20G: Linani lentsimbi edwelisiweyo le-GB5310-95 (iimpawu zangaphandle ezifanayo: st45.8 eJamani, STB42 eJapan, kunye ne-SA106B eMelika). Yeyona ntsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yentsimbi yebhoyila. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini ziyafana nezo zepleyiti zentsimbi ezingama-20. Intsimbi inamandla athile kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi nophezulu, umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, iplastiki engcono kunye nokuqina, kunye neempawu ezintle zokubanda nokushisa kunye nokwenza i-welding. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa izixhobo zemibhobho yebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neparameter ephezulu, ii-superheaters, ii-reheaters, ii-economizers kunye neendonga zamanzi kwicandelo lobushushu obuphantsi; njengeepayipi ezincinci zobukhulu bokufudumeza iipayipi zomphezulu ezinobushushu bodonga obuyi-≤500℃, kunye neendonga zamanzi. Iipayipi, iipayipi ze-economizer, njl.njl., iipayipi ezinkulu zobukhulu bompompo kunye nee-headers (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, i-superheater yobushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-reheater header) enobushushu bodonga obuyi-≤450℃, kunye neepayipi ezinobushushu obuphakathi obuyi-≤450℃. Izixhobo njl.njl. Ekubeni intsimbi yekhabhoni iya kwenziwa i-graphitized ukuba isebenza ixesha elide ngaphezulu kwe-450°C, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide betyhubhu yobushushu bungcono bube ngaphantsi kwe-450°C. Kolu luhlu lobushushu, amandla entsimbi anokuhlangabezana neemfuno zee-superheater kunye neepayipi zomphunga, kwaye inokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation, ukuqina kweplastiki, ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nezinye iimpawu zokucubungula ezishushu nezibandayo, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu. Intsimbi esetyenziswa kwi-oven yase-Iran (ebhekisa kwiyunithi enye) ngumbhobho wokungenisa amanzi amdaka (ubuninzi bawo yi-28 tons), umbhobho wokungenisa amanzi ngomphunga (iitoni ezingama-20), umbhobho wokudibanisa ngomphunga (iitoni ezingama-26), kunye ne-economizer header (iitoni ezi-8). ), inkqubo yamanzi okususa ubushushu (iitoni ezi-5), enye isetyenziswa njengentsimbi ethe tyaba kunye nezinto zokugquma (malunga neetoni ezingama-86).

I-SA-210C (25MnG): Yindlela yentsimbi esemgangathweni we-ASME SA-210. Yityhubhu encinci yentsimbi ye-carbon-manganese enobubanzi obuncinci yeebhoyila kunye nee-superheater, kwaye yintsimbi enamandla obushushu e-pearlite. I-China yayityala kwi-GB5310 ngo-1995 yaza yayithiya igama elithi 25MnG. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula ngaphandle komxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese, okunye kufana ne-20G, ngoko ke amandla ayo okuvelisa aphezulu malunga ne-20% kune-20G, kwaye i-plasticity kunye nokuqina kwayo kufana ne-20G. Intsimbi inenkqubo elula yokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubanda nokushisa. Ukuyisebenzisa endaweni ye-20G kunokunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto, Okwangoku kuphucula ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwibhoyila. Inxalenye yayo yokusetyenziswa kunye nobushushu bokusetyenziswa ziyafana ne-20G, ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu udonga lwamanzi, i-economizer, i-superheater yobushushu obuphantsi kunye nezinye izinto ezinobushushu obuphantsi kune-500℃.

I-SA-106C: Yinqanaba lentsimbi kumgangatho we-ASME SA-106. Yipayipi yentsimbi ye-carbon-manganese yeebhoyila ezinkulu kunye nee-superheaters zobushushu obuphezulu. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali lulula kwaye lufana nentsimbi yekhabhoni ye-20G, kodwa umxholo wayo wekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese uphezulu, ngoko ke amandla ayo okuvelisa aphezulu malunga ne-12% kunalawo e-20G, kwaye i-plasticity kunye nokuqina kwayo azimbi. Intsimbi inenkqubo elula yokuvelisa kwaye isebenza kakuhle kubanda kwaye ishushu. Ukuyisebenzisa endaweni yee-headers ze-20G (economizer, udonga lwamanzi, i-superheater yobushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-reheater header) kunokunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga malunga ne-10%, nto leyo enokonga iindleko zezinto, inciphise umthwalo womsebenzi we-welding, kwaye iphucule ii-headers. Umahluko woxinzelelo ekuqaleni.

I-15Mo3 (15MoG): Yipayipi yentsimbi esemgangathweni we-DIN17175. Yityhubhu yentsimbi ye-carbon-molybdenum enobubanzi obuncinci ye-boiler superheater, Okwangoku yintsimbi enamandla obushushu e-pearlitic. I-China yayitshintshela kwi-GB5310 ngo-1995 yaza yayithiya igama elithi 15MoG. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula, kodwa ine-molybdenum, ngoko ke ngelixa igcina ukusebenza okufanayo njengentsimbi ye-carbon, amandla ayo obushushu angcono kunentsimbi ye-carbon. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, iye yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngamazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi inesimo sokubonisa i-graphitization ekusebenzeni ixesha elide kubushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ke ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-510℃, kwaye ubungakanani be-Al eyongeziweyo ngexesha lokunyibilikisa kufuneka bunqunyelwe ekulawuleni nasekulibaziseni inkqubo yokubonisa i-graphitization. Le pipe yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ii-superheaters ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nee-reheaters ezinobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye ubushushu bodonga bungaphantsi kwe-510℃. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali yi-C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lamandla omlilo yi-σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Iplastiki yi-δ≥22.

I-SA-209T1a (20MoG): Yinqanaba lentsimbi kumgangatho we-ASME SA-209. Yityhubhu yentsimbi ye-carbon-molybdenum enobubanzi obuncinci yeebhoyila kunye nee-superheaters, kwaye yintsimbi enamandla obushushu e-pearlite. I-China yayityala kwi-GB5310 ngo-1995 yaza yayithiya ngokuba yi-20MoG. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali lulula, kodwa ine-molybdenum, ngoko ke ngelixa igcina ukusebenza okufanayo njengentsimbi ye-carbon, amandla ayo obushushu angcono kunentsimbi ye-carbon. Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi inesimo sokubonisa i-graphitize ekusebenzeni ixesha elide kubushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ke ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-510℃ kwaye kuthintelwe ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Ngexesha lokunyibilikisa, ubungakanani be-Al eyongeziweyo kufuneka bunqunyelwe ekulawuleni nasekulibaziseni inkqubo ye-graphitization. Le pipe yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ikakhulu iindawo ezifana neendonga ezipholiswe ngamanzi, ii-superheaters kunye nee-reheaters, kwaye ubushushu bodonga bungaphantsi kwe-510℃. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali yi-C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; inqanaba lamandla eliqhelekileyo yi-σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; i-plasticity yi-δ≥30.

I-15CrMoG: yi-GB5310-95 steel grade (ehambelana neentsimbi ze-1Cr-1/2Mo kunye ne-11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela). Umxholo wayo we-chromium uphezulu kunowentsimbi ye-12CrMo, ngoko ke unamandla aphezulu obushushu. Xa ubushushu budlula i-550℃, amandla ayo obushushu ancitshiswa kakhulu. Xa isebenza ixesha elide kwi-500-550℃, i-graphitization ayizukwenzeka, kodwa i-carbide spheroidization kunye nokusasazwa kwakhona kwezinto ze-alloying kuya kwenzeka, konke oku kukhokelela kubushushu bentsimbi. Amandla ayancitshiswa, kwaye intsimbi inokumelana okuhle kokuphumla kwi-450°C. Ukusebenza kwayo kwenkqubo yokwenza imibhobho kunye nokuwelda kulungile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengemibhobho yomphunga enoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphakathi kunye neentloko ezineeparamitha zomphunga ezingaphantsi kwama-550℃, iityhubhu ze-superheater ezinobushushu bodonga lwetyhubhu obungaphantsi kwama-560℃, njl. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali yi-C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; inqanaba lamandla yi-σs≥ kwimeko eqhelekileyo yobushushu yi-235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Iplastiki yi-δ≥21.

I-T22 (P22), i-12Cr2MoG: I-T22 (P22) zizixhobo ezisemgangathweni ze-ASME SA213 (SA335), ezidweliswe kwi-GB5310-95 yaseTshayina. Kuluhlu lwentsimbi ye-Cr-Mo, amandla ayo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye amandla ayo okunyamezela kunye noxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kubushushu obufanayo luphezulu nangakumbi kunentsimbi ye-9Cr-1Mo. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kumandla obushushu angaphandle, amandla enyukliya kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo. Uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Kodwa uqoqosho lwayo lobuchwephesha alulunganga njenge-12Cr1MoV yelizwe lam, ngoko ke ayisetyenziswa kangako kwimveliso yebhoyila yamandla obushushu asekhaya. Isetyenziswa kuphela xa umsebenzisi eyicela (ingakumbi xa iyilwe kwaye yenziwe ngokweenkcazo ze-ASME). Intsimbi ayinangxaki kunyango lobushushu, ine-plasticity ephezulu eqinileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding. Iityhubhu ezincinci ze-T22 zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengeetyhubhu zokufudumeza umphezulu wee-superheaters kunye nee-reheaters ezinobushushu bodonga lwesinyithi obungaphantsi kwe-580℃, ngelixa iityhubhu ezinkulu ze-P22 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokudibanisa ii-superheater/reheaters ezinobushushu bodonga lwesinyithi obungadluli kwi-565℃. Ibhokisi kunye nombhobho ophambili womphunga. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali yi-C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; inqanaba lamandla σs≥280, σb≥ phantsi kobushushu obuhle obuyi-450-600 MPa; Iplastiki δ≥20.

I-12Cr1MoVG: Yintsimbi edwelisiweyo ye-GB5310-95, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-superheaters zasekhaya ezine-high-pressure, ultra-high, kunye ne-subcritical power station boiler, ii-headers kunye nee-main steam pipes. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini ziyafana nezo zephepha le-12Cr1MoV. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali lulula, umxholo we-alloy uwonke ungaphantsi kwe-2%, kwaye yintsimbi eshushu ene-carbon ephantsi, ene-low-alloy pearlite. Phakathi kwazo, i-vanadium inokwenza i-VC ye-carbide ezinzileyo ene-carbon, enokwenza i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum kwintsimbi zibe khona ngokukhethekileyo kwi-ferrite, kwaye inciphise isantya sokudluliselwa kwe-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum ukusuka kwi-ferrite ukuya kwi-carbide, okwenza intsimbi ibe nozinzo ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Isixa esipheleleyo sezinto ezixutyiweyo kule ntsimbi sisiqingatha kuphela sentsimbi ye-2.25Cr-1Mo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe, kodwa amandla ayo okunyamezela kwi-580℃ kunye ne-100,000 h aphezulu ngama-40% kuneyokugqibela; kwaye inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ilula, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokuwelda kulungile. Logama nje inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ingqongqo, ukusebenza okwanelisayo ngokubanzi kunye namandla obushushu kunokufumaneka. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesikhululo samandla kubonisa ukuba umbhobho ophambili womphunga we-12Cr1MoV unokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa emva kweeyure ezili-100,000 zokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-540°C. Iipayipi ezinkulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengeentloko kunye neepayipi eziphambili zomphunga ezineeparamitha zomphunga ezingaphantsi kwe-565℃, kwaye iipayipi ezincinci zisetyenziselwa iipayipi zokufudumeza umphezulu webhoyila ezinobushushu bodonga lwesinyithi ngaphantsi kwe-580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Yintsimbi ekumgangatho we-GB5310-95. Yintsimbi eshushu ye-bainite enekhabhoni ephantsi, e-alloy ephantsi (inani elincinci lee-multiple) eyaphuhliswa kwaye yaphuhliswa lilizwe lam ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Ifakiwe kwi-Ministry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970 -70 kunye nomgangatho wesizwe wangoku. Ekupheleni kowama-1980, intsimbi yadlula uvavanyo oludibeneyo lwe-Ministry of Metallurgy, i-Ministry of Machinery and Electric Power. Intsimbi ineempawu ezintle zoomatshini, kwaye amandla ayo obushushu kunye nobushushu benkonzo budlula obo bentsimbi zangaphandle ezifanayo, ifikelela kwinqanaba lezinye iintsimbi ze-chromium-nickel austenitic kwi-620℃. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezixutywayo ezikwintsimbi, kwaye izinto ezifana ne-Cr, i-Si, njl.njl. eziphucula ukumelana ne-oxidation nazo zongezwa, ngoko ke ubushushu obuphezulu benkonzo bunokufikelela kwi-620°C. Ukusebenza kwesikhululo samandla kubonise ukuba ulungelelwaniso kunye nokusebenza kombhobho wentsimbi akutshintshanga kangako emva kokusebenza ixesha elide. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengetyhubhu ye-superheater kunye netyhubhu ye-reheater yebhoyila ye-parameter ephezulu kakhulu enobushushu besinyithi ≤620℃. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali yi-C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; inqanaba lamandla σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa kwimeko yokuthomalalisa okuhle; i-plasticity δ≥18.

I-SA-213T91 (335P91): Ludidi lwentsimbi kumgangatho we-ASME SA-213 (335). Luhlobo lwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamandla enyukliya (ezisetyenziswa nakwezinye iindawo) eziphuhliswe yiRubber Ridge National Laboratory yase-United States. Intsimbi isekelwe kwintsimbi ye-T9 (9Cr-1Mo), kwaye inqunyelwe kwimida ephezulu nesezantsi yomxholo wekhabhoni. , Ngelixa ilawula ngokungqongqo umxholo wezinto eziseleyo ezifana ne-P kunye ne-S, i-trace ye-0.030-0.070% ye-N, i-trace yezinto ezibumba i-carbide enamandla ye-0.18-0.25% ye-V kunye ne-0.06-0.10% ye-Nb yongezwa ukuze kufezekiswe ukucocwa. Uhlobo olutsha lwentsimbi ye-ferritic enganyangekiyo nobushushu yenziwe ngokweemfuno zengqolowa; Yi-ASME SA-213 steel grade edwelisiweyo, kwaye iTshayina yatshintshela intsimbi kwi-GB5310 standard ngo-1995, kwaye i-grade imiselwe njenge-10Cr9Mo1VNb; kwaye i-ISO/ DIS9329-2 standard yamazwe ngamazwe idweliswe njenge-X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-chromium (9%), ukumelana kwayo ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokuthambekela kokungaguquguquki kwe-graphitization kungcono kuneentsimbi eziphantsi kwe-alloy. I-element molybdenum (1%) iphucula kakhulu amandla aphezulu obushushu kwaye ithintela intsimbi ye-chromium. Utyekelo lokuqhaqhazela okushushu; Xa kuthelekiswa ne-T9, iphucule ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza kokudinwa kobushushu, ukuqina kwayo kwi-600°C kuphindwe kathathu kunokwesibini, kwaye igcina ukumelana nokugqwala okushushu okuphezulu kwentsimbi ye-T9 (9Cr-1Mo); Xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic, ine-coefficient encinci yokwandisa, i-thermal conductivity elungileyo, kunye namandla aphezulu okunyamezela (umzekelo, xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi ye-austenitic ye-TP304, linda ude ubushushu obuqinileyo bube yi-625°C, kwaye ubushushu obulinganayo boxinzelelo bube yi-607°C). Ke ngoko, ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, isakhiwo esizinzileyo kunye nokusebenza ngaphambi nasemva kokuguga, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-superheaters kunye nee-reheaters ezinobushushu besinyithi obuyi-≤650℃ kwiibhoyila. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali yi-C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; inqanaba lamandla yi-σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa kwimeko yokuthomalalisa okuhle; i-plasticity yi-δ≥20.