Ishubhu lensimbi elingenamthungo liyinsimbi eyindilinga, eyisikwele, engunxande enengxenye engenalutho futhi ayikho imithungo ezungezile.Amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo enziwe ngezingotshi noma amabhilidi aqinile abhoboze amashubhu e-capillary abese egoqwa ashisayo, agoqeke abandayo noma adonswe ngokubanda.

Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elinengxenye engenalutho, inani elikhulu lamapayipi asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uketshezi, Emandleni okugoba namandla okuqhuma ngesikhathi esifanayo,Ukuqhathanisa ipayipi lensimbi elinensimbi eyindilinga kanye nezinye isisindo sepayipi eliqinile.

Ukukhiqizwa kweshubhu lensimbi elingenamthungo kunomlando weminyaka ecishe ibe yi-100. Abazalwane baseJalimane baseManismann baqala ukusungula isibhakela esinama-roll-rolling-rolling ngo-1885, base basungula umshini wokugoqa amapayipi ngezikhathi ezithile ngo-1891, futhi i-RCStiefel yaseSwitzerland yasungula umshini wokugoqa wamapayipi ozenzakalelayo (owaziwa nangokuthi umshini wepayipi ophezulu wokugoqa, umshini wokugoqa wamapayipi 3, kanye nomshini oqhubekayo wokugoqa) umshini wokusunduza amapayipi, waqala ukwakha imboni yesimanje yamashubhu ensimbi engenamthungo.Ngawo-1930, kwathathwa umshini wokugaya amapayipi amathathu.

I-Extrusion press kanye nezigayo ezibandayo ezigoqayo zithuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kanye nekhwalithi yamashubhu ensimbi. Ngeminyaka yo-1960, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwepayipi eliginqikayo eliqhubekayo, ukuvela kwe-punch ye-three-roll, ikakhulukazi ukuphumelela kokusetshenziswa komshini wokunciphisa ukungezwani kanye ne-casting billet eqhubekayo, kuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi kwathuthukisa ukuncintisana kwamapayipi ngaphandle komthungo.

Ngawo-1970, ipayipi elingenamthungo kanye nepayipi elishiselwe kuyahambisana, futhi ukuphuma kwepayipi lensimbi emhlabeni kukhuphuka ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-5 ngonyaka. Kusukela ngo-1953, i-China iye yafaka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yeshubhu yensimbi engenamthungo, futhi yaqale yakha uhlelo lokukhiqiza lokugingqa amapayipi ahlukahlukene amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo namancane. nokudweba ikhoyili.

Isicelokanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo

Isicelo: Ishubhu yensimbi engenamthungo iwuhlobo lwensimbi yesigaba sezomnotho, inesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu emnothweni kazwelonke, esetshenziswa kabanzi ku-petroleum, embonini yamakhemikhali, kubhayela, esiteshini samandla, umkhumbi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, imoto, izindiza, i-aerospace, amandla, i-geology, imikhakha yezokwakha kanye nezempi.

Ukuhlukaniswa:

(1) Ngokuvumelana nokuma kwesigaba esihlukaniswe: Ishubhu lesigaba esiyindilinga, ishubhu lesigaba esimise okukhethekile

(2) ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: ipayipi lensimbi ye-carbon, ipayipi lensimbi ye-alloy, ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali, ipayipi eliyinhlanganisela

(3) Ngokusho kwemodi yokuxhuma: ipayipi yokuxhuma enentambo, ipayipi yokushisela

(4) Ngokwemodi yokukhiqiza: ukugoqa okushisayo (i-extrusion, phezulu, ukunwetshwa) ipayipi, ipayipi elibandayo eligoqayo (ukudonsa)

(5) Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa: ipayipi elibhayela, ipayipi lomthombo kawoyela, ipayipi lepayipi, ipayipi lesakhiwo, ipayipi likamanyolo.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ishubhu yensimbi engenamthungo

Inqubo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko yeshubhu yensimbi engenamthungo egoqwe ngokushisayo (inqubo yokuhlola enkulu):

Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-billet yepayipi → ukushisisa kwe-billet yepayipi → ukubhoboza → ipayipi eligoqayo → ukushisisa kabusha kwepayipi elingenalutho → ukulungisa (ukunciphisa) ububanzi → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa kwepayipi eliphelile → ukuqeda → ukuhlolwa (okungonakali, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwesiteshi) → indawo yokugcina impahla

(2) Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo eligoqeka (umdwebo).

Ukulungiswa kwebhilethi → ukukha nokugcoba → ukugoqa okubandayo (umdwebo) → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa → ukuqeda → ukuhlola

Ishadi lokugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yeshubhu yensimbi engenamthungo egoqelwe ngokushisayo limi kanje: