I-RCEP sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esaqalwa ngamazwe alishumi ase-ASEAN, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweTshayina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, iOstreliya, neNew Zealand. Saqala ukusebenza ngokusesikweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2022, saza sasebenza ngokupheleleyo kuwo onke amazwe ali-15 atyikitye isivumelwano emva kokuba siqale ukusebenza ePhilippines ngoJuni 2, 2023. Sigubungela malunga nama-30% abantu behlabathi kunye nemveliso yezoqoqosho, okwangoku sesona sivumelwano sikhulu sorhwebo olukhululekileyo ehlabathini.

Ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphunyezwa kwayo, i-RCEP inika iingenelo ezininzi kushishino lwangaphandle lwemibhobho yentsimbi; izabelo eziphambili zikwinciphiso yerhafu, imithetho yemvelaphi (ukuqokelelwa), kunye namathuba emarike anyuswayo akhuthazwa kukuhlanganiswa kwengingqi.

Ngokukodwa ngokumalunga nomzi-mveliso weepayipi zentsimbi, impembelelo ibonakala kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

Ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu: Ukuncitshiswa okubonakalayo kwiindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye neenzuzo eziqhubekayo ezibonakalayo.

Ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kubonisa inzuzo ethe ngqo nenokubalwa, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwemibhobho yentsimbi, icandelo elihlala libonakala ngenzuzo ephantsi.

Ukuthatha imakethi ye-ASEAN njengomzekelo: Iirhafu zokungenisa impahla kwiipayipi zentsimbi kumazwe athile ase-ASEAN (afana ne-Indonesia neThailand) ziye zancipha kakhulu. Umzekelo, iirhafu zokungenisa impahla kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezijikelezayo zehle ukusuka kumyinge we-8% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-3%. Nangona ixesha lokunciphisa ezinye iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu lide (umz., iirhafu zaseThailand kwiipayipi ezingenamthungo zithatha iminyaka eli-10 ukufikelela kwi-zero), imeko iyonke ilungile.

Ukuncitshiswa kwemveliso ethile: Cinga ngeerhafu zaseThailand kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zeoyile negesi (HS Code 730419) ezingeniswe zivela eTshayina; izinga elisisiseko yi-1% kuphela, kwaye emva kokungena kwe-RCEP, yehla nge-0.1% ngonyaka, ifikelela kwi-zero ngonyaka weshumi. Ngokunciphisa iirhafu, i-RCEP inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lokugqibela leemveliso zepayipi zentsimbi zaseTshayina kwiimarike ezingamalungu, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukukhuphisana kwamaxabiso.

Imithetho Yemvelaphi (Ukuqokelelwa): Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yecandelo lokubonelela ngeenkonzo zengingqi kunye nokusebenzisa ngokuguquguqukayo izabelo zomgaqo-nkqubo.

Le yeyona nto intsha ye-RCEP ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ngokusisiseko inciphisa umda wokufaneleka kwiimfuno zerhafu.

Isiphumo "sokuqokelelwa": Phantsi kwesakhelo se-RCEP, imveliso evela kwilizwe elinye elilungu inokubandakanya izinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu, zonke ezithathwa njengezinto "ezivela kwimvelaphi" ngexesha lokubala iziqinisekiso. Umzekelo, iipayipi zentsimbi ezicutshungulwa eTshayina kusetyenziswa intsimbi ekhethekileyo evela eJapan okanye eMzantsi Korea zisenokuthathwa njengezivela kwingingqi phantsi kwemithetho ye-RCEP, ngaloo ndlela zifanelekela ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu. Oku kuphula umda wesivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esiqhelekileyo esifuna ukuba yonke inkqubo yemveliso yenzeke kwilizwe elinye.

Isikhokelo Esisebenzayo: Amashishini kufuneka azi kakuhle iindlela eziphambili ezifana "nemithetho yokuqokelelana kwemimandla," "izatifikethi zemvelaphi ezilandelanayo," kunye "nezibhengezo ezivunyiweyo zabathumeli ngaphandle," kwaye basebenzise ngokupheleleyo isatifikethi se-RCEP Form R ukuze bazuze ekunciphiseni iirhafu.

Ukuphatha Ukuqinisekiswa Kwe-Intanethi: Imigaqo emitsha, efana nokuqinisekiswa kwe-intanethi kwezatifikethi ze-RCEP zemvelaphi, iqalisiwe (ngokuza kuqaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngo-2026). Amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ubunyani, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuthobela idatha yawo yesibhengezo ukuze ahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yomthetho.

Ukufikelela kwiMarike kunye neMfuno: Ukusebenzisa imarike enkulu yengingqi kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba eziseko zophuhliso

Ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho lwengingqi okuqhutywa yi-RCEP kuvule iimarike ezibanzi zamashishini eepayipi zentsimbi zaseTshayina, ngakumbi kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, apho imfuno inamandla khona.

Imfuno Eqhutywa Ziziseko Zophuhliso KuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia: Iiprojekthi ezinkulu—ezifana nokwakhiwa kwekomkhulu elitsha lase-Indonesia (eliqikelelwa ukuba liza kusetyenziswa intsimbi iyonke kwiitoni eziyi-9.5 yezigidi), iinkqubo zothutho lukaloliwe lwaseThailand, kunye nophuhliso olukwiSitimela saseChina-Laos—ziyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza imfuno yeepayipi zentsimbi. Ngo-2025, ukuthunyelwa kwentsimbi kwi-ASEAN kwafikelela kwi-56.8% yempahla iyonke ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwiinkampani zentsimbi zaseTshayina, nto leyo eyenza i-ASEAN ibe yimarike yokukhula ephambili.

Ukwandiswa kweMarike yaMazwe ngaMazwe: Isakhelo se-RCEP sikwanceda ukwandiswa kwamashishini ukuya kwiimarike zeziseko zophuhliso ezisakhulayo kuMbindi Mpuma nakwi-Asia eseMbindini. Ngokuqhuba ukucubungula okunzulu kumazwe angamalungu e-RCEP (afana neThailand), amashishini aseTshayina anokusebenzisa imithetho yemvelaphi ukuthumela iimveliso (ezifana neeflanges) ngaphandle kwerhafu eJapan naseMzantsi Korea, ngaloo ndlela efezekisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuthe ngqo.

Ukwahlukahlukana kweeMarike: Ukuphunyezwa okunzulu kwe-RCEP kunceda amashishini eepayipi zentsimbi aseTshayina ukunciphisa ukuthembela kuyo nayiphi na imarike enye kwaye afezekise ukwahlukahlukana kweemarike. Amanye amashishini sele enyuse isabelo sawo semarike se-ASEAN ukuya kwi-40% ngokusebenzisa ukhetho lwerhafu ye-RCEP.

Ukhuphiswano kunye nokuthobela imithetho: Ukujongana nemingeni kunye nokwakha izibonelelo zexesha elide

Amathuba eza nemingeni ekufuneka amashishini ayiqonde aze ayilungise ngenkuthalo.

Ukwanda kweNgxabano yoRhwebo: Njengoko isabelo semarike semibhobho yentsimbi yaseTshayina sikhula ngaphakathi kummandla we-RCEP, amanye amazwe aqalise ukusebenzisa amanyathelo okulungisa urhwebo. Umzekelo, iVietnam iqalise uphando oluchasene nokulahla inkunkuma kwiimveliso ezithile zentsimbi yaseTshayina, kwaye iJapan ikhuphe isigqibo sokuqala sokuchasene nokulahla inkunkuma malunga nemicu yentsimbi eshushu kunye namaphepha avela eTshayina.

Ukwakha izakhono zokuthobela imithetho: Kwimeko ye-RCEP, izakhono ezinxulumene nokuzinza kunye nokuthobela imithetho zivela njengemithombo emitsha yokukhuphisana. Amashishini kufuneka aziqhelanise nemithetho ye-RCEP kunye neemfuno zokufikelela kwimarike kumazwe ahlukeneyo, aseke imixokelelwane yobungqina obuqinileyo bedatha yekhabhoni, kwaye aguqule ukuthobela imithetho eluhlaza kube yinzuzo ephambili yokhuphiswano.

Iingenelo ezivulwe kunyaka wesihlanu wokuphunyezwa kwe-RCEP zizinto ezicwangcisiweyo; eyona nto iphambili kukuba zingafunyanwa njani ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.

Ukusebenzisa imithetho ngendlela esebenzayo: Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izatifikethi ze-RCEP zemvelaphi, uphucule ulungelelwaniso lwekhonkco lokubonelela, unciphise iindleko zerhafu, kwaye uphucule ukukhuphisana kwamaxabiso.

Ukukhulisa ngokunzulu iimarike ezikhulayo: Gxila kwiimarike ze-ASEAN ezinemfuno enamandla yeziseko zophuhliso—ezifana ne-Indonesia, iVietnam, neThailand—kwaye usebenzise amathuba avela kwintsebenziswano phakathi kweBelt and Road Initiative kunye ne-RCEP.

Ukubeka esweni iingozi zokuthobela imithetho: Ngelixa usanda ngamandla ukuya kwiimarike ezintsha, jonga ngokusondeleyo imiqobo yorhwebo efana nophando lokuchasa ukulahla inkunkuma kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye uqinisekise imisebenzi yeshishini ethobela imithetho.

Ukwakha ukhuphiswano oluluhlaza: Njengoko imiqobo yorhwebo oluluhlaza efana neCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ihambelana neenzuzo zeRCEP, amashishini kufuneka aphuhlise izakhono zokubala iimpawu zekhabhoni yemveliso aze aguqule "iipayipi zentsimbi eluhlaza" zibe ngumda omtsha wokhuphiswano.