I. Uphuhliso lwamva nje kwi-EU CBAM Policy

Indlela yoLungiso lweMida yeKhabhoni ye-EU (I-CBAM) yangena ngokusesikweni "kwisigaba sayo sokutshaja" ngoJanuwari 1, 2026, iphawula utshintsho ukusuka kwisibhengezo solawulo ukuya kuxanduva olupheleleyo lwezemali. Iindidi ezintandathu zemveliso zigutyungelwe ekuqaleni: intsimbi, isamente, i-aluminium, izichumisi, umbane, kunye ne-hydrogen.

Ukususela ngo-2026, kwenziwe utshintsho oluninzi olubalulekileyo kwi-CBAM:

(1) Ixabiso leKhabhoni Lihlala Liphezulu

Kwikota yesibini ka-2026, ixabiso lesatifikethi se-CBAM lalimi kwi€75.28/ton (malunga ne-RMB 585/ton), igcina inqanaba eliphezulu. Ukususela ngo-2027, indlela yokubeka amaxabiso iya kutshintsha ukusuka kwizibhengezo zekota ukuya kwizeveki, ezidityaniswe ngexesha langempela namaxabiso okucoca iifandesi ze-EU ETS.

(2) Amaxabiso Angagqibekanga Ancitshiswe Kakhulu

Ngomhla wama-31 kuJulayi, ngo-2026, i-EU yakhupha uMgaqo (i-EU) ka-2026/1740, owawuhlaziya ngokubalulekileyo amaxabiso asisiseko e-CBAM. Iimveliso zentsimbi zibone ukwehla okukhulu:

Udidi lweMveliso Ixabiso Elimiselweyo Langaphambili (tCO)₂/ton) Ixabiso Elitsha Elingagqibekanga (tCO)₂/ton) Ukunciphisa

Iibhilethi/Igqityiwe kancinci (7207) 8.230 3.169 -61.5%

Intsimbi yehagu (7201) 7.920 1.660 -79.0%

Intsimbi ye-Alloy egqityiweyo (7224) 9.960-10.000 6.110-6.180 -38%

Lo mthetho mtsha ususa ii-coefficients ze-markup ze-10%, 20%, kunye ne-30% kumgaqo wangaphambili (we-EU) ka-2025/2621, ubuyela kumaxabiso ahlukileyo asisiseko asekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zemveliso.

(3) Ulwandiso lweMida

Ngomhla wesi-9 kweyeKhala ngo-2026, iKomiti yezeNdalo yePalamente yaseYurophu yavota ukwandisa ukugubungela kwe-CBAM ukusuka kwizixhobo ezisisiseko ukuya kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezisezantsi. NgoDisemba ka-2025, iKhomishini yaseYurophu icebise ukongeza malunga ne-180 iimveliso ezisezantsi ezisebenzisa intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium, ezigubungela oomatshini, iimveliso zehardware kunye nesinyithi, izinto zezithuthi, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha. Ukwandiswa kulindeleke ukuba kuqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2028.

(4) Amanyathelo okulwa nokungangenisi amanzi aqinisiweyo

Lo mthetho mtsha uqinisa amalungiselelo okulwa nokugqobhoza, apho "ukucubungula okuncinci" kungasathathwa njengendlela yokuphepha esemthethweni. Xa kuchongwa iindlela zokugqobhoza, iKhomishini inegunya lokusebenzisa amaxabiso aphezulu okukhupha ukungcola okuvela kwilizwe elivela kulo.

(5) Umda wokukhululwa kwiitoni ezingama-50

Ngowama-2025, iKhomishini yazisa umda wonyaka wokungangenisi iitoni ezingama-50. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba lo mlinganiselo uza kukhulula malunga nama-90% abathumeli mpahla ngaphandle ngelixa usagubungela malunga nama-99% okukhutshwa kwekhabhoni efanelekileyo.

II. Uhlalutyo lweMpembelelo kwiShishini leeMbhobho zeNsimbi

Njengeemveliso zentsimbi ezicutshungulwa nzulu, imibhobho yentsimbi ijongene nemingeni emininzi phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo we-CBAM:

(1) Impembelelo yeendleko zekhabhoni ngqo

Ukusebenzisa ukubala ixabiso elingagqibekanga, ukuthumela ngaphandle itoni enye yeemveliso zentsimbi ezigqunywe yiCBAM kunokubangela iindleko zekhabhoni ezingaphezulu kwe-RMB 130 ukuya kwi-4,670. Nangona izatifikethi zeCBAM zithengwa kwaye zinikezelwa ngabathumeli be-EU, abathumeli badla ngokudlulisa inxalenye okanye zonke ezi ndleko kubathengisi baseTshayina ngokunciphisa amaxabiso okanye imigqaliselo yokwabelana ngeendleko zekhabhoni yesivumelwano.

Imveliso yentsimbi yaseTshayina ikakhulu yi-blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF), ene-CO2.₂ukukhutshwa kwegesi okumalunga ne-2.0–Iitoni eziyi-2.2 ngetoni nganye yentsimbi—iphezulu kakhulu kunendlela ye-EU's electric arc furnace (EAF) kwi-0.4–Iitoni eziyi-0.6. Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lekhabhoni le-EU lasekuqaleni kuka-2026€88/toni, emva kokuba izibonelelo zasimahla zipheliswe ngokupheleleyo ngo-2034, iindleko ze-CBAM zokuthunyelwa kwentsimbi kwi-EU zinokunyuka nge€140–160 ngetoni nganye.

(2) Impembelelo yoLwandiso–Iipayipi zentsimbi zibandakanyiwe ngqo

Ngaphambili, iimveliso zokucubungula intsimbi ezifana neepayipi zisenokuba bezinobuxhakaxhaka obuthile ngokungabekwanga "kwizinto ezisisiseko." Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-CBAM ifikelela kwiimveliso zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium ezisebenzisa isinyithi, iipayipi zentsimbi, izinto zesinyithi ezakhiweyo, kunye neepayipi zesinyithi eziphosiweyo ziya kubandakanywa ngokuthe ngqo kumda wolawulo.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa: Ukwandiswa kwe-CBAM akuyihlawulisi yonke imveliso egqityiweyo, kodwa kubala ukukhutshwa kwentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium okufakwe ngaphakathi kwimveliso. Kwimibhobho yentsimbi, i-CBAM ibala kuphela ikhabhoni efakwe ngaphakathi yentsimbi esetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwemibhobho.—ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo emva koko kunye nokucubungula nokuvelisa akukho ngaphakathi komlinganiselo.

(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kabini kweerhafu kunye neendleko zekhabhoni

Imithetho emitsha ye-EU yokungenisa intsimbi evela ngoJulayi 2026 inciphise ii-quotas zokungenisa ezingenarhafu malunga ne-47% kwaye yaphinda kabini iirhafu zokungenisa ezingaphezulu ukusuka kwi-25% ukuya kwi-50%. Iindleko zekhabhoni kunye nemiqobo yerhafu ngoku zenza isiphumo esidibeneyo, sonyusa kakhulu umthwalo werhafu iyonke kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zepayipi zentsimbi.

(4) Umlinganiselo Wokuthobela Imithetho Ophezulu Kakhulu

Phantsi kokuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-CBAM, abathumeli ngaphandle kufuneka bathobele izibophelelo ezingqongqo zengxelo yedatha yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kubandakanya ukubalwa kwemveliso yekhabhoni, ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha yomntu wesithathu, kunye nokungeniswa kwengxelo yokuthobela imithetho. Amashishini esinyithi aseTshayina okwangoku ajongene nezikhewu kwimigangatho yokulinganisa ikhabhoni kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela idatha, okudala iingozi zexesha elifutshane zokungathobeli imithetho.

III. Iingcebiso zabaThumeli beeMbhobho zeNsimbi

1. Hlaziya iiKhowudi ze-CN zeMveliso: Jonga ukuba iimveliso zakho zemibhobho yentsimbi sele zigutyungelwe okanye ziya kugutyungelwa phantsi komgangatho we-CBAM ngo-2028.

2. Misela iiNkqubo zoLawulo lweDatha yeKhabhoni: Yakha iinkqubo zolawulo lwekhabhoni zedijithali ukusuka kwinqanaba lemveliso ukuya kwinqanaba lobonelelo, udala iirekhodi zedatha yokukhupha ikhabhoni echanekileyo, ecacileyo, nelandelekayo.

3. Beka phambili ingxelo yexabiso lokwenyani: Nangona amaxabiso asisiseko ehlisiwe kakhulu, ahlala ephezulu kunamanqanaba okwenyani okukhupha umbane kwiinkampani ezininzi zaseTshayina. Ukusebenzisa amaxabiso okwenyani okukhupha umbane aqinisekisiweyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zerhafu yekhabhoni. Qaphela ukuba ingxelo yexabiso lokwenyani ifuna ukubalwa kwezimali kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobuchwephesha ziiarhente zangaphandle ezivunyiweyo.

4. Ukuqhuba Utshintsho Olunekhabhoni Ephantsi: Nciphisa ubunzulu bekhabhoni yemveliso kumthombo ngokuphucula izakhiwo zamandla, ukungenisa izinto ezikrwada ezinekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso.

5. Sebenzisana nabangenisi be-EU: Misela iindlela zokwabelana ngedatha yekhabhoni nabangenisi be-EU kwaye uqhagamshelane ngamalungiselelo okwabelana ngeendleko zekhabhoni kwangaphambili ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka kwee-odolo okanye ilahleko ngenxa yemiba yokuthobela imithetho.