1. Intshayelelo kuumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo
Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo ngumbhobho wentsimbi onecandelo elinqamlezileyo elingenanto kwaye awunamthungo ujikelezileyo. Unamandla aphezulu, uxhathiso lokugqwala kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okugqwesileyo, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifanaipetroliyam, ishishini leekhemikhali, umbane, kunyeulwakhiwo.
2. Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo
Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wesinyithi ongenamthungo ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
a. Lungisa izinto eziluhlaza: Khetha iibhilethi zentsimbi ezifanelekileyo, ezifuna umphezulu ogudileyo, ezingenamaqamza, ezingenazimfanta, kwaye ezingenaziphene zicacileyo.
b. Ukufudumeza: Ukufudumeza i-billet yentsimbi kubushushu obuphezulu ukuze ibe yiplastiki kwaye kube lula ukuyibumba.
c. Ukugqobhoza: I-billet yentsimbi eshushu igqobhoza ibe yityhubhu engenanto ngomatshini wokugqobhoza, oko kukuthi, umbhobho wentsimbi owenziwe kwangaphambili.
d. Ukuqengqeleka kwepayipi: Ityhubhu engenanto iqengqeleka amaxesha amaninzi ukunciphisa ububanzi bayo, ukwandisa ubukhulu bodonga lwayo, kunye nokususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
e. Ubungakanani: Umbhobho wentsimbi ekugqibeleni umiliselwa ngomatshini wobungakanani ukuze ububanzi kunye nobukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi buhlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.
f. Ukupholisa: Umbhobho wentsimbi omile okwesibuko uyapholiswa ukuze wongeze ubulukhuni namandla awo.
g. Ukulungisa: Lungisa umbhobho wentsimbi opholileyo ukuze uthintele ukugoba kwawo.
h. Uhlolo lomgangatho: Yenza uhlolo lomgangatho kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo, kubandakanya nokuhlolwa kobukhulu, ubukhulu bodonga, ubulukhuni, umgangatho womphezulu, njl.
3. Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo#Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo#
3. Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo#Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo#
Inkqubo ethile yokwenza imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yile ilandelayo:
a. Lungisa izinto eziluhlaza: Khetha iibhilethi zentsimbi ezifanelekileyo, ezingadingi ziphene, ezingenamaqamza, kwaye ezingenazimfa kumphezulu.
b. Ukufudumeza: Ukufudumeza i-billet yentsimbi ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu bokufudumeza ngokubanzi yi-1000-1200℃.
c. Ukugqobhoza: I-billet yentsimbi eshushu igqobhoza ibe yityhubhu engenanto ngomatshini wokubhoboza. Okwangoku, ityhubhu engenanto ayikakhiwa ngokupheleleyo.
d. Ukuqengqeleka kwepayipi: Ityhubhu engenanto ithunyelwa kumatshini wokuqengqeleka kwepayipi ukuze iqengqeleke izihlandlo ezininzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ububanzi betyhubhu kwaye konyuswe ubukhulu bodonga, ngelixa kususwa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
e. Ukufudumeza: Phinda ufudumeze ityhubhu egoqiweyo engenanto ukuze kususwe uxinzelelo lwayo lwangaphakathi olushiyekileyo.
f. Ubungakanani: Umbhobho wentsimbi ekugqibeleni umiliselwa ngomatshini wobungakanani ukuze ububanzi kunye nobukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi buhlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.
g. Ukupholisa: Pholisa umbhobho wentsimbi omile okwesibuko, ngokubanzi usebenzisa ukupholisa ngamanzi okanye ukupholisa umoya.
h. Ukulungisa: Lungisa umbhobho wentsimbi opholileyo ukuze uthintele ukugoba kwawo.
i. Uhlolo lomgangatho: Yenza uhlolo lomgangatho kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo, kubandakanya nokuhlolwa kobukhulu, ubukhulu bodonga, ubulukhuni, umgangatho womphezulu, njl.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe la manqaku alandelayo: okokuqala, umgangatho kunye nozinzo lwezixhobo ezikrwada kufuneka kuqinisekiswe; okwesibini, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha leenkqubo zokubhoboza nokuqengqeleka ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kunye nokuguquka; ekugqibeleni, ubungakanani kunye nokupholisa Uzinzo kunye nokuthe tye kombhobho wentsimbi kufuneka kugcinwe ngexesha lenkqubo.
4. Ulawulo lomgangatho wemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho weemibhobho zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, kufuneka kulawulwe ezi zinto zilandelayo:
a. Izinto ezikrwada: Sebenzisa iibhilethi zentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphene, amaqamza, okanye imifantu kumphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini zezinto ezikrwada ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.
b. Inkqubo yokuvelisa: Lawula ngokungqongqo inkqubo nganye kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wenkqubo nganye uzinzile kwaye uthembekile. Ingakumbi ngexesha leenkqubo zokubhoboza nokuqengqeleka, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kunye nokuguquka.
c. Ubukhulu: Yenza uhlolo olunobukhulu kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi bazo kunye nobukhulu bodonga ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezikhethekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa, ezinje ngee-micrometer, izixhobo zokulinganisa ubukhulu bodonga, njl.njl.
d. Umgangatho womphezulu: Yenza uhlolo lomgangatho womphezulu kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo, kubandakanya uburhabaxa bomphezulu, ubukho beentanda, ukugoba kunye nezinye iziphene. Ukuchonga kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlolo olubonakalayo okanye izixhobo zokuvavanya ezikhethekileyo.
e. Ulwakhiwo lweMetallographic: Yenza uvavanyo lwesakhiwo semetallographic kumbhobho wentsimbi ogqityiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo saso semetallographic siyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni. Ngokubanzi, imakroskopu isetyenziselwa ukujonga isakhiwo semetallographic nokujonga ukuba kukho iziphene zemicroscope na.
f. Iimpawu zoomatshini: Iimpawu zoomatshini zemibhobho yentsimbi egqityiweyo ziyavavanywa, kubandakanya ubulukhuni, amandla okutsalwa, amandla okukhupha kunye nezinye izalathisi. Oomatshini bokuvavanya ukutsalwa kunye nezinye izixhobo zingasetyenziselwa uvavanyo.
Ngamanyathelo okulawula umgangatho angentla, umgangatho weepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo unokuqinisekiswa ukuba uzinzile kwaye uthembekile, uhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo okusetyenziswa.
5. Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo
Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:
a. Ishishini lepetroliyam: lisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yemithombo yeoyile, kwimibhobho yeoyile nakwiimibhobho zeekhemikhali kwishishini lepetroliyam. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ineempawu zokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye inokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinzileyo kweshishini lepetroliyam.
b. Ishishini leekhemikhali: Kwishishini leekhemikhali, iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi ezahlukeneyo ze-chemical reaction, iipayipi zokuthutha ulwelo, njl. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala, inokumelana nokukhukuliseka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweshishini leekhemikhali.
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo yintsimbi engqukuva enecandelo elingenanto kwaye ayinamithungo ejikelezileyo. Ineempawu zokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi. Ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: imibhobho eqengqelekayo eshushu kunye nemibhobho eqengqelekayo ebandayo. Imibhobho eqengqelekayo eshushu yenziwa ngokufudumeza iibhelethi zentsimbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuze zigqobhoze, ziqengqeleke, ziphole kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kwaye zifanelekile kwimibhobho yentsimbi emikhulu neyinkimbinkimbi; imibhobho eqengqelekayo ebandayo yenziwa ngokuqengqeleka ebandayo kubushushu begumbi kwaye ifanelekile ukuveliswa Imibhobho yentsimbi emincinci enqamlezileyo kunye nechanekileyo ephezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-28-2023
