Ityhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila luhlobo lwetyhubhu yebhoyila, olukwicandelo letyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo. Indlela yokuvelisa iyafana netyhubhu engenamthungo, kodwa kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo kwintsimbi esetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwetyhubhu yentsimbi. Ibhoyila enetyhubhu engenamthungo idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho kwigesi yomoya oshushu ophezulu kunye nomphunga wamanzi phantsi kwesenzo, kuya kubakho i-oxidation kunye nokugqwala. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ziyafuneka ukuba zibe namandla aqinileyo aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-oxidation ephezulu, kunye nozinzo oluhle lwezicubu. Ibhoyila enetyhubhu engenamthungo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa ityhubhu ye-superheater yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-ultra-high, ityhubhu ye-reheater, ibhoyila yesikhokelo segesi enetyhubhu engenamthungo, ityhubhu ephambili yomphunga, njl.njl.

Ityhubhu yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathiGB3087-1999, ityhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyilaGB5310-1999isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo zombhobho womphunga oshushu kakhulu webhoyila, umbhobho wamanzi abilayo kunye nebhoyila yelocomotive, umbhobho womphunga, umbhobho womphunga omncinci kunye nombhobho wezitena ze-arch wentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ekumgangatho ophezulu, eshushu eqengqelekayo kunye nebanda etsaliweyo (eqengqelekayo). Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yesakhiwo (GB/T8162-1999) yityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yesakhiwo ngokubanzi kunye nesakhiwo soomatshini. Iinkcukacha kunye nomgangatho wembonakalo:GB5310-95“Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu” umbhobho ogoqwe ngobushushu oshushu ongama-22 ~ 530mm, ubukhulu bodonga bungama-20 ~ 70mm. Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho obandayo otsalwa (ogoqwe ngobandayo) yi-10 ~ 108mm, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga buyi-2.0 ~ 13.0mm. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo okhethekileyo ligama eliqhelekileyo lombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo wezinye iimilo zecandelo elinqamlezileyo ngaphandle kombhobho ojikelezileyo. Ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu becandelo lombhobho wentsimbi, unokwahlulwa ube ngumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo olinganayo (ikhowudi ye-D), ubukhulu bodonga obungalinganiyo umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo okhethekileyo (ikhowudi ye-BD), ububanzi obuguquguqukayo umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo okhethekileyo (ikhowudi ye-BJ). Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, izixhobo kunye neendawo zoomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho ojikelezileyo, umbhobho okhethekileyo ngokubanzi unomzuzu omkhulu we-inertia kunye ne-section modulus, kwaye unamandla amakhulu okumelana nokugoba kunye nokugoba, okunokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besakhiwo kwaye kugcine intsimbi. 4. Uvavanyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali (1)GB3087-82Imigaqo "yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi". Indlela yokuvavanya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ngokwe-GB222-84 kunye ne-GB223 "Indlela yoHlalutyo lweeKhemikhali zeNtsimbi kunye neAlloy" icandelo elifanelekileyo. (2)GB5310-95Imigaqo ethi “iThubhu yeNtsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu”. Indlela yokuvavanya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ihambelana namacandelo afanelekileyo e-GB222-84, iNdlela yoHlalutyo lweeKhemikhali yeNtsimbi kunye ne-Alloy, kunye neNdlela yoHlalutyo lweeKhemikhali yeNtsimbi kunye ne-Alloy ye-GB223. (3) Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kweetyhubhu zentsimbi zebhoyila ezingenisiweyo kuya kwenziwa ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo echazwe kwisivumelwano. 5 iibhoyila ezinentsimbi engenamthungo (1) intsimbi yentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni esemgangathweni ophezulu yi-20G,20MnG, 25MnG.(2) intsimbi yentsimbi yesakhiwo ye-alloy 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB njalo njalo. (3) intsimbi enganyangekiyo nobushushu esetyenziswa rhoqo yi-1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni11Nb ityhubhu yebhoyila ukongeza ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini, ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic root by root, ukwenza uvavanyo lokuvutha, lokuthamba. Iityhubhu zentsimbi zihanjiswa zikwimeko yokunyangwa kobushushu. Ukongeza, kufuneka ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure, ubungakanani bengqolowa kunye nomaleko wokususa iicarbonization wombhobho wentsimbi ogqityiweyo.

6. Uvavanyo lokusebenza ngokomzimba(1)GB3087-82 “Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi"izibonelelo." Uvavanyo lokuxinana ngokwe-GB/T228-87, uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic ngokwe-GB/T241-90, uvavanyo lokutyumza ngokwe-GB/T246-97, uvavanyo lokuvutha ngokwe-GB/T242-97, uvavanyo lokugoba okubandayo ngokwe-GB24497(2)GB5310-95 "Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu"imigaqo. Uvavanyo lokuxinana, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kunye novavanyo lokuthamba ziyafana ne-GB3087-82; Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ngokwe-GB229-94, uvavanyo lokutshaya ngokwe-GB/T242-97, uvavanyo lobungakanani bengqolowa ngokwe-YB/T5148-93; Ngokwe-GB13298-91 yovavanyo lwezicubu ezincinci, i-GB224-87 yovavanyo lwemaleko e-decarbonized, kunye ne-GB224-87 yovavanyo lwe-ultrasonicGB/T5777-96.(3) Uhlolo lokusebenza ngokomzimba kunye nee-indexes zeetyhubhu zebhoyila ezingenisiweyo kufuneka zenziwe ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo echazwe kwisivumelwano.

7. Imeko ephambili yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle

(1) ityhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu amazwe angenisa impahla aphambili yiJapan, iJamani. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungeniswa iinkcukacha ze-15914.2 mm; 2734.0 mm; 219.110.0 mm; 41975mm; 406.460 mm, njl. Iinkcukacha ezincinci yi-31.84.5 mm, ubude buhlala buyi-5 ~ 8 m. (2) kwimeko yebango elingeniswayo, ityhubhu yebhoyila engenamthungo yaseJamani i-mannesmann, ityhubhu yepayipi engeniswe nge-ST45 ngovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic lobalo lwabantu, kwafunyaniswa ukuba inani elincinci leziphene zangaphakathi zepayipi yentsimbi zingaphezulu kunemigaqo yefektri kunye nemigangatho yombutho wentsimbi yaseJamani. (3) ityhubhu yentsimbi ye-alloy engeniswe eJamani, inqanaba lentsimbi yi-34 crmo4 kunye ne-12 crmov, njl. Olu hlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi lusebenza kakuhle, lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwityhubhu yentsimbi yebhoyila enobushushu obuphezulu. (4) ityhubhu ye-alloy engeniswe eJapan ngaphezulu, iinkcukacha mm5 426.012 ~ 8 m; 152.48.0 mm12m;89.110.0 mm6m; 101.610.0 mm12m; 114.38.0 mm6m; 127.08.0 mm9m Ukuphunyezwa kwe-JISG3458 yomgangatho wemizi-mveliso waseJapan, njengomgangatho wentsimbi ye-STPA25, olu hlobo lombhobho wentsimbi olusetyenziselwa ukufanisa netyhubhu ye-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu. Ukungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwetyhubhu ye-boiler yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, (1) ityhubhu ye-boiler yoxinzelelo oluphezulu amazwe angenisa kakhulu yiJapan, iJamani. Amaxesha amaninzi angenisa iinkcukacha ze-15914.2 mm;2734.0 mm;219.110.0 mm;41975mm; I-406.460 mm yeyona nkcazelo incinci efana ne-31.84.5 mm, ubude buhlala buyi-5 ~ 8 m. (2) kwimeko yebango elingeniswe kwamanye amazwe, i-Germany mannesmann seamless boiler tube, i-pipe mill engeniswe e-ST45 ngovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic lobalo lwabantu, ifumanise ukuba inani elincinci leziphene zangaphakathi ze-steel pipe zingaphezulu kunemigaqo yefektri kunye nemigangatho yombutho wentsimbi yaseJamani. (3) i-alloy steel pipe engeniswe eJamani, i-steel grade yi-34 crmo4 kunye ne-12 crmov, njl. Olu hlobo lwe-steel tube yokusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu lulungile, lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-boiler steel pipe yobushushu obuphezulu. (4) i-alloy tube engeniswe eJapan ngaphezulu, iinkcukacha mm5 426.012 ~ 8 m; 152.48.0 mm12m; 89.110.0 mm6m; 101.610.0 mm12m; 114.38.0 mm6m; 127.08.0 mm9m JISG3458 ukuphunyezwa komgangatho wemizi-mveliso waseJapan, njengomgangatho wentsimbi we-STPA25. Olu hlobo lombhobho wentsimbi lusetyenziselwa ukufanisa netyhubhu ye-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu.

Iindlela zokuvelisa ityhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila. Ibhoyila enohlobo lwetyhubhu engenamthungo. Iindlela zokuvelisa kunye netyhubhu engenamthungo ziyafana, kodwa zinesicelo esingqongqo sokwenza intsimbi esetyenziswa kumbhobho wentsimbi. Ngokwendlela yokusetyenziswa kobushushu, zingahlulwa zibe ziityhubhu ezimbini zebhoyila ngokubanzi kunye netyhubhu yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.1, isishwankathelo sendlela yokuvelisa (1):(1) ubushushu betyhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila ngokubanzi phantsi kwama-450 ℃, umbhobho wasekhaya usebenzisa ikakhulu i-10, intsimbi ye-carbon steel eshushu okanye ebandayo eyenziwe ngetyhubhu.(2) iityhubhu ezingenamthungo zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zihlala zikwimeko yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, xa usebenzisa umbhobho phantsi kwesenzo segesi yomoya oshushu ophezulu kunye nomphunga wamanzi, i-oxidation kunye nokugqwala kuya kwenzeka. Iimfuno zombhobho wentsimbi onamandla okuqhekeka aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwe-oxidation, kunye nozinzo oluhle lombutho. (2) sebenzisa: (1) ityhubhu yebhoyila eqhelekileyo engenamthungo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza ityhubhu yodonga lwamanzi, umbhobho wamanzi, ityhubhu yomphunga eshushu kakhulu, umbhobho womphunga welocomotive oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho omkhulu nomncinci kunye nezitena ze-arch zetyhubhu, njl. (2) ityhubhu yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu engenamthungo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa iityhubhu zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, ityhubhu yokuphinda ifudumale, umbhobho womphunga ophambili womoya, njl.

Ukusetyenziswa kwetyhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila

(1) ityhubhu yebhoyila eqhelekileyo engenamthungo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza ityhubhu yodonga lwamanzi, umbhobho wamanzi, ityhubhu yomphunga eshushu kakhulu, umbhobho womphunga welocomotive boiler oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho omkhulu nomncinci kunye nezitena ze-arch tube, njl.njl.(2) ityhubhu yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu engenamthungo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa iityhubhu zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, ityhubhu yokuphinda ifudumale, umbhobho womphunga ophambili womoya, njl.njl.(3) iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi ze-GB3087-82 kunye nomgaqo we-GB5310-95 "wetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu". Umgangatho wenkangeleko: ityhubhu yentsimbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle ayivumelekanga ukuba ibe nokuqhekeka, ukugoba, ukugoba, ukukrwela, ukuhlukanisa kunye nomgca weenwele. Ezi ziphene mazisuswe ngokupheleleyo. Susa ukuphambuka okungalunganga, ubunzulu abuyi kudlula ubukhulu bodonga obuqhelekileyo ukucocwa kubukhulu bodonga bokwenyani akuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwexabiso elincinci lobukhulu bodonga oluvunyelweyo. Indlela yokubala ubunzima bethiyori yetyhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila engenamthungo: – ubukhulu bodonga (ububanzi) * 0.02466 * ubukhulu bodonga.