Ishubhu elingenamthungo lebhoyila uhlobo lweshubhu lebhoyila, elingaphansi kwesigaba seshubhu lensimbi elingenamthungo. Indlela yokukhiqiza ifana neshubhu elingenamthungo, kodwa kunezidingo eziqinile ensimbini esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kweshubhu lensimbi. Ibhoyila eneshubhu elingenamthungo ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, amapayipi asebenzisa igesi elinomoya oshisayo kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi ngaphansi kwesenzo, kuzovela i-oxidation kanye nokugqwala. Amashubhu ensimbi ayadingeka ukuthi abe namandla aqinile aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwe-oxidation, kanye nokuqina okuhle kwezicubu. Ibhoyila eneshubhu elingenamthungo isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ishubhu le-superheater lebhoyila elinomfutho ophezulu kanye ne-ultra-high pressure, ishubhu le-reheater, ibhoyila yesiqondiso segesi eneshubhu elingenamthungo, ishubhu eliyinhloko le-steam, njll.

Ishubhu yebhoyila ephansi nephakathiGB3087-1999, ipayipi elingenamthungo lebhoyilaGB5310-1999isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zepayipi lomusi elinomfutho ophansi, ipayipi lamanzi abilayo kanye nepayipi lomusi elinomoya oshisayo, ipayipi lomusi, ipayipi elincane lomusi kanye nepayipi lezitini ezigoqekile zensimbi yesakhiwo yekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqekile nelibandayo elidonswe (eligoqekile). Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lesakhiwo (GB/T8162-1999) iyipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lesakhiwo esijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo semishini. Imininingwane kanye nekhwalithi yokubukeka:GB5310-95“Ishubhu Lensimbi Elingenamthungo Lebhoyila Elinomfutho Ophakeme” ububanzi bepayipi eligoqiwe elishisayo 22 ~ 530mm, ubukhulu bodonga 20 ~ 70mm. Ububanzi bangaphandle beshubhu elidonswayo elibandayo (eligoqiwe elibandayo) buyi-10 ~ 108mm, kanti ubukhulu bodonga buyi-2.0 ~ 13.0mm. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elikhethekile liyigama elijwayelekile lepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lezinye izimo zesigaba esiphambene ngaphandle kwepayipi eliyindilinga. Ngokusho kokwakheka nobukhulu obuhlukile besigaba sepayipi lensimbi, lingahlukaniswa libe yipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elilinganayo (ikhodi ye-D), ubukhulu bodonga obungalingani ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elikhethekile (ikhodi ye-BD), ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eliguquguqukayo (ikhodi ye-BJ). Amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo akhethekile asetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesakhiwo, amathuluzi kanye nezingxenye zemishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa neshubhu eliyindilinga, ishubhu elinemthungo elikhethekile ngokuvamile linomzuzu omkhulu we-inertia kanye ne-section modulus, futhi linamandla amakhulu okumelana nokugoba kanye nokugoba, okunganciphisa kakhulu isisindo sesakhiwo futhi konge insimbi. 4. Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali (1)GB3087-82"Ishubhu lensimbi elingenamthungo lebhoyila elinomfutho ophansi nophakathi". Indlela yokuhlola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngokusho kwe-GB222-84 kanye ne-GB223 ethi "Indlela Yokuhlaziya Amakhemikhali Ensimbi Ne-Alloy" ingxenye efanele. (2)GB5310-95Izinhlinzeko "zeThubhu Lensimbi Elingenamthungo lebhoyila Elinomfutho Ophezulu". Indlela yokuhlola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ihambisana nezingxenye ezifanele ze-GB222-84, Indlela Yokuhlaziya Amakhemikhali Yensimbi Ne-Alloy, kanye ne-GB223 Indlela Yokuhlaziya Amakhemikhali Yensimbi Ne-Alloy. (3) Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamashubhu ensimbi ebhoyila angenisiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezindinganiso ezifanele ezichazwe kwinkontileka. Amashubhu ama-5 anensimbi yeshubhu engenamthungo (1) insimbi yensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu ingu-20G,20MnG, 25MnG.(2) insimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy engu-15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB njalo njalo. (3) insimbi engagqwali yokushisa evame ukusetshenziswa yi-1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni11Nb ishubhu yebhoyila ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic impande ngempande, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuvutha, nokuthamba. Amashubhu ensimbi alethwa esimweni sokuphathwa ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo esincane, usayizi wezinhlamvu kanye nesendlalelo sokususa i-carbonization sepayipi lensimbi eliqediwe nakho kuyadingeka.

6. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngokomzimba(1)GB3087-82 “Ishubhu yensimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yokucindezela okuphansi nokuphakathi"izinhlinzeko. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina ngokusho kwe-GB/T228-87, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic ngokusho kwe-GB/T241-90, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela ngokusho kwe-GB/T246-97, ukuhlolwa kokushisa ngokusho kwe-GB/T242-97, ukuhlolwa kokugoba okubandayo ngokusho kwe-GB24497(2)GB5310-95 "Ishubhu Lensimbi Elingenamthungo lebhoyila Enomfutho Ophezulu"izinhlinzeko. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthamba kufana ne-GB3087-82; Ukuhlolwa komthelela ngokusho kwe-GB229-94, ukuhlolwa kokuvutha ngokusho kwe-GB/T242-97, ukuhlolwa kosayizi wezinhlamvu ngokusho kwe-YB/T5148-93; Ngokusho kwe-GB13298-91 yokuhlolwa kwezicubu ezincane, i-GB224-87 yokuhlolwa kwengqimba ekhishwe i-carbon, kanye nangokusho kwe-GB224-87 yokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonicGB/T5777-96.(3) Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngokomzimba kanye nezinkomba zamashubhu ebhoyila angenisiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngezindinganiso ezifanele ezichazwe kwinkontileka.

7. Isimo esiyinhloko sokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle

(1) ishubhu lebhoyila elinomfutho ophezulu elingenantambo amazwe amakhulu angenisa ngaphandle yiJapan, iJalimane. Ngokuvamile kungeniswa imininingwane ye-15914.2 mm;2734.0 mm; 219.110.0 mm; 41975mm; 406.460 mm, njll. Imininingwane encane ingu-31.84.5 mm, ubude buvame ukuba ngu-5 ~ 8 m.(2) uma kwenzeka isimangalo esingenisiwe, ishubhu lebhoyila elingenantambo laseJalimane i-mannesmann, umshini wokugaya ipayipi ungeniswe i-ST45 ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kokubalwa kwabantu, kwatholakala ukuthi inani elincane lamaphutha angaphakathi epayipi lensimbi lingaphezu kwemithetho yefektri kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlangana kwensimbi yaseJalimane.(3) ipayipi lensimbi elihlanganisiwe elingenisiwe eJalimane, ibanga lensimbi lingu-34 crmo4 kanye no-12 crmov, njll. Lolu hlobo lweshubhu lensimbi ukusebenza kokushisa okuphezulu kuhle, okuvame ukusetshenziswa epayipini lensimbi elihlanganisiwe elinokushisa okuphezulu.(4) ishubhu le-alloy elingeniswe eJapan ngaphezulu, imininingwane mm5 426.012 ~ 8 m; 152.48.0 mm12m;89.110.0 mm6m; 101.610.0 mm12m; 114.38.0 mm6m; 127.08.0 mm9m Ukuqaliswa kwe-JISG3458 kwezindinganiso zezimboni zaseJapan, njengebanga lensimbi le-STPA25, lolu hlobo lwepayipi lensimbi elisetshenziselwa ukufanisa nepayipi le-alloy lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwepayipi le-boiler elinomfutho ophezulu, (1) ipayipi le-boiler elinomfutho ophezulu amazwe angenisa kakhulu yiJapan, eJalimane. Ngokuvamile angenisa imininingwane ye-15914.2 mm;2734.0 mm; 219.110.0 mm; 41975mm; I-406.460 mm iyincazelo encane kunazo zonke njenge-31.84.5 mm, ubude buvame ukuba yi-5 ~ 8 m.(2) uma kwenzeka isimangalo esingenisiwe, i-Germany mannesmann seamless boiler tube, i-pipe mill engeniswe yi-ST45 ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kokubalwa kwabantu, ithole ukuthi inani elincane lamaphutha angaphakathi epayipi lensimbi lingaphezu kwemithetho yefektri kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlangana kwensimbi yaseJalimane.(3) ipayipi lensimbi elihlanganisiwe elingenisiwe elivela eJalimane, ibanga lensimbi lingu-34 crmo4 kanye no-12 crmov, njll. Lolu hlobo lwepayipi lensimbi ukusebenza okuphezulu kokushisa kuhle, okuvame ukusetshenziswa epayipini lensimbi elihlanganisiwe elinokushisa okuphezulu.(4) ipayipi lensimbi elihlanganisiwe elingeniswe livela eJapan ngaphezulu, imininingwane mm5 426.012 ~ 8 m; 152.48.0 mm12m;89.110.0 mm6m; 101.610.0 mm12m; 114.38.0 mm6m; 127.08.0 mm9m JISG3458 ukusetshenziswa kwendinganiso yezimboni yaseJapan, njengebanga lensimbi le-STPA25. Lolu hlobo lwepayipi lensimbi lusetshenziselwa ukufanisa neshubhu ye-alloy yokushisa okuphezulu.

Izindlela zokukhiqiza ishubhu elingenamthungo lebhoyila. Ibhoyila enohlobo lweshubhu elingenamthungo. Izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye neshubhu elingenamthungo ziyafana, kodwa zinesicelo esiqinile sokukhiqiza insimbi esetshenziswa epayipini lensimbi. Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa, zingahlukaniswa zibe yishubhu ezimbili zebhoyila ezijwayelekile kanye neshubhu yebhoyila enomfutho ophezulu.1, umbono jikelele wendlela yokukhiqiza (1):(1) izinga lokushisa leshubhu elingenamthungo lebhoyila elijwayelekile ngaphansi kuka-450 ℃, ipayipi lasekhaya lisebenzisa kakhulu insimbi ye-carbon steel engu-10, 20 eshisayo noma edonswayo ebandayo.(2) amashubhu angenamthungo ebhoyila enomfutho ophezulu avame ukuba sezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu, lapho kusetshenziswa ipayipi ngaphansi kwesenzo segesi yokushisa ephezulu kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi, kuzokwenzeka i-oxidation kanye nokugqwala. Izidingo zepayipi lensimbi elinamandla okuqhekeka aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwe-oxidation, futhi linokuqina okuhle kokuhleleka.(2) ukusetshenziswa:(1) ipayipi elihlanganisiwe lebhoyila lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ipayipi lamanzi, ipayipi lamanzi, ipayipi lomusi elishisayo kakhulu, ipayipi lomusi elishisayo kakhulu lebhoyila, ipayipi elikhulu nelincane kanye ne-tube arch brick, njll.(2) ipayipi elishisayo lebhoyila elishisayo kakhulu lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amapayipi e-boyila ashisayo anengcindezi ephezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu, ipayipi lokuvuselela, ipayipi lomusi elikhulu lomoya, njll.

Ukusetshenziswa kwepayipi elingenamthungo le-boiler

(1) ishubhu elihlanganisiwe le-boiler lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ishubhu lodonga lwamanzi, ipayipi lamanzi, ishubhu lomusi elishisayo kakhulu, ishubhu le-locomotive boiler elishisayo kakhulu, ishubhu elikhulu nelincane kanye ne-tube arch brick, njll.(2) ishubhu elihlanganisiwe le-boiler elishisayo kakhulu lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amashubhu e-boiler ashisayo ane-high-pressure kanye ne-ultra-high-pressure superheater, ishubhu lokuvuselela, ishubhu lomusi oyinhloko womoya, njll.(3) amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo e-boiler aphansi aphakathi nendawo kanye nomthetho we-GB5310-95 "weshubhu lensimbi elingenamthungo le-boiler". Ikhwalithi yokubukeka: ishubhu lensimbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle alivunyelwe ukuba noqhekeko, ukugoqa, ukugoqa, ukulimaza, ukuhlukanisa kanye nomugqa wezinwele. Lawa maphutha kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele. Susa ukuphambuka okungekuhle, ukujula akufanele kudlule ubukhulu bodonga obujwayelekile ukuhlanzwa kobukhulu bodonga lwangempela akufanele kube ngaphansi kwenani elincane lobukhulu bodonga elivunyelwe. Indlela yokubala isisindo yethiyori yeshubhu elingenamthungo le-boiler: – ubukhulu bodonga (ububanzi) * 0.02466 * ubukhulu bodonga.