladaha khuseeyasi ay kaaga caawiyaan inaad gaarto go'aanno wax iibsi oo xog ogaal ah.

I. Booska Aasaasiga ah ee Afarta Heer

Heerka Caadiga ah	Magaca oo Buuxa	Nooca Qalabka	Codsiga Aasaasiga ah
ASTM A179 / ASME SA179	Tuubooyinka Birta Kaarboon Yar ee Qabow-jeexan oo aan kala go 'lahayn oo loogu talagalay Beddelayaasha Kulaylka iyo Qandaraaslayaasha	Bir yar oo kaarboon ah	Qalabka lagu beddelo kulaylka, kondensarrada, qalabka gudbinta kulaylka ee la midka ah
ASTM A192 / ASME SA192	Tuubooyinka Kuleyliyaha Birta Kaarboon ee aan kala go 'lahayn ee Cadaadiska Sare	Bir kaarboon ah	Darbiyada biyaha kululeeyaha cadaadiska sare leh, dhaqaaleyahannada
ASTM A210 / ASME SA210	Tuubooyinka Kuleyliyaha Birta Kaarboonka Dhexdhexaadka ah iyo Tuubooyinka Superheater-ka ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn	Bir kaarboon dhexdhexaad ah	Nidaamyada kuleyliyaha, kuleyliyaha sare
ASTM A213 / ASME SA213	Tuubooyinka Ferritic iyo Austenitic Alloy-bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn, kuleyliyaha sare iyo kuwa kuleylka-beddelka ah	Birta alwaaxa / birta aan lahayn	Kuleyliyaasha saldhigga korontada ee cadaadiska sare leh, cutubyo aad u muhiim ah

II. Falanqayn Faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan Heer kasta

1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179-Tuubooyinka Beddelka Kulaylka iyo Kondensarka

ASTM A179daboolidatuubooyinka birta yar ee kaarboon-yar oo aan kala go 'lahayn oo qabow-soo-gal ahsi gaar ah loogu talagalayqalabka beddela kulaylka, kondensarrada, iyo qalabka gudbinta kulaylka ee la midka ah.

Qalabka Aasaasiga ahBir yar oo kaarboon ah (kaarboonku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 0.06%–0.18%)

Sifooyinka Muhiimka ah ee Farsamada:

Xoogga Tijaabada: ≥325 MPa

Xoogga Wax Soo Saarka: ≥180 MPa

Kordhinta: ≥35%

Codsiyada Caadiga ah:

Beddelayaasha kulaylka ee qolof-iyo-tuubada

Kondenser-yada dusha sare

Nidaamyada kululaynta biyaha quudinta

Qalabka wareejinta kulaylka ee warshadaha batroolka iyo sifeynta

Faa'iidooyinka A179Kaarboon yar ayaa bixiyasifooyinka foorarsiga qabow ee aadka u fiican, awoodda fidinta dhamaadka tuubada, iyo mashiinno wanaagsanIyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay kaarboon yar, alxanka waa mid aad u fiican, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu dhaqaale badan qalabka wareejinta kulaylka.A179 iyo A192 waa "fardaha shaqada" ee adeegga kuleyliyaha cadaadiska hooseeya iyo kan dhexdhexaadka ah.

2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192-Heerka Tuubada Kuleyliyaha Cadaadiska Sare

ASTM A192daboolidatuubooyinka kuleeliyaha birta kaarboon aan kala go 'lahayn ee adeegga cadaadiska sare lehwaana mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo saldhiga korontada iyo kuleyliyaha warshadaha.

Qalabka Aasaasiga ahBir kaarboon ah (ka kooban kaarboon 0.06%–0.18%)

Sifooyinka Muhiimka ah ee Farsamada:

Xoogga Tijaabada: ≥325 MPa

Xoogga Wax Soo Saarka: ≥180 MPa

Kordhinta: ≥35%

Adkaanta: ≤137 HBW (77 HRB)

Codsiyada Caadiga ah:

Tuubooyinka derbiga biyaha

Tuubooyinka Dhaqaalaha

Qaybaha soo saarista uumiga

Kulayliyaha heerkulka hooseeya

Farqiga Muhiimka ah ee u dhexeeya A192 iyo A179A192 ayaa lagu soo rogayDulqaad adag oo dhumucdiisu tahay derbigawaana ku habboon tahaycodsiyada kuleyliyaha cadaadiska naqshadeynta sareMarka cadaadiska naqshaduhu ka bato xadka A179, A192 waa casriyeynta la doorbido. Labaduba waxay leeyihiin halabuurka kiimikada iyo heerarka xoogga oo isku mid ah, laakiin A192 waxay leedahay shuruudo wax soo saar iyo kormeer oo adag.

3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210-Tuubooyinka Kuleyliyaha Birta Kaarboon Dhexdhexaadka ah iyo Tuubooyinka Superheater-ka ah

ASTM A210daboolidatuubooyinka kuleeliyaha birta dhexdhexaadka ah ee kaarboon-kaarboon aan kala go 'lahayn iyo kuwa superheater-ka ahwaxayna bixisaa laba darajo oo xoog leh:Fasalka A1aadiyoFasalka C.

Qalabka Aasaasiga ahBir dhexdhexaad ah oo kaarboon ah

Fasalka A1aadKaarboon: Kaarboon qiyaastii 0.27%

Fasalka CKaarboon: Kaarboon qiyaastii 0.35%

Sifooyinka Muhiimka ah ee Farsamada:

Fasal	Xoogga Tijaabada	Xoogga Wax Soo Saarka	Adkaanta
A210 Heerka A1	≥415 MPa	≥255 MPa	≤143 HBW
A210 Darajada C	≥485 MPa	≥275 MPa	≤179 HBW

Codsiyada Caadiga ah:

Tuubooyinka nidaamka kuleyliyaha

Tuubooyinka kululeeyaha sare

Tuubooyinka uumiga heerkulka sare leh

Faa'iidada Muhiimka ah ee A210Kaarboonka dhexdhexaadka ah wuxuu bixiyaaxoog sare iyo iska caabin heerkulkaHeerka C wuxuu bixiyaa ku dhawaad ​​50% xoog ka sarreeya A179/A192, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee,alxanka iyo farsamaynta birta kaarboon-dhexe waxay u baahan yihiin xakameyn taxaddar lehA210 wuxuu ku habboon yahay nidaamyada kuleyliyaha iyo kuwa kululeeyaha sare leh heerkulka naqshadda ee ah400°C–450°C.

4. ASTM A213 / ASME SA213-Tuubooyinka Birta Daawaha iyo Birta aan Daxalka lahayn

ASTM A213daboolidatuubooyinka birta-birta ah ee ferritic iyo austenitic oo aan kala go 'lahayneekuleyliyaha, kuleyliyaha sare, iyo beddelaha kulaylkaqaybaha heerkulka sare leh.

Agabka Aasaasiga ahBirta Daawaha / Bir aan miridh lahayn

Daloolada Ferritic: T11, T12, T22, T91, T92, iwm.

Biraha aan lahayn Austenitic: TP304H, TP347H, iwm.

Sifooyinka Muhiimka ah ee Farsamada:

Fasal	Xoogga Tijaabada	Xoogga Wax Soo Saarka	Codsiga Caadiga ah
T11(1.25Cr-0.5Mo)	≥415 MPa	≥170 MPa	Darbiyada biyaha kuleyliyaha, kuleyliyaha aadka u fiican
T12(1Cr-0.5Mo)	≥415 MPa	≥205 MPa	Darbiyada biyaha kuleyliyaha, dhaqaaleyahannada
T22(2.25Cr-1Mo)	≥415 MPa	≥205 MPa	Kuleyliyeyaasha, qaybaha heerkulka sare ee warshadda sifeynta
T91(9Cr-1Mo-V)	≥585 MPa	≥415 MPa	Kuleyliyaha saldhigga korontada ee aadka u daran

Codsiyada Caadiga ah:

Darbiyada biyaha kuleyliyaha

Dhaqaale-bixiyeyaasha

Kuleyliyaha

Tuubooyinka uumiga

Qalabka sifeeynta heerkulka sare leh

Qiimaha Aasaasiga ah ee A213: Ku darista chromium (Cr) iyo molybdenum (Mo) waxay bixisaaiska caabin oksaydh oo aad u fiican iyo iska caabin gurguurta heerkulka sareT22 waxay shaqeyn kartaa muddo dheer540°C–580°C, halka T91/T92 loo isticmaali karo kor600°Ccutubyada aadka u muhiimka ah. Marka birta kaarboonka (A179/A192/A210) aysan buuxin karin shuruudaha xoogga gariirka heerkulka sare, birta daawaha A213 ayaa ah doorashada lama huraanka ah.

III. Sida Loo Doorto - Tilmaamaha Go'aanka Iibsiga

Xulashada Heerkulka / Cadaadiska

Xaaladda Adeegga	Heerka lagu taliyay	Sababta
Isweydaarsiga kulaylka heerkulka hooseeya, kondensarrada	A179	Kaarboon yar, kharash-ool ah, qaab-dhismeed wanaagsan
Kuleyliyeyaasha cadaadiska dhexdhexaadka ah/sare, dhaqaaleyahannada	A192	Dulqaad adag oo dhumucdiisuna tahay derbiga, oo ku habboon cadaadis sare
Kulayliyaha heerkulka sare leh (~450°C)	A210 Darajada C	Kaarboon dhexdhexaad ah, xoog sare
Qaybaha heerkulka sare (540°C+)	A213 T22	U adkaysta cayayaanka, u adkaysta oksaydhka
Supercritical (600°C+)	A213 T91/T92	Xoog aad u sarreeya, iska caabin kulayl oo aad u daran

Xulashada Nooca Qalabka

Nooca Qalabka	Heerka lagu taliyay	Cabbirka Kala Duwan
Isweydaarsiga kulaylka, kondensarrada	A179	OD 19–76.2mm
Darbiyada biyaha kululeeyaha cadaadiska sare leh, dhaqaaleyahannada	A192	OD 19–177.8mm
Kuleyliyeyaasha, kuleyliyeyaasha aadka u sarreeya	A210 A1/C	OD 19–127mm
qaybaha heerkulka sare ee kuleyliyaha Supercritical	A213 T11/T22/T91	OD 19–127mm

 

Hadday u baahan tahayTuubooyinka isku-beddelka kulaylka A179, Tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha cadaadiska sare leh ee A192, Tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha dhexdhexaadka ah ee A210, amaTuubooyinka birta ah ee daawaha A213 T11/T22/T91, Sanonpipe waxay bixisaaTayo Sare, Gaarsiin Degdeg ah, iyo Khatar Eber ah- xalal sahay hal-joojin ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicdaada.

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