Umbhobho wentsimbi onomlinganiselo wobubanzi bangaphandle nobukhulu bodonga obungaphantsi kwama-20 ubizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho wentsimbi odonga oluqinileyo.

Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengemibhobho yokubhola ye-petroleum geological, imibhobho yokuqhekeka kwishishini le-petrochemical, imibhobho yebhoyila, imibhobho yokuthwala kunye nemibhobho yesakhiwo esichanekileyo kakhulu kwiimoto, iitrektara, kunye neenqwelomoya.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wesinyithi ongenamthungo

1. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu (umbhobho wentsimbi ongaphandle ongenamthungo): ityhubhu ejikelezayo i-billet → ukufudumeza → ukubhoboza → ukuqengqeleka okunqamlezileyo okunemiqolo emithathu, ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhupha i-extrusion → ukususwa kwepayipi → ubungakanani (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → Ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic (okanye ukufunyanwa kweziphene) → uphawu → indawo yokugcina impahla.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekuqengqeleni imibhobho engenamthungo yi-round pipe billet, ii-round pipe billets zinqunyulwa ngumatshini wokusika zibe yi-billet enobude obuyi-1 meter kwaye zithunyelwe kwi-oven ukuze zifudumale ngebhanti yokuhambisa. I-billet ifakwa kwi-oven kwaye ifudumale kubushushu obumalunga ne-1200 degrees Celsius. I-fuel yi-hydrogen okanye i-acetylene. Ulawulo lobushushu kwi-oven yingxaki ephambili. Emva kokuba ityhubhu ejikelezayo iphumile kwi-oven, kufuneka ibhobozwe ngomatshini wokubhoboza uxinzelelo. Ngokubanzi, umatshini wokubhoboza oqhelekileyo ngumatshini wokubhoboza ojikelezayo. Olu hlobo lomatshini wokubhoboza lunemveliso ephezulu, umgangatho wemveliso olungileyo, ukwanda kobubanzi bokubhoboza okukhulu, kwaye lunokunxiba iintlobo ngeentlobo zentsimbi. Emva kokubhoboza, i-round tube billet iqengqeleka ngokulandelelana, iqengqeleka rhoqo okanye ikhutshwe ngee-roll ezintathu. Emva kokucinezela, susa ityhubhu kwaye ulinganise. Umatshini wokulinganisa ujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu nge-conical drill bit ukuze ubhoboze imingxunya kwindawo engenanto yentsimbi ukuze wenze ipayipi yentsimbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho wentsimbi bumiselwa bubude bobubanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wokubhola womatshini wokulinganisa. Emva kokuba umbhobho wentsimbi ulinganiswe, ungena kwinqaba yokupholisa kwaye upholiswe ngokutshiza ngamanzi. Emva kokuba umbhobho wentsimbi upholisiwe, uya kuqondiswa. Emva kokulungiswa, umbhobho wentsimbi uthunyelwa kwisixhobo sokufumanisa iimpazamo zesinyithi (okanye uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic) ngebhanti yokuhambisa ukuze kufunyanwe iimpazamo zangaphakathi. Ukuba kukho imifantu, amaqamza, njl.njl. ngaphakathi kombhobho wentsimbi, uya kubonwa. Emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho weepayipi zentsimbi, kufuneka ukhetho olungqongqo lwesandla. Emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho wombhobho wentsimbi, peyinta inombolo ye-serial, iinkcukacha, inombolo yebhetshi yemveliso, njl.njl. ngepeyinti. Iphakanyiswa kwindawo yokugcina impahla nge-crane.

2. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo otsalwe ngokubandayo (oqengqiweyo): ityhubhu ejikelezayo i-billet → ukufudumeza → ukubhoboza → intloko → ukuqhoboshela → ukuqhoboshela → ukutshiza ioyile (ubhedu olufakelweyo) → ukutsalwa okubandayo okudlula ngeendlela ezininzi (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu ye-billet → unyango lobushushu → ukucokisa → amanzi Uvavanyo lokucinezelwa (ukufumanisa iziphene) → uphawu → indawo yokugcina impahla.

Udidi lwemveliso yombhobho olungenamthungo- umbhobho oqengqelekayo oshushu, umbhobho oqengqelekayo obandayo, umbhobho otsalwa ngokubandayo, umbhobho okhutshiweyo, ukugquma umbhobho

1. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wesakhiwo (GB/T8162-1999) ngumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wesakhiwo ngokubanzi kunye nesakhiwo soomatshini.

2. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zokuthutha ulwelo (GB/T8163-1999) ziipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ezisetyenziswa ukuthutha amanzi, ioyile, igesi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.

3. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zeebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi (GB3087-1999) zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iipayipi zomphunga ezishushu kakhulu, iipayipi zamanzi abilayo zeebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi zezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye neepayipi zomphunga ezishushu kakhulu zeebhoyila zeelocomotive, iipayipi zomlilo ezinkulu, iipayipi zomlilo ezincinci kunye nezitena ze-arch Isinyithi sekhabhoni esisemgangathweni ophezulu esigoqekayo esishushu nesitsalwa kubanda (esigoqekileyo) sentsimbi engenamthungo yeepayipi.

4. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zeebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu (GB5310-1995) ziipayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezikumgangatho ophezulu, intsimbi ye-alloy kunye neepayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo ezingenamthungo zentsimbi enganyangekiyo yobushushu bomphezulu wokufudumeza iibhoyila zetyhubhu yamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu nangaphezulu.

5. Iipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zezixhobo zesichumiso (GB6479-2000) ziipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo zekhabhoni ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy efanelekileyo kwizixhobo zeekhemikhali kunye neepayipi ezinobushushu bokusebenza obuyi--40~400℃ kunye noxinzelelo lokusebenza oluyi-10~30Ma.

6. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zokuqhekeka kwepetroliyam (GB9948-88) ziipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ezifanelekileyo kwiityhubhu ze-oven, izitshintshi zobushushu kunye neepayipi kwiindawo zokucoca ipetroliyam.

7. Iipayipi zentsimbi zokugrumba ngokwejoloji (YB235-70) ziipayipi zentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukugrumba okuphambili ngamasebe ejoloji. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziipayipi zokugrumba, iikhola zokugrumba, iipayipi ezingundoqo, iipayipi zekheyiji kunye neepayipi zokutsalwa kwetyuwa ngokweenjongo zazo.

8. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zokubhola i-diamond core (GB3423-82) ziipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zokubhola i-drill, iintonga ze-core, kunye nee-casings ezisetyenziselwa ukubhola i-diamond core.

9. Umbhobho wokugrumba i-petroleum (YB528-65) ngumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo osetyenziselwa ukuqina ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kuzo zombini iziphelo zokugrumba i-oyile. Imibhobho yentsimbi yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini: ucingo kunye nongaxhumiyo. Imibhobho exutywe ngocingo iqhagamshelwe ngamajoyinti, kwaye imibhobho engaxhumiyo iqhagamshelwe ngamajoyinti ezixhobo ngokuwelda i-butt.

10. Iipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo zentsimbi yekhabhoni zeenqanawa (GB5213-85) ziipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezisetyenziswa ekwenziweni kweenkqubo zepayipi yoxinzelelo lweKlasi I, iinkqubo zepayipi yoxinzelelo lweKlasi II, iibhoyila kunye nee-superheaters. Ubushushu bokusebenza bodonga lwepayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo yentsimbi yekhabhoni abudluli kwi-450℃, ngelixa olodonga lwepayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo yentsimbi edibeneyo ludlula kwi-450℃.

11. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zeemikhono zee-axle zemoto (GB3088-82) ziityhubhu zentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nentsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy eshushu eqengqelekayo yokwenziwa kweetyhubhu zee-axle zemoto kunye neetyhubhu zee-axle ze-drive axle.

12. Iipayipi zeoyile ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zeenjini zedizili (GB3093-86) ziipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo ezitsalwa ngokubandayo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iipayipi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiinkqubo zokujova iinjini zedizili.

13. Iipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo enobubanzi obuchanekileyo bangaphakathi beesilinda ze-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic (GB8713-88) ziipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo ezitsalwa ngokubandayo okanye eziqengqelekayo ezibandayo ezineedayamitha ezichanekileyo zangaphakathi zokwenza iisilinda ze-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic.

14. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo otsalwa ngokubandayo okanye oqengqelekayo ngokubandayo (GB3639-83) ngumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo otsalwa ngokubandayo okanye oqengqelekayo ngokubandayo onobuchane obuphezulu kunye nokugqitywa okuhle komphezulu wesakhiwo soomatshini kunye nezixhobo ze-hydraulic. Ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo echanekileyo ukwenza izakhiwo zoomatshini okanye izixhobo ze-hydraulic kunokonga kakhulu iiyure zomsebenzi womatshini, kwandise ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuncede ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

15. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenasici yesakhiwo (GB/T14975-1994) yintsimbi engenasici eqengqelekayo eshushu eyenziwe ngemibhobho enganyangekiyo kunye neendawo zesakhiwo kunye neendawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhemikhali, ipetroliyam, ilaphu, ezonyango, ukutya, oomatshini kunye namanye amashishini (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenasici ezikhutshiweyo, ezandisiweyo) kunye nezikhutshiweyo ezibandayo (eziqengqelekayo).

16. Iipayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zokuthutha ulwelo (GB/T14976-1994) zifakwe isinyithi esijijekileyo esishushu (esikhutshweyo, esinwetshiweyo) kunye neepayipi zentsimbi engenamthungo ezitsalwa ngokubandayo (esijijelweyo) ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenamthungo yokuthutha ulwelo.

17. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oneemilo ezikhethekileyo ligama eliqhelekileyo leemibhobho zentsimbi engenamthungo ezineemilo ezinqamlezileyo ngaphandle kweemibhobho ezingqukuva. Ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu becandelo lombhobho wentsimbi, unokwahlulwa ube ngumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oneemilo ezifanayo (ikhowudi D), umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oneemilo ezizodwa (ikhowudi BD), kunye nombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oguquguqukayo (ikhowudi BJ). Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo eneemilo ezikhethekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, izixhobo kunye neendawo zoomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho engqukuva, imibhobho enemilo ekhethekileyo ngokubanzi inexesha elikhulu lokungakhathali kunye ne-section modulus, kwaye inokumelana okukhulu kokugoba kunye nokugoba, okunokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besakhiwo kwaye konge intsimbi.

Ngokubanzi, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yenziwe ngeentsimbi zekhabhoni ezili-10, 20, 30, 35, 45 kunye nezinye iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-16Mn, 5MnV kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezakhiweyo eziphantsi okanye i-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngokuqengqeleka okushushu okanye ngokuqengqeleka okubandayo. Iipayipi ezingenamthungo ezenziwe ngentsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi ezifana ne-10 kunye ne-20 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zokuthutha ulwelo. Iityhubhu ezingenamthungo ezenziwe ngentsimbi enekhabhoni ephakathi ezifana ne-45 kunye ne-40Cr zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo zoomatshini, ezifana neendawo ezixineneyo zeemoto kunye neetrektara.　Ngokubanzi, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiimvavanyo zokuqina kunye nokuthamba. Imibhobho yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu ihanjiswa kwimeko yokuqengqeleka okushushu okanye kwimeko yokunyangwa ngobushushu; imibhobho yentsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo ihanjiswa kwimeko yokufudumeza okushushu. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yeebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi: isetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhoyila ezahlukeneyo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi, imibhobho yomphunga eshushu kakhulu, imibhobho yamanzi abilayo, imibhobho yodonga lwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yomphunga eshushu kakhulu yeebhoyila zelocomotive, imibhobho yomsi emikhulu, imibhobho yomsi encinci kunye nemibhobho yezitena ezigobileyo.

　　Sebenzisa umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo wekhabhoni osemgangathweni ophezulu ogoqwe ngobushushu okanye ogoqwe ngobushushu (i-dial) ogoqwe ngobushushu. Yenziwe kakhulu ngentsimbi enguNombolo 10 kunye neNombolo 20. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic, olufana nokugoqwa, ukuvutha, kunye nokuthamba. Iimveliso ezigoqwe ngobushushu zihanjiswa zikwimeko yokugoqwa ngobushushu, kwaye iimveliso ezigoqwe ngobushushu zihanjiswa zikwimeko yokunyangwa ngobushushu.

18.GB18248-2000 (Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo weesilinda zegesi) usetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iisilinda ezahlukeneyo zegesi kunye ne-hydraulic. Izixhobo zayo ezimeleyo yi-37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, njl.njl.

Chonga imibhobho yentsimbi engqindilili enodonga oluqinileyo nengalinganiyo

1. Imibhobho yentsimbi enodonga oluqinileyo yobuxoki kulula ukuyisonga.

2. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingoongqindilili ezingezizo ezisetyenziswayo zihlala zinemingxuma phezu komhlaba.

3. Imibhobho yentsimbi enodonga oluqinileyo yobuxoki inokuba namanxeba.

4. Umphezulu wezinto zobuxoki nezingekho mgangathweni kulula ukuwuqhekeza.

5. Imibhobho yentsimbi enodonga oluqinileyo yobuxoki kulula ukuyikrwela.

6. Imibhobho yentsimbi engqindilili enodonga oluqinileyo ayinayo i-metallic luster kwaye ibomvu kancinci okanye ifana ne-pig iron.

7. Iimbambo ezinqamlezileyo zemibhobho yentsimbi enodonga oluqinileyo yobuxoki zincinci kwaye zisezantsi, kwaye zihlala zibonakala zinganelisekanga.

8. Icandelo elinqamlezileyo lombhobho wentsimbi ongqindilili wobuxoki liyi-oval.

10. Izinto ezenziwe ngombhobho wentsimbi ongqindilili wobuxoki ziqulethe ukungcola okuninzi kwaye uxinano lwentsimbi luncinci kakhulu.

11. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho wentsimbi ongqindilili obungeyonyani buyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu.

12. Iimpawu zorhwebo kunye nokuprintwa kweetyhubhu ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisemgangathweni ofanelekileyo.

13. Kwimisonto emithathu emikhulu enobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-16 yeepayipi zentsimbi, umgama phakathi kwamanqaku amabini ungaphezulu kwe-IM.

14. Iibhari ezinde ze-rebar zentsimbi engentle zihlala zigobile.

15. Abenzi beepayipi zentsimbi eziqinileyo zobuxoki abaziqhubi, ngoko ke ukupakishwa kukhululekile. Icala limile okweqanda.