Umbhobho wentsimbi onomlinganiselo wangaphandle wokutyeba kodonga ungaphantsi kwama-20 ubizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho wentsimbi engqindilili.

Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengemibhobho yokomba yepetroleum, imibhobho eqhekekileyo yoshishino lwepetrochemical, imibhobho yebhoyila, imibhobho ethwele imibhobho kunye nemibhobho echanekileyo yolwakhiwo oluphezulu yeemoto, iitrektara, kunye nenqwelomoya.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo

1. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu (umbhobho wentsimbi okhutshiweyo ongenamthungo): umbhobho wetyhubhu engqukuva → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka okuqengqelekayo okuthathu, ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhutshwa kombhobho → ukususwa kombhobho → ukulinganisa (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → Ukuqondisa → uvavanyo lwehydraulic (okanye ukubhaqwa kwempazamo) → ukumakisha → ukugcina.

Izinto ezikrwada zokuqengqeleka kwemibhobho engenamthungo yibillet yombhobho ongqukuva, iibhilethi zemibhobho engqukuva zisikwa ngumatshini wokusika kwibillet enobude obumalunga nemitha eyi-1 kwaye ithunyelwe kwiziko lokufudumeza ngebhanti yokuhambisa. Ibillet ifakwa eziko kwaye ifudunyezwe kubushushu obumalunga ne-1200 degrees Celsius. Amafutha yihydrogen okanye iacetylene. Ulawulo lobushushu kwisithando somlilo ngumba ophambili. Emva kokuba ityhubhu ejikelezayo iphumile kwisithando somlilo, kufuneka ihlatywe ngomatshini woxinzelelo. Ngokubanzi, oyena matshini uqhelekileyo wokugqobhoza ngumatshini wokugqobhoza onetapered. Olu hlobo lomatshini wokubhoboza lunomgangatho ophezulu wokuvelisa, umgangatho omhle wemveliso, ukwandiswa kwedayamitha ye-perforation enkulu, kwaye unokugqoka iindidi zentsimbi. Emva kokubhoboza, i-tube billet ejikelezayo inqunyulwa ngokulandelelanayo, iqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo okanye ikhutshwe yimiqulu emithathu. Emva kokukhama, khupha ityhubhu kwaye ulinganise. Umatshini wokulinganisa ujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-conical drill bit ukubhoboza imingxuma kwintsimbi engenanto ukwenza umbhobho wentsimbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho wensimbi buchongwa ngobude bobubanzi bangaphandle be-drill bit yomatshini wokulinganisa. Emva kokuba umbhobho wensimbi ulinganisiwe, ungena kwinqaba yokupholisa kwaye upholiswe ngokutshiza amanzi. Emva kokuba umbhobho wensimbi upholile, uya kulungiswa. Emva kokulungiswa, umbhobho wensimbi uthunyelwa kwi-metal flaw detector (okanye uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic) ngebhanti yokuhambisa ukukhangela impazamo yangaphakathi. Ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka, ama-bubbles, njl. ngaphakathi kwipayipi yensimbi, iya kubonwa. Emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho wemibhobho yentsimbi, ukhetho olungqongqo lwencwadi luyafuneka. Emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho wombhobho wensimbi, penda inombolo ye-serial, inkcazo, inombolo yebhetshi yokuvelisa, njl. Ithwalwa ngekhreyini kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla.

2. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsaliweyo (uqengqiwe): umbhobho ongqukuva wetyhubhu → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukufakwa kwe-oyile (icwecwe lobhedu) → umzobo obandayo ogqithisayo (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu yebhiliti → ukulungisa ubushushu → ukolula → uvavanyo lokucinezela amanzi (ukubona isiphene) → ukuphawula → ukuphawula.

Umbhobho wodidi olungenamthungo lwemveliso-umbhobho oqengqelekayo oshushu, umbhobho oqengqelekayo obandayo, umbhobho otsalwa ngokubanda, umbhobho okhutshiweyo, ukugqobhoza kombhobho.

1. Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo kwisakhiwo (i-GB / T8162-1999) yipayipi yensimbi engenamthungo yesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kunye nesakhiwo somatshini.

2. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokuthutha ulwelo (GB/T8163-1999) yimibhobho yentsimbi eqhelekileyo engenamthungo esetyenziselwa ukuthutha amanzi, i-oyile, igesi kunye nolunye ulwelo.

3. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kwiibhoilers eziphantsi kunye neziphakathi (GB3087-1999) zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imibhobho yomphunga eshushu kakhulu, imibhobho yamanzi abilayo kwiibhoyila eziphantsi kunye neziphakathi zoxinzelelo lwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nemibhobho yomphunga eshushu kakhulu kwiibhoyili ze-locomotive, imibhobho emikhulu yomlilo, imibhobho yomlilo emincinci kunye nezitena ze-arch Umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel pipes-drawn steel hot-drawn iron.

4. Imibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo kwiibhoyili eziphezulu (i-GB5310-1995) ziphezulu ze-carbon steel, i-alloy steel kunye ne-stainless heat-resistant-resistant-resistant steel pipes for the warm surface of water-tube boilers with high pressure and above.

5. Imibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwezixhobo zesichumisi (GB6479-2000) yintsimbi ye-carbon structural steel ephezulu kunye ne-alloy steel seamless steel pipes ezifanelekileyo kwizixhobo zekhemikhali kunye nemibhobho enobushushu obusebenzayo be-40 ~ 400 ℃ kunye noxinzelelo lokusebenza lwe-10 ~ 30Ma.

6. Imibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo yokuqhekeka kwe-petroleum (GB9948-88) yimibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo efanelekileyo kwiibhubhu zesithando somlilo, ukutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nemibhobho kwi-petroleum refineries.

7. Imibhobho yentsimbi yokugaya i-geological drilling (YB235-70) yimibhobho yentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukugaya i-core ngamasebe e-geological. Zinokwahlulwa zibe yimibhobho yokubhobhoza, i-collars drill, i-core pipes, i-casing pipe kunye ne-sedimentation pipes ngokweenjongo zabo.

8. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokugrumba undoqo wedayimane (GB3423-82) yimibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kwimibhobho yokubhobhoza, iirodi eziphambili, kunye neecasings ezisetyenziselwa ukomba ongundoqo wedayimani.

9. Umbhobho wokugaya iPetroleum (YB528-65) ngumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo osetyenziselwa ukujiya ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kuzo zombini iziphelo zokomba ioli. Imibhobho yentsimbi yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: ucingo kunye nolungenacingo. Imibhobho yocingo idityaniswe ngamacandelo, kwaye iipayipi ezingenazintambo zidibene kunye nezixhobo zesixhobo nge-welding butt.

10. Iibhobho zentsimbi zeCarbon ezingenamthungo kwiinqanawa (i-GB5213-85) ziyimibhobho yentsimbi ye-carbon steel engenamthungo esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweenkqubo zemibhobho yoxinzelelo lwe-Class I, i-Class II system piping systems, iibhoyili kunye ne-superheaters. Ubushushu obusebenzayo bentsimbi yentsimbi engenamthungo yodonga lombhobho aludluli kwi-450 ℃, ngelixa olo lwentsimbi yentsimbi engenamthungo yodonga lombhobho ludlula i-450 ℃.

11. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zemikhono ye-axle yemoto (i-GB3088-82) zikumgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yesakhiwo sentsimbi kunye ne-alloy structural steel hot-rolled seamless steel tubes zokwenza imikhono ye-axle yemoto kunye neetyhubhu ze-axle zokuqhuba.

12. Imibhobho yeoli enoxinzelelo oluphezulu yeenjini zedizili (GB3093-86) yimibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo etsalwa ngokubanda esetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lweenkqubo zokutofa kwenjini yedizili.

13. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo engaphakathi kwedayamitha echanekileyo ye-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic cylinders (GB8713-88) yimibhobho yentsimbi echanekileyo etsalwa ngokubanda okanye eqengqelekayo epholileyo engenamthungo enedayamitha echanekileyo yangaphakathi yokwenziwa kweesilinda zehydraulic kunye nepneumatic.

14. Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo opholileyo obandayo okanye obandayo (i-GB3639-83) ngumbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo okanye owenziwe ngokubanda ochanekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokuchaneka kunye nokugqiba kakuhle kwendawo yokwakhiwa komatshini kunye nezixhobo ze-hydraulic. Ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo echanekileyo ukuvelisa izakhiwo zoomatshini okanye izixhobo zehydraulic kunokusindisa kakhulu iiyure zoomatshini, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

15. Umbhobho wensimbi yensimbi engenamthungo (GB / T14975-1994) yintsimbi eshushu eyenziwe ngemibhobho enganyangekiyo kunye neengxenye zesakhiwo kunye neengxenye ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhemikhali, i-petroleum, i-textile, i-medical, ukutya, oomatshini kunye namanye amashishini (i-extruded, i-extruded, i-extruded, i-tube ebandayo) i-seamrolled steel.

16. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yentsimbi yokuthutha ulwelo (GB/T14976-1994) ishushu-isolwe (i-extruded, yandisiwe) kunye ne-cold-drawn (rolled) i-seamless steel pipes eyenziwe ngensimbi engenasici yokuthutha ulwelo.

17. Umbhobho okhethekileyo wentsimbi engenamthungo ligama eliqhelekileyo lemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo enemilo enqamlezileyo ngaphandle kwemibhobho engqukuva. Ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu becandelo lombhobho wentsimbi, lunokwahlulwa lube ngumbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo olinganayo-obubunjwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo (ikhowudi D), umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo olinganayo-obufana nobumba obukhethekileyo (ikhowudi BD), kunye nedayamitha eguquguqukayo umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo (ikhowudi BJ). Imibhobho yentsimbi enemilo ekhethekileyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, izixhobo kunye namacandelo omatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho engqukuva, imibhobho enemilo ekhethekileyo ngokubanzi inexesha elikhulu le-inertia kunye ne-modulus yecandelo, kwaye ibe nokugoba okukhulu kunye nokumelana ne-torsion, enokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besakhiwo kunye nokugcina intsimbi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yenziwe nge-10, 20, 30, 35, 45 kunye nezinye iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-16Mn, 5MnV kunye nezinye iintsimbi eziphantsi kwe-alloy okanye i-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40Mn2, 40MnB okanye i-compound rolling kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezibandayo. Imibhobho engenamthungo eyenziwe ngentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni efana ne-10 kunye ne-20 isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimibhobho yokuthutha ulwelo. Iityhubhu ezingenamthungo ezenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi enje nge-45 kunye ne-40Cr zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezinomatshini, ezinje ngeendawo ezinoxinzelelo lweemoto kunye neetrektara.　Ngokubanzi, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukomelela kunye novavanyo lokucaba. Imibhobho yentsimbi eshushu ihanjiswa kwimeko eshushu okanye ephethwe ngubushushu; imibhobho yentsimbi epholileyo ihanjiswa kwindawo eshushu. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo kwiibhoyila zoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi: ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhoyila zoxinzelelo oluphantsi nophakathi, iityhubhu zomphunga oshushu kakhulu, iityhubhu zamanzi abilayo, iityhubhu zodonga lwamanzi kunye neetyhubhu zomphunga ezishushu kakhulu kwiibhoyila zikaloliwe, iityhubhu ezinkulu zomsi, iityhubhu ezincinci zomsi kunye neetyhubhu zezitena.

　　Sebenzisa umgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yolwakhiwo lwentsimbi eshushu-eqengqelekayo okanye epholileyo (ukudaya) umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo. Ikakhulu yenziwe ngeNombolo ye-10 kunye neNombolo ye-20 yentsimbi. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zomatshini, uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic, olufana ne-crimping, flaring, kunye ne-flattening, kufuneka lwenziwe. Iimveliso ezishushu ezishushu zihanjiswa kwimeko eshushu, kunye neemveliso ezibandayo zihanjiswa kwimeko yokushisa.

I-18.GB18248-2000 (ipayipi yensimbi engenamthungo yeesilinda zegesi) isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza iisilinda ezahlukeneyo zegesi kunye ne-hydraulic. Izinto zayo ezimele ziyi-37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, njl.

Chonga imibhobho yentsimbi yomgunyathi kunye nengaphantsi kweendonga ezishinyeneyo

1. Imibhobho yentsimbi yomgunyathi enodonga olungqingqwa kulula ukuyisonga.

2. Imibhobho yentsimbi yomgunyathi enodonga olungqindilili ihlala inemingxuma ngaphezulu.

3. Imibhobho yentsimbi yomgunyathi enodonga olungqindilili ithanda ukuba namanxeba.

4. Umphezulu wezinto ezikhohlisayo kunye neziphantsi kulula ukuqhekeza.

5. Imibhobho yentsimbi yomgunyathi enodonga olungqindilili kulula ukuyikrwempa.

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7. Iimbambo ezinqamlezileyo zemibhobho yentsimbi engqindilili-engqindilili zincinci kwaye ziphantsi, kwaye zihlala zibonakala zinganelisekanga.

8. Icandelo lomnqamlezo wombhobho wentsimbi ongqindilili ongqindilili ovali.

10. Izinto eziphathekayo zombhobho wentsimbi ongqingqwa ongqindilili ziqulethe ubumdaka obuninzi kwaye ubuninzi bentsimbi buncinci kakhulu.

11. Idayamitha engaphakathi yombhobho wentsimbi enodonga olungqindilili iyaguquguquka kakhulu.

12. Iimpawu zokurhweba kunye nokuprintwa kweetyhubhu eziphezulu zisemgangathweni.

13. Kwiintambo ezintathu ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kweepayipi zensimbi ze-16, umgama phakathi kwamanqaku amabini ungaphezulu kwe-IM.

14. Imivalo yelongitudinal yerebar yentsimbi emdaka idla ngokuba ngamaza.

15. Abavelisi bemibhobho yentsimbi etyebileyo eludongeni abaqhubi, ngoko ke ukupakishwa kukhululekile. Icala limbhoxo.