Isishwankathelo

Sicinga ukuba abathengi bacinga ntoni, ungxamiseko longxamiseko lokuthatha amanyathelo kwizinto ezinomdla womthengi wethiyori, ukuvumela umgangatho omkhulu, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenzwa, uluhlu lwamaxabiso lusengqiqweni ngakumbi, luphumelele abathengi abatsha nabaphelelwe lixesha inkxaso kunye noqinisekiso lwe-API. I-5CT Seamless Steel Casing Pipe, Siya kuxhobisa abantu ngokunxibelelana kunye nokuphulaphula, Ukumisela umzekelo kwabanye nokufunda kumava. Njengefektri enamava siyayamkela iodolo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kwaye siyenze ifane nomfanekiso wakho okanye iisampulu ecacisa ukucaciswa kunye nokupakishwa koyilo lwabathengi. Eyona njongo yenkampani kukuphila inkumbulo eyanelisayo kubo bonke abathengi, kunye nokuseka ubudlelwane beshishini bexesha elide lokuwina. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelane nathi. Kwaye kuluvuyo lwethu ukuba uyathanda ukuba nentlanganiso buqu kwi-ofisi yethu.

Imibhobho ye-petroleum casing imibhobho yensimbi esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iindonga zeoli kunye negesi yegesi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwequla le-oyile yonke emva kokugaya nokugqitywa. Iqula ngalinye lisebenzisa iileya ezininzi ze-casing ngokobunzulu obahlukeneyo bokomba kunye neemeko zejoloji. I-samente isetyenziselwa ukufaka i-casing emva kokuba i-casing iphantsi. Ihluke kwi-tubing kunye ne-drill pipe kwaye ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe. Yimathiriyeli yexesha elinye enokutyiwa. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-casing akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-70% yayo yonke imibhobho ye-oyile.

I-petroleum casing yipayipi yensimbi esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa udonga lweoli kunye negesi yegesi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweoli yeoli emva kwenkqubo yokugaya kunye nokugqitywa. Iqula ngalinye lisebenzisa iileya ezininzi ze-casing ngokobunzulu obahlukeneyo bokomba kunye neemeko zejoloji. Isamente isetyenziselwa ukufaka isamente kwiqula emva kokuba i-casing iphantsi. Ihluke kwi-tubing kunye ne-drill pipe kwaye ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe. Iityhubhu yinto enokulahlwa. Ityhubhu inecasing enentloko equlathekileyo kunye necasing yehole.
Ngokwenjongo ye-cementing kunye nomsebenzi we-casing, i-casings run in the well ingahlulwa ibe yi-surface casings, i-technical casings kunye ne-oil casings.
1 Emva kokugrumba umngxuma, yomba kwilitye elingaphantsi komgangatho womhlaba ongaphezulu, okanye ugrumbe ubunzulu obuthile, kwaye uqhube umphezulu wecasing.
Imisebenzi yesingxobo somphezulu yile ilandelayo: ①Beka i-akhwifa ephezulu kwaye uthintele amanzi angaphezulu kunye namanzi angaphezulu komhlaba ukuba angagqobhoza kumthombo; ②Khusela incam yomthombo kwaye uqinise udonga lwequla lwecandelo lequla lomhlaba ongaphezulu; Isithinteli sokuvuthela sifakwe kumphezulu wengxowa ukunqanda ukuvuthela. Umsantsa phakathi kwe-surface casing kunye nodonga lomthombo kufuneka uvalwe ngesamente, oko kukuthi, xa udibanisa iqula, i-sement slurry kufuneka ibuyiselwe kwi-wellhead ukuze ihlukanise ukubunjwa kunye nokukhusela udonga lomthombo.
Ubunzulu be-surface casing yi-100 yeemitha ubuncinane.
(2) Icasing yobuchwephesha: ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-intermediate casing. Yikhaseji enomaleko omnye okanye emibini embindini wenkqubo yecasing cover. Ubunzulu bequla bukhulu, kwaye buyakwazi ukwahlula i-stratum kunye nokukhusela iqula ukuze kube lula ukuwa, ukuvuza lula, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokwakheka kwetyuwa kumbindi wequla.
Ukuqhuba i-casing yobugcisa kunokuqinisekisa ukugrumba okugudileyo kwequla elisezantsi; inokuqinisekisa kwakhona ukhuseleko lokomba kwi-oyile kunye ne-gas reservoir; Isingxobo sobugcisa sixhotyiswe ngentloko yecasing kunye ne-four-way blockout yokuthintela ukuvuthela.
I-casing ephakathi iqhutywe ngenxa yeemfuno zobuchwepheshe bokwemba, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-technical casing. Umphakamo weplagi yesamente phakathi kwengxowa yobugcisa kunye nodonga lomthombo kufuneka ubuncinci bube ziimitha ezingama-200 ngaphezulu komtyanga ozimeleyo.
(3) Isingxobo se-oyile yomaleko: ekwabizwa ngokuba yicasing yemveliso. Ngumaleko wokugqibela we-casing kwiprogram ye-casing ye-oyile kunye ne-gas well, ehamba ukusuka kwi-wellhead ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-oyile kunye ne-gas layer edlulayo. Ubunzulu be-casing kwi-oyile ye-oyile ngokusisiseko bunzulu bokomba.
Indima ye-oyile layer casing kukuhamba kwe-oyile kunye negesi emhlabeni, ukwahlula ioli kunye negesi kuzo zonke iifom, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-oyile kunye negesi aluvuzi. Emva kokuba i-oyile kunye negesi yemithombo idluliselwe kwimveliso, umgangatho we-oyile layer casing kufuneka uqinisekiswe ukugcina ixesha elithile lokuvelisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgangatho we-cementing we-oil layer casing inxulumene nokuba yinto yokuhlola kwaye isitshixo sokuvavanya ioli kunye negesi; kwelinye icala, inxulumene nokuba yimveliso kakuhle, echaphazela ngqo ubomi bequla. Ukuphakama kwesamente yokuplaga isithuba phakathi kwe-oyile yomaleko we-oyile kunye nodonga lomthombo ubuncinci bungama-500 eemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho we-oyile kunye negesi, okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-200 kumaleko aphezulu we-casing. . Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-casing akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-70% yayo yonke imibhobho ye-oyile.

I-oil casing yindlela yokuphila yokugcina ukusebenza kwemithombo yeoli. Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-downhole inzima, kunye nesenzo esidibeneyo soxinzelelo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukugoba kunye noxinzelelo lwe-torsion kumzimba wombhobho, obeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho we-casing ngokwayo. Nje ukuba i-casing ngokwayo yonakaliswe ngenxa yesizathu esithile, iqula lonke linokuncitshiswa okanye lichithwe.
Ngokwamandla entsimbi ngokwayo, i-casing inokwahlulwa ibe ngamabakala ahlukeneyo ensimbi, oko kukuthi, i-J55, i-K55, i-N80, i-L80, i-C90, i-T95, i-P110, i-Q125, i-V150, njl. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzulu bunamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ensimbi. Kwindawo enomhlwa, i-casing ngokwayo iyafuneka ukuba ibe nokumelana nokubola. Kwiindawo ezineemeko zejoloji ezintsonkothileyo, i-casing nayo iyafuneka ukuba ibe nomsebenzi wokuchasana nokuwa.

Ifom yokucutshungulwa kokuphela kwe-casing: intambo emfutshane ejikelezayo, intambo ejikelezayo ende, intambo ye-trapezoid inxalenye, i-buckle ekhethekileyo, njl. Isetyenziswe kwi-oyile yokugaya i-oyile, isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa udonga lomthombo ngexesha lokugaya kwaye emva kokugqitywa, ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili. yenkqubo yokomba kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweoli yonke kakuhle emva kokugqitywa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi kweentlobo zemisonto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ze-API, ukuxinwa komoya kwecasing yentambo engqukuva kuphantsi, kwaye amandla enxalenye yoqhagamshelo oluphothiweyo yi-60% ~ 80% kuphela yomzimba wombhobho; Amandla oqhagamshelwano angaphezulu, kodwa ukutywinwa akulunganga.Ngoko ke, ngotshintsho lwemeko-bume yokuxhatshazwa kwe-oilfield kunye neemfuneko ezingqongqo eziya zisiba ngqongqo kwi-casing kunye namandla oqhagamshelo kunye nokutywinwa, ubungakanani besicelo esikhethekileyo. iqhosha elinamandla aphezulu nalo liyanda.

Isicelo

Umbhobho okwi-Api5ct usetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwembeni ioyile nerhasi kunye nokuthuthwa kweoyile nerhasi. I-oil casing isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuxhasa udonga lwe-borehole ngexesha nasemva kokugqitywa kwequla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komthombo kunye nokugqitywa komthombo.

IBanga eliPhambili

IBakala:J55,K55,N80,L80,P110, njl

ICandelo leMichiza

IPropati yoomatshini

Imfuneko yoVavanyo

Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zemishini, iimvavanyo ze-hydrostatic zenziwa nganye nganye, kwaye iimvavanyo ze-flaring kunye ne-flattening ziyenziwa. . Ukongezelela, kukho iimfuno ezithile ze-microstructure, ubukhulu bengqolowa, kunye ne-decarburization layer yombhobho wensimbi ogqityiweyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile:

1. Kwimpahla yentsimbi yeemveliso, umenzi kufuneka enze uvavanyo lwe-tensile. Kumbhobho odityanisiweyo wombane, odityanisiweyo kukhetho lomenzi, uvavanyo lwe-tensile lunokwenziwa kwipleyiti yentsimbi eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza umbhobho okanye i-perfomred kumbhobho wentsimbi ngokuthe ngqo. Uvavanyo olwenziweyo kwimveliso lunokusetyenziswa njengovavanyo lwemveliso.

2. Iityhubhu zovavanyo ziya kukhethwa ngokungenamkhethe. Xa iimvavanyo ezininzi zifunwa, indlela yesampulu iya kuqinisekisa ukuba iisampuli ezithathiweyo zingamela ukuqala kunye nokuphela komjikelezo wokunyanga ukushisa (ukuba kuyasebenza) kunye neziphelo zombini ityhubhu. Xa iimvavanyo ezininzi zifuneka, ipateni iya kuthathwa kwiityhubhu ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuba isampuli yetyhubhu ejiyileyo inokuthatyathwa kwiziphelo zombini zetyhubhu.

3. Isampulu yombhobho engenamthungo ingathathwa nakweyiphi na indawo kwisangqa sombhobho; isampula yombhobho odityanisiweyo kufuneka ithathwe malunga ne-90 ° ukuya kwi-weld seam, okanye ngokukhetha umenzi. Iisampulu zithathwa malunga nekota yobubanzi bomcu.

4. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngaphambi nangemva kovavanyo, ukuba ukulungiswa kwesampuli kufunyenwe kunesiphako okanye kukho ukungabikho kwezinto ezingabalulekanga ngenjongo yovavanyo, isampuli inokuchithwa kwaye ithathelwe indawo enye isampuli eyenziwe kwi-tube efanayo.

5. Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-tensile olumele ibhetshi yeemveliso alufezekisi iimfuno, umenzi unokuthatha ezinye iibhubhu ezi-3 kwibhetshi enye yeetyhubhu ukuze ziphinde zihlolwe.

Ukuba zonke ii-retests zeesampuli zihlangabezana neemfuno, i-batch ye-tubes ifanelekile ngaphandle kwe-tube engafanelekanga eyayiyisampuli yasekuqaleni.

Ukuba ngaphezulu kwesampulu enye isampuliwe ekuqaleni okanye enye okanye iisampuli ezininzi zokuvavanya kwakhona azifikeleli kwiimfuno ezichaziweyo, umenzi unokuhlola ibhetshi yeetyhubhu nganye nganye.

Ibhetshi ekhatyiweyo yeemveliso inokuphinda ifudunyezwe kwaye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde isetyenziswe njengebhetshi entsha.

Uvavanyo lokucaba:

1. Isampula yovavanyo iya kuba yiringi yovavanyo okanye isiphelo esisikiwe esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-63.5mm (2-1 / 2in).

2. Iisampulu zinokunqunyulwa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lobushushu, kodwa ngokuxhomekeke kunyango olufanayo lobushushu njengoko umbhobho umelwe. Ukuba uvavanyo lwebhetshi lusetyenzisiwe, amanyathelo aya kuthathwa ukuchonga ubudlelwane phakathi kwesampulu kunye netyhubhu yesampula. Isithando somlilo ngasinye kwibhetshi nganye kufuneka sityunyuzwe.

3. Lo mzekelo uya kucandwa phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini ezihambelanayo. Kwiseti nganye yemizekelo yovavanyo olucaba, enye iweld yacandwa kwi-90 ° kwaye enye yacandwa ku-0 °. I-specimen iya kunqunyulwa de iindonga zetyhubhu zidibanise. Ngaphambi kokuba umgama phakathi kweeplati ezihambelanayo ungaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo, akukho kuphazamiseka okanye ukuphuka kufuneka kubonakale kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yepateni. Ngethuba lenkqubo yonke yokucwenga, akufuneki kubekho isakhiwo esibi, i-welds engaxutywanga, i-delamination, i-metal overburning, okanye i-extrusion yensimbi.

4. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngaphambi nangemva kovavanyo, ukuba ukulungiswa kwesampuli kufunyenwe kunesiphako okanye kukho ukungabikho kwezinto ezingabalulekanga ngenjongo yovavanyo, isampuli inokuchithwa kwaye ithathelwe indawo enye isampuli eyenziwe kwi-tube efanayo.

5. Ukuba nayiphi na isampuli emele ityhubhu ayihlangabezani neemfuno ezichaziweyo, umenzi unokuthatha isampuli ukusuka ekupheleni kwetyhubhu yovavanyo olongezelelweyo de iimfuno zifezekiswe. Nangona kunjalo, ubude bombhobho ogqityiweyo emva kwesampuli akumele bube ngaphantsi kwe-80% yobude bokuqala. Ukuba nayiphi na isampuli yetyhubhu emele ibhetshi yeemveliso ayihambelani neemfuno ezichaziweyo, umenzi unokuthatha iityhubhu ezimbini ezongezelelweyo kwibhetshi yeemveliso kwaye anqumle iisampuli zokuvavanya kwakhona. Ukuba iziphumo zolu vavanyo kwakhona zonke ziyahlangabezana neemfuno, ibhetshi yeetyhubhu ifanelekile ngaphandle kwetyhubhu ekhethwe ekuqaleni njengesampulu. Ukuba nayiphi na iisampulu zokuvavanya kwakhona ayihlangabezani neemfuno ezikhankanyiweyo, umenzi unokusampula iibhubhu eziseleyo zebhetshi nganye nganye. Kwinketho yomenzi, nayiphi na ibhetshi yeetyhubhu inokuphinda iphathwe ngokushushu kwaye iphinde ihlolwe njengebhetshi entsha yeetyhubhu.

Uvavanyo lwempembelelo:

1. Kwimibhobho, isethi yeesampuli iya kuthathwa kwiqashiso ngalinye (ngaphandle kokuba iinkqubo ezibhaliweyo zibonakaliswe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulawula). Ukuba umyalelo ulungiswe kwi-A10 (SR16), uvavanyo lunyanzelekile.

2. Kwi-casing, iipayipi zensimbi ezi-3 kufuneka zithathwe kwibhetshi nganye kwiimvavanyo. Iityhubhu zokuvavanya ziya kukhethwa ngokungenamkhethe, kwaye indlela yesampulu iya kuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu ezibonelelweyo zinokumela ukuqala kunye nokuphela komjikelezo wokunyanga ubushushu kunye neziphelo zangaphambili nasemva komkhono ngexesha lonyango lobushushu.

3. Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ye-Charpy V-notch

4. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngaphambi nangemva kovavanyo, ukuba ukulungiswa kwesampuli kufunyenwe kunesiphako okanye kukho ukungabikho kwezinto ezingabalulekanga ngenjongo yovavanyo, isampuli inokuchithwa kwaye ithathelwe indawo enye isampuli eyenziwe kwi-tube efanayo. Iisampulu akufuneki kuthiwe inesiphene ngenxa nje yokuba ingahlangabezani nobuncinane obufunekayo bamandla afunxayo.

5. Ukuba isiphumo sesampulu esingaphezulu kwesinye singaphantsi kobuncinci bemfuno yamandla afunxayo, okanye isiphumo sesampulu esinye singaphantsi kwe-2/3 yemfuno ekhankanyiweyo encinci yamandla, iisampulu ezintathu ezongezelelweyo ziya kuthatyathwa kwisiqwenga esinye kwaye iphinde yavavanywa. Amandla empembelelo yomzekelo ngamnye ophinde wavavanywa ayakuba mkhulu okanye alingane nobona buncinane bemfuno efunliweyo yamandla.

6. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo oluthile azihlangabezani neemfuno kwaye iimeko zovavanyo olutsha azihlangabezwanga, ngoko ke iisampulu ezintathu ezongezelelweyo zithathwa kwelinye lamanye amaqhekeza amathathu ebhetshi. Ukuba zonke iimeko ezongezelelweyo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno, ibhetshi ifanelekile ngaphandle kwaleyo ayiphumelelanga ekuqaleni. Ukuba ngaphezu kwesinye isiqwenga sokuhlola esongezelelweyo asihambelani neemfuno, umenzi unokukhetha ukuhlola iziqwenga eziseleyo zebhetshi nganye nganye, okanye ahlaziye ibhetshi kwaye ayihlole kwibhetshi entsha.

7. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwenye yezinto ezintathu zokuqala ezifunekayo ukubonisa ibhetshi yeziqinisekiso ziyakhatywa, ukuhlolwa kwakhona akuvumelekanga ukubonisa ubungqina bokuba ibhetshi yeetyhubhu ifanelekile. Umvelisi unokukhetha ukuhlola iibhetshi eziseleyo isiqwenga ngasinye, okanye aphinde afudumale ibhetshi kwaye ayihlole kwibhetshi entsha..

Uvavanyo lweHydrostatic:

1. Umbhobho ngamnye uya kufakwa kuvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic yombhobho wonke emva kokuqina (ukuba kufanelekile) kunye nonyango lokugqibela lobushushu (ukuba kufanelekile), kwaye luya kufikelela kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo lwe-hydrostatic ngaphandle kokuvuza. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo lokubamba ixesha lenziwe ngaphantsi kwe-5s. Kwimibhobho edibeneyo, i-welds yemibhobho iya kuhlolwa ukuvuza phantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo. Ngaphandle kokuba uvavanyo lonke lombhobho lwenziwe ubuncinane kwangaphambili kuxinzelelo olufunekayo kwimeko yokuphela kombhobho, i-factory processing thread kufuneka yenze uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (okanye ulungiselele uvavanyo olunjalo) kumbhobho wonke.

2. Imibhobho yokuphathwa kobushushu iya kufakwa kuvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic emva kokunyanga kobushushu bokugqibela. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwayo yonke imibhobho eneziphelo ezinemisonto iya kuba ubuncinane uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwemisonto kunye nokudibanisa.

3 .Emva kokucutshungulwa kubungakanani bombhobho ogqityiweyo we-flat-end kunye naziphi na iinqununu ezimfutshane eziphethwe ukushisa, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic luya kwenziwa emva kokuphela kweflethi okanye intambo.

Ukunyamezelana

Idayamitha engaphandle:

Kwityhubhu edibeneyo ejiyileyo enobungakanani obuncinci okanye obulingana no-5-1 / 2, ukunyamezela kulandelayo kusebenza kwidayamitha engaphandle yomzimba wombhobho kumgama omalunga ne-127mm (5.0in) ecaleni kwendawo ejiyileyo; Ukunyamezela kulandelayo kusebenza kwi-diameter yangaphandle yetyhubhu ngaphakathi komgama ophantse ulingane nobubanzi bombhobho ngokukhawuleza omelene nenxalenye edibeneyo.

Kwityhubhu ejiyileyo yangaphandle enobungakanani be-2-3 / 8 nangaphezulu, ukunyamezela kulandelayo kusebenza kwidayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho otyebileyo kwaye ubukhulu buguquka ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka ekupheleni kombhobho.

Ukutyeba kodonga:

Ukunyamezela kobunzima bodonga oluchaziweyo lombhobho yi-12.5%

Ubunzima:

Uluhlu olulandelayo luyimfuneko yokunyamezela ubunzima. Xa ubuncinci obuchaziweyo bodonga obukhulu bukhulu okanye bulingana ne-90% yobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo, umda ophezulu wokunyamezela ubunzima bengcambu enye kufuneka unyuswe ukuya kwi-10%

Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

IMibhobho yePetroleum yoKwakha imibhobho

API 5L

I-API 5CT