Ixabiso elifanelekileyo ngenxa China Ductile Seamless Cast Iron Steel Boiler Tube Price Black Iron Pipe
Isishwankathelo
Umgangatho ophezulu othembekileyo kunye nokuma okuhle komgangatho wetyala yimigaqo yethu, eya kusinceda kwindawo ephezulu. Ukubambelela kumgaqo "womgangatho wokuqala, umthengi ophakamileyo" kwiBoiler Pipe, Siqinisekise umgangatho, ukuba abathengi bebengonwabanga bumgangatho ophezulu wemveliso, unokubuyela ngaphakathi kwe-7days kunye nelizwe labo lokuqala. Sikholelwa ukuba ubudlelwane obuhle boshishino buya kukhokelela kwiinzuzo ezifanayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwawo omabini amaqela. Ngoku siseke ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide noluyimpumelelo kunye nabathengi abaninzi ngokuzithemba kwabo kwiinkonzo zethu ezilungiselelweyo kunye nokuthembeka ekwenzeni ishishini. Sikwanandipha udumo oluphezulu ngokusebenza kwethu kakuhle. Ukusebenza ngcono kuya kulindeleka njengomgaqo wethu wemfezeko. Ukuzinikela kunye nokuzinza kuya kuhlala kunjalo.
Umbhobho webhoyila yonke ifuna i-NDT ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho siphene somgangatho esiya kubangela umngcipheko onokwenzeka. I-NDT ibandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya, apho, i-Ultrosonic, i-X-Ray, i-Eddy yangoku kunye ne-Magnetic Flux Leakage isetyenziswa kakhulu, nangona zonke zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola iziphene ezifana nemigodi, iipores, inclusions, iintanda, kodwa zinenzuzo eyahlukileyo. olu vavanyo lufanelekileyo lwesiphene:
Ultrosonic
Ifanelekile kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo; ube nethuba lokuvavanya iziphene zangaphakathi njengokungadibanisi, ukuqhekeka, ukubola, izinga lobhaqo liphezulu; inamandla okungena aphezulu, ingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela iziphene zangaphakathi zesampulu kuluhlu olukhulu lokutyeba; indawo yesiphene ichanekile; uvakalelo oluphezulu, luyakwazi ukubona iziphene zobukhulu obuncinci ngaphakathi kwesampulu; ixabiso eliphantsi, isantya esikhawulezayo, izixhobo zokukhanya, ezingenabungozi kumzimba womntu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwisayithi
Kodwa kunzima ukwenza uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lomgangatho kunye nobungakanani beziphene kwiisampuli; kunzima ukubona isampuli enemilo entsonkothileyo okanye imilo engaqhelekanga; indawo, ukuqhelaniswa kunye nokumila kwesiphene kunempembelelo ethile kwisiphumo sobhaqo; izinto kunye nobukhulu beenkozo zinempembelelo enkulu ekubhaqweni; Iziphumo azikho ngokoqobo kwaye akukho ngxelo ingqina ngokuthe ngqo yeziphumo zovavanyo xa kusetyenziswa indlela ye-A-type pulse reflection method.
I-X-Ray
Njenge-ultrosonic, zombini zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola iziphene zangaphakathi, i-X-ray isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola i-weld seam kunye nemveliso ephosiweyo, ngakumbi i-weld seam, inokubona ngokufanelekileyo iziphene zevolumu ezifana ne-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-slag kunye ne-porosity, kodwa kunzima. ukukhangela iziphene zendawo ezifana ne-delamination kunye ne-crack. I-X-reyi inokubona ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani, indawo kunye nohlobo lwesiphene, kodwa ayikhathali kwisiphene sommandla, kwaye ukuchaneka kobhaqo kuya kuncitshiswa ukuba i-orientation kunye ne-ray direction angle ayifanelekanga nokuba ayinakwenzeka ukubonwa, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu, umsebenzi unzima
Eddy Ngoku
I-Eddy yangoku kunye ne-Magnetic Flux Leakage zombini azinayo i-reuqirement ingako malunga nomgangatho we-surfact, kwaye isignali efunyenweyo luphawu lombane, olunokuthi lusetyenzwe ngokwedijithali ukuququzelela ukugcinwa, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthelekisa idatha kunye nokusetyenzwa. Inovakalelo oluphezulu lokuqonda kunye nesalathisi esihle somgca kuluhlu oluthile lweziphene okanye kufuphi nomphezulu we-workpiece, engasetyenziselwa ukulawula umgangatho kunye nokulawula; inokuvavanywa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, indawo encinci ye-workpiece kunye nodonga olunzulu lomngxuma (kubandakanywa nodonga lwetyhubhu); izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi ezinokubangela imisinga eddy zinokuvavanywa, njengegraphite; ngexesha lokubona, i-coil ayifuni ukuqhagamshelana ne-workpiece okanye i-coupling medium, ngoko ke isantya sokufumanisa sikhawuleza.
Kodwa umxholo kufuneka uqhube kwaye ufanelekile kuphela ukufumanisa iziphene zentsimbi; ubunzulu bokubona kunye nokuqonda kokuqonda kuyaphikisana. Xa uqhuba i-ET kwizinto eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ingqwalasela ebanzi ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, umgangatho ophezulu kunye nomgangatho wokuhlola, kwaye emva koko unqume iskimu sokufumanisa kunye neeparitha zobugcisa; xa i-coil-coil isetyenziselwa i-ET, indawo ethile kwi-circumference of the defect ayinakumiselwa; kunzima ukubona iisampulu ezinemilo entsonkothileyo
Ukuvuza kweMagnetic Flux
Ngokufana no-Eddy Current, awunayo i-reuqirement eninzi malunga nomgangatho we-surfact, kwaye isignali efunyenweyo ngumqondiso wombane, onokucutshungulwa ngedijithali ukuququzelela ukugcinwa, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthelekiswa kwedatha kunye nokucubungula. Ubalo lokuqala lweziphene lunokuphunyezwa.Olu luhlu alukwazi ukuqonda kuphela isigwebo seziphene, kodwa kwakhona lwenza uvavanyo lokuqala lwenqanaba lokulimala kweziphene; kwimibhobho enobunzima bodonga obungaphantsi kwe-30mm, inokubona ngaxeshanye iziphene zodonga lwangaphakathi nangaphandle; kuba kulula ukuba i-automated, ukusebenza kakuhle kokubona okuphezulu kwaye akukho ngcoliseko inokufumaneka
Kodwa isebenza kuphela kwizinto ze-ferromagnetic.Ngenxa yokuba i-magnetization linyathelo lokuqala lokubona ukuvuza kwamagnetic, ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezingezona i-ferromagnetic kusondele kwi-1, kwaye i-magnetic field ejikeleze isiphene ayiyi kutshintsha ngenxa yokungena okwahlukileyo, ngoko ke ukuvuza kwemagnethi ayiyi kwenzeka; Ukuthetha ngokungqongqo, uvavanyo lokuvuza kwemagnethi alukwazi ukubona iziphene kwizinto zeferromagnetic.Ukuba umgama phakathi kwesiphene kunye nomphezulu mkhulu, ukugqwethwa kwemagnethi ejikeleze isiphene kubonakala kujikeleze isiphene, ngelixa umphezulu we-workpiece awunakho ukuvuza kwemagnethi.; Uvavanyo lokuvuza kwemagnethi alufanelekanga ukuvavanya iisampulu ezinendawo egqunyweyo okanye egqunywe ngaphezulu; ukufunyaniswa kokuvuza kwemagnethi okuvuza akuwulungelanga umfuziselo onemilo entsonkothileyo.Ukubona ukuvuza kwemagnethi kusebenzisa izixhobo zoluvo ukuqokelela imiqondiso yonxibelelwano lwemagnethi evuzayo, kunye nomfanekiso ontsokothileyo wokumila awulungele ukubhaqwa; ukufumanisa ukuvuza kwemagnethi akufanelanga ukufumanisa iintanda ezimxinwa, ngakumbi iintanda ezivaliweyo.
Isicelo
Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza umgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi, intsimbi yesakhiwo sealloyi kunye nentsimbi engatyiwa ngumthungo yemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu nangaphezulu kwemibhobho yebhoyila yomphunga.
Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu bebhoyila (ityhubhu yeheater, ityhubhu yokufudumeza, ityhubhu yesikhokelo somoya, ityhubhu ephambili yomphunga kwizibiyeli zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu). Ngaphantsi kwesenzo segesi ephezulu yokushisa kunye nomphunga wamanzi, ityhubhu iya ku-oxidize kwaye idle. Kuyadingeka ukuba umbhobho wensimbi unokuqina okuphezulu, ukuchasana okuphezulu kwi-oxidation kunye nokugqwala, kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwesakhiwo.
IBanga eliPhambili
IBanga le-carbon high-quality steel structure: 20g, 20mng, 25mng
IBanga le-alloy yensimbi yesakhiwo: 15mog, 20mog, 12crmog, 15crmog, 12cr2mog, 12crmovg, 12cr3movsitib, njl.
Ibakala lentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu: 1cr18ni9 1cr18ni11nb
ICandelo leMichiza
| IBanga | Umgangatho Iklasi | Ipropati yeMichiza | ||||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | V | Ti | Cr | Ni | Cu | Nd | Mo | B | Als" | ||
| 不大于 | 不小于 | |||||||||||||||
| Q345 | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.012 | 0.10 | - | - | |||
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.015 | ||||||||||
| D | 0.18 | 0.030 | 0.025 | |||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q390 | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.3 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.10 | - | - |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0,015 | |||||||||||||
| D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q42O | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | - | - |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.015 | |||||||||||||
| D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q46O | C | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q500 | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.025 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
| Q550 | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.025 | 0,020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.025 | 0,015 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
| Q62O | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.025 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
| Ngaphandle kwamabakala e-Q345A kunye ne-Q345B, intsimbi kufuneka iqulethe ubuncinane enye yezinto eziziinkozo ezicocekileyo i-Al, Nb, V, kunye ne-Ti. Ngokweemfuno, umthengisi unokongeza enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezinto eziziinkozo eziphuculweyo, ixabiso eliphezulu Kufuneka lihlangabezane neemfuno kwitheyibhile. Xa zidityanisiwe, Nb + V + Ti <0.22% °Kumabanga e-Q345, Q390, Q420 kunye ne-Q46O, Mo + Cr <0.30% oXa ibakala ngalinye le-Cr kunye ne-Ni lisetyenziswa njengento eshiyekileyo, umxholo we-Cr no-Ni akufanelekanga ibe ngaphezu kwe-0.30%; xa kufuneka ifakwe, umxholo wayo kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno ezikwitheyibhile okanye ugqitywe ngumthengisi kunye nomthengi ngokubonisana.J Ukuba umthengisi unokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-nitrogen uhlangabezana neemfuno ezikwitheyibhile, uhlalutyo lomxholo we-nitrogen ayinakwenziwa. Ukuba i-Al, i-Nb, i-V, i-Ti kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloy kunye nokulungiswa kwe-nitrogen zongezwa kwintsimbi, umxholo we-nitrogen awukhawulelwanga. Umxholo wokulungiswa kwenitrogen kufuneka ucaciswe kwisiqinisekiso somgangatho. 'Xa usebenzisa yonke i-aluminiyam, umxholo we-aluminiyam iyonke AIt ^ 0.020% B | ||||||||||||||||
IPropati yoomatshini
| No | IBanga | IPropati yoomatshini | ||||
|
|
| Ukuqina | Yima kancinci | Yandisa | Impembelelo (J) | Isandla |
| 1 | 20G | 410- | ≥ | 24/22% | 40/27 | - |
| 2 | 20MnG | 415- | ≥ | 22/20% | 40/27 | - |
| 3 | 25MnG | 485- | ≥ | 20/18% | 40/27 | - |
| 4 | 15MoG | 450- | ≥ | 22/20% | 40/27 | - |
| 6 | 12CrMoG | 410- | ≥ | 21/19% | 40/27 | - |
| 7 | 15CrMoG | 440- | ≥ | 21/19% | 40/27 | - |
| 8 | 12Cr2MoG | 450- | ≥ | 22/20% | 40/27 | - |
| 9 | 12Cr1MoVG | 470- | ≥ | 21/19% | 40/27 | - |
| 10 | 12Cr2MoWVTiB | 540- | ≥ | 18/-% | 40/- | - |
| 11 | 10Cr9Mo1VNbN | ≥ | ≥ | 20/16% | 40/27 | ≤ |
| 12 | 10Cr9MoW2VNbBN | ≥ | ≥ | 20/16% | 40/27 | ≤ |
Ukunyamezelana
Ukutyeba kweendonga kunye neDayimitha yaNgaphandle:
Ukuba akukho mfuneko zikhethekileyo, umbhobho uya kuhanjiswa njengedayamitha yangaphandle eqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga oluqhelekileyo. Njengephepha elilandelayo
| Ukutyunjwa kokuhlelwa | Indlela yokwenziwa | Ubungakanani bombhobho | Ukunyamezelana | |||
| Ibanga eliqhelekileyo | Ibanga eliphezulu | |||||
| WH | Umbhobho oshushu (extrude) | Idayamitha yangaphandle eqhelekileyo (D) | <57 | Umhla 0.40 | ±0,30 | |
| 57 〜325 | SW35 | ±0.75%D | ±0.5%D | |||
| S>35 | ±1%D | ±0.75%D | ||||
| >325 ukuya ku6. | + 1%D okanye + 5.Thatha enye encinane一2 | |||||
| > 600 | + 1%D okanye + 7,Thatha engaphantsi kwe2 | |||||
| Ukutyeba kodonga oluqhelekileyo (S) | <4.0 | ±|・丨） | ±0.35 | |||
| >4.0-20 | + 12,5%S | ±10%S | ||||
| >20 | DV219 | ±10%S | ±7.5%S | |||
| 心219 | + 12.5%S -10%S | 土10%S | ||||
| WH | Umbhobho wokwandisa i-Thermal | Idayamitha yangaphandle eqhelekileyo (D) | zonke | ±1%D | ±0.75%. |
| Ukutyeba kodonga oluqhelekileyo (S) | zonke | + 20%S -10%S | + 15%S -io%s | ||
| i-WC | Kuyabanda (kuqengqiwe) Umbhobho | Idayamitha yangaphandle eqhelekileyo (D) | <25.4 | ±'L1j | - |
| >25.4 〜4() | ±0.20 | ||||
| > 40 〜50 | |:0.25 | - | |||
| >50〜60 | ±0.30 | ||||
| >60 | ±0.5%D | ||||
| Ukutyeba kodonga oluqhelekileyo (S) | <3.0 | ±0.3 | ±0.2 | ||
| >3.0 | S | ±7.5%S |
Ubude:
Ubude obuqhelekileyo bemibhobho yentsimbi yi-4 000 mm ~ 12 000 mm. Emva kokubonisana phakathi komthengisi kunye nomthengi, kwaye ugcwalise isivumelwano, inokuhanjiswa imibhobho yentsimbi kunye nobude obungaphezu kwe-12 000 mm okanye mfutshane kune-I 000 mm kodwa ingabi mfutshane kune-3 000 mm; ubude obufutshane Inani lemibhobho yentsimbi engaphantsi kwe-4,000 mm kodwa ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-3,000 mm ayisayi kudlula i-5% yenani lilonke lemibhobho yentsimbi ehanjiswayo.
Ubunzima bokuhanjiswa:
Xa umbhobho wensimbi uhanjiswa ngokomlinganiselo wangaphandle wegama kunye nobukhulu bodonga olubizwa ngokuba yi-nominal yangaphakathi kunye nobukhulu bodonga, umbhobho wensimbi uhanjiswa ngokobunzima bangempela. Isenokuhanjiswa ngokobunzima bethiyori.
Xa umbhobho wensimbi uhanjiswa ngokomlinganiselo wangaphandle wegama kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bodonga, umbhobho wensimbi uhanjiswa ngokwesisindo sangempela; amaqela obonelelo kunye nebango ayathethathethana. Kwaye kubonisiwe kwikhontrakthi. Umbhobho wensimbi unokuhanjiswa ngokobunzima bethiyori.
Ukunyamezela ubunzima:
Ngokweemfuno zomthengi, emva kokubonisana phakathi komthengisi kunye nomthengi, kunye nekhontrakthi, ukutenxa phakathi kobunzima bokwenene kunye nobunzima bethiyori yombhobho wentsimbi yokuhanjiswa kuya kuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo:
a) Umbhobho wentsimbi enye: ± 10%;
b) Ibhetshi nganye yemibhobho yentsimbi enobungakanani obuncinane be-10 t: ± 7.5%.
Imfuneko yoVavanyo
Uvavanyo lweHydraustatic:
Umbhobho wentsimbi kufuneka uvavanywe nge-hydraulically nganye nganye. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lovavanyo luyi-20 MPa. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo, ixesha lokuzinzisa kufuneka lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-10 s, kwaye umbhobho wensimbi akufanele uvuze.
Emva kokuba umsebenzisi evumile, uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic lunokutshintshwa ngovavanyo lwangoku lwe-eddy okanye uvavanyo lokuvuza kwemagnethi.
Uvavanyo olungonakaliyo:
Imibhobho efuna ukuhlolwa okungakumbi kufuneka ihlolwe nge-ultrasonically nganye. Emva kokuba uthethathethwano lufuna imvume yeqela kwaye luchazwe kwikhontrakthi, olunye uvavanyo olungonakalisi lungongezwa.
Uvavanyo lokucaba:
Iityhubhu ezinobukhulu obungaphandle obungaphezulu kwe-22 mm ziya kufakwa kuvavanyo lokucaba. Akukho delamination ebonakalayo, amabala amhlophe, okanye ukungcola kufuneka kwenzeke ngexesha lonke uvavanyo.
Uvavanyo lokuvutha:
Ngokweemfuno zomthengi kwaye zichazwe kwikhontrakthi, umbhobho wensimbi kunye nobubanzi obungaphandle ≤76mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga ≤8mm lunokwenziwa uvavanyo lokuvutha . Uvavanyo lwenziwa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye ne-taper ye-60 °. Emva kokuvutha, isantya sokuvutha kobubanzi bangaphandle kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno zetafile elandelayo, kwaye izinto zokuvavanya akufanele zibonise ukuqhekeka okanye ukukrazula.
| Uhlobo lwentsimbi
| Umyinge wokuvutha wedayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho wentsimbi/% | ||
| I-Diameter yangaphakathi / i-Outer Diameter | |||
| <0.6 | >0.6 〜0.8 | >0.8 | |
| Umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel | 10 | 12 | 17 |
| Intsimbi ye-alloy yesakhiwo | 8 | 10 | 15 |
| •Idayimitha yangaphakathi ibalwa kwisampulu. | |||
Iinkcukacha zeMveliso
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yeeBoiler zoxinzelelo oluphezulu
GB/T5310-2017
ASME SA-106/SA-106M-2015
I-ASTMA210(A210M)-2012
ASME SA-213/SA-213M
