Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yintsimbi engqukuva, enesikwere, exande enecandelo elingenanto kwaye ayinamithungo ejikelezileyo. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zenziwe ngee-ingots okanye ii-billets eziqinileyo ezigqobhoziweyo kwiityhubhu ze-capillary zize emva koko ziqengqeleke zishushu, ziqengqeleke zibandayo okanye zitsalwe zibanda.

Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo onecandelo elingenanto, inani elikhulu leepayipi ezisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ulwelo, Ngamandla okugoba kunye nokujika ngaxeshanye, Ukuthelekisa umbhobho wentsimbi nentsimbi ejikelezileyo kunye nezinye intsimbi eqinileyo. Ubunzima bombhobho wentsimbi bulula, luhlobo lwecandelo lentsimbi elinoqoqosho, elisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kweendawo zesakhiwo kunye neendawo zoomatshini, ezifana ne-oyile steel scaffolding.

Imveliso yeetyhubhu zentsimbi engenamthungo inembali ephantse ibe yiminyaka eli-100. Abazalwana baseJamani baseManismann baqala ukuvelisa i-punch yokuqengqeleka eneeroli ezimbini ngo-1885, baza bavelisa umatshini wokuqengqeleka kweepayipi ngo-1891, kwaye iSwiss RCStiefel yasungula umatshini wokuqengqeleka kweepayipi ozenzekelayo (okwaziwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuqengqeleka kweepayipi ophezulu) ngo-1903, kwaye oomatshini abahlukeneyo bokwandisa, njengomatshini wokuqengqeleka kweepayipi oqhubekayo kunye nomatshini wokutyhala iipayipi, baqala ukwenza ishishini lanamhlanje leetyhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, kwasetyenziswa umzi-mveliso weepayipi ezineeroli ezintathu.

Umatshini wokushicilela i-extrusion kunye nomatshini wokuqengqeleka obandayo rhoqo ziphucula uluhlu kunye nomgangatho weetyhubhu zentsimbi. Kwiminyaka yoo-1960, ngenxa yokuphuculwa komatshini wokuqengqeleka oqhubekayo, ukuvela kwe-punch ye-three-roll, ngakumbi impumelelo yokusetyenziswa komatshini wokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye ne-billet yokuphosa eqhubekayo, kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwaye kwaphucula ukukhuphisana kombhobho ongenamthungo kunye nombhobho odibeneyo.

Kwiminyaka yoo-1970, umbhobho ongenamthungo kunye nombhobho odibeneyo ziyahambelana, kwaye imveliso yombhobho wentsimbi yehlabathi iyanda ngaphezulu kwe-5% ngonyaka. Ukusukela ngo-1953, iTshayina ibandakanye ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini leetyhubhu zentsimbi engenamthungo, kwaye ekuqaleni yenze inkqubo yemveliso yokuqengqa iipayipi ezahlukeneyo ezinkulu, eziphakathi nezincinci. Ngokubanzi, umbhobho wobhedu ukwamkela inkqubo yokuqengqa kunye nokugqobhoza i-billet, ukuqengqa i-pipe mill kunye nokuzoba i-coil.

Isicelokunye nokuhlelwa kweetyhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo

Isicelo: Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo luhlobo lwentsimbi yecandelo lezoqoqosho, inesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-petroleum, kushishino lweekhemikhali, kwibhoyila, kwisikhululo samandla, kwiinqanawa, kwimveliso yoomatshini, kwiimoto, kwinqwelomoya, kwi-aerospace, kumandla, kwi-geology, kulwakhiwo nakwicandelo lezomkhosi.

Udidi:

(1) Ngokwemilo yecandelo elahlulwe laba: ityhubhu yecandelo elijikelezayo, ityhubhu yecandelo elinomfanekiso okhethekileyo

(2) ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi ye-alloy, umbhobho wentsimbi engatyiwayo, umbhobho odibeneyo

(3) Ngokwendlela yoqhagamshelwano: umbhobho woqhagamshelo olunemisonto, umbhobho wokuwelda

(4) Ngokwendlela yokuvelisa: umbhobho wokuqengqeleka oshushu (ukukhupha, umphezulu, ukwandiswa), umbhobho wokuqengqeleka obandayo (wokutsala)

(5) Ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo: umbhobho webhoyila, umbhobho womthombo weoyile, umbhobho wombhobho, umbhobho wolwakhiwo, umbhobho wesichumiso.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo

Inkqubo ephambili yemveliso yetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo eshushu (inkqubo ephambili yokuhlola):

Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-billet yepayipi → ukufudumeza i-billet yepayipi → ukugqobhoza → umbhobho oqengqelekayo → ukufudumeza kwakhona umbhobho ongenanto → ukulungisa (ukunciphisa) ububanzi → unyango lobushushu → ukolula umbhobho ogqityiweyo → ukugqiba → ukuhlolwa (okungonakalisiyo, okubonakalayo kunye nokwekhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwesikhululo) → indawo yokugcina impahla

(2) Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oqengqelekayo (odwebayo)

Ukulungiswa kwe-billet → ukucola kunye nokuthambisa → ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (ukuzoba) → unyango lobushushu → ukulula → ukugqiba → ukuhlolwa

Itshathi yokuhamba kwenkqubo yemveliso yetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo eshushu eqengqelekayo yile ilandelayo: