Uma ufuna ukwazi ulwazi olwengeziwe, njengekhotheshini, imikhiqizo, izixazululo, njll., pqashaxhumana nathi ku-inthanethi.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemininingwane
| Into | Okuqukethwe | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| I-GOST 8732-78 | Ububanzi bobukhulu kanye nezinga lokuhlanganisa lamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo aguqukile ashisayo | Icacisa ububanzi bangaphandle, ukujiya kodonga, ubude, njll. Isebenza kumapayipi angenamthungo akhiqizwa ukugoqa okushisayo (ukuguqulwa okushisayo). Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-OD: 32-426 mm; ukujiya kodonga njengoba kudingeka. |
| I-GOST 8731-74 | Izinga elijwayelekile lemibandela yobuchwepheshe yamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo aguqukile ashisayo | Icacisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokuhlola, njll. Lezi zindinganiso ezimbili kumele zisetshenziswe ndawonye ukwakha incazelo ephelele yomkhiqizo. |
| 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | Ibanga lensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy yaseRussia | Insimbi ye-alloy yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo enamandla aphezulu nokuqina okuhle. Isetshenziswa emishinini, embonini yezempi, ezindiza, njll. |
| B | Ukuqokwa kwepayipi "lekilasi" | Uphawu lwebanga ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwesiRashiya (olufana ne-PSL1). Izidingo ezithile kumele ziqinisekiswe ngemibhalo yobuchwepheshe kanye nemininingwane ye-oda. |
2. Izinga kanye nezinto ezilinganayo zesiShayina
Izinto eziqondile ezilinganayo: 30CrMnSiA (GB/T 3077 – Insimbi yesakhiwo se-Alloy)
Zilingana ngokuphelele futhi zingabhekwa njengezinto ezifanayo. Ukuqhathaniswa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali:
| Isici | 30KhGSA (30ХГСА) | 30CrMnSiA | Inothi |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.27 – 0.34 | 0.27 – 0.34 | Ikhabhoni ephakathi nendawo |
| Si | 0.90 – 1.20 | 0.90 – 1.20 | — |
| Mn | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | — |
| Cr | 0.80 – 1.10 | 0.80 – 1.10 | Kuthuthukisa ukuqina |
| S | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | — |
Izakhiwo zemishini ezibhekiselwe kuzo:
Amandla okudonsa: ≥ 420 MPa
Amandla okukhiqiza: ≥ 235 MPa
Ukwelulwa: ≥ 24%
Ukuqina komthelela: ≥ 35 J/cm²
Ubulukhuni: ≤ 207 HB
3. Ukuhunyushwa Okujwayelekile
I-GOST 8732-78
Ububanzi bobukhulu: OD 32 – 426 mm, ubukhulu bodonga 2.5 – 75 mm (eminye imithombo ikhombisa kufika ku-75 mm)
Ubude: Ngokuvamile 4.0 - 12.5 m
Amabanga ensimbi asebenzayo: Kokubili izinsimbi ze-carbon kanye ne-alloy (isb., insimbi ye-alloy engu-12Kh1MF, njll.)
GI-OST 8731-74
Ububanzi: Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ajwayelekile enziwe ngensimbi yekhabhoni ne-alloy
Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokuhlola, izidingo zokwelapha ukushisa, njll. Kumelwe kusetshenziswe kanye ne-GOST 8732-78
4. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekukhiqizeni
Le nto iyinsimbi ye-alloy ye-carbon ephakathi nendawo edinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwenqubo. Naka ngokukhethekile:
4.1 Ukulawulwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe
Ama-billet kumele enziwe ngezimbali eziyindilinga zensimbi ehlanganisiwe. Hlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile (i-S ne-P ephansi ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka).
Khetha ama-billet avela ezigayweni ezinkulu ezinolwazi lwensimbi ye-alloy (isb., i-Baosteel, i-Valin Steel, i-Hengyang) ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi (okuqukethwe kwegesi okuphansi, okumbalwa okufakwayo).
4.2 Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa Lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa lokushisa lama-billets: 1150 - 1250 °C; qinisekisa izinga lokushisa elifanayo kusukela enkabeni kuya phezulu ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukufudumala okungaphansi.
Lawula ngokuqinile isikhathi sokushisa kanye nomkhathi ukuze uvimbele ukubola kwekhabhoni ebusweni (kuthinta ubulukhuni namandla obuphezulu).
4.3 Ukulawulwa Kokuguquka Nokwakheka
Lawula ukufana kobukhulu bodonga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-OD kanye nokubekezelelana kobukhulu bodonga kuyahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
Ngenqubo yokubhoboza, sebenzisa ukunciphisa okuncane ngaphambi kwepulaki ukuze ugweme amaphutha angaphakathi njengokweqa noma ukuqhekeka.
4.4 Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (Okubalulekile!)
I-30KhGSA iyinsimbi ecinyiwe futhi eqiniswe ngekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo – kumele idlule ekucimeni + ekuqinisweni ukuze ifinyelele izakhiwo ezidingekayo. Ngemva kokucinywa nokufakwa, ikhombisa amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okwanele. Incazelo ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kokushisa: ukucinywa ku-880 °C, ukupholisa uwoyela; ukuqiniswa ku-540 °C, ukupholisa amanzi noma uwoyela. Izakhiwo zemishini ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kumele zihlolwe ngokuqinile ngokwezinga.
4.5 Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi: Ngokwezidingo, ipayipi ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic (UT) noma kwe-eddy current (ET).
Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini: Amasampula kufanele athathwe ngebhetshi ngayinye ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthambekela, ukushayisana, ukuthamba/ukugoba.
Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu nokubukwayo: Ipayipi ngalinye lihlolwe i-OD, ukujiya kodonga, ubude, ikhwalithi yobuso, i-bevel yokugcina, njll.
5. Izicelo kanye Nezidingo Zokuthumela Ngaphandle
Amapayipi angenamthungo alolu hlobo asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindiza, ekukhiqizeni ezempi, ubunjiniyela bemishini (izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla aphezulu), kanye nemishayo esindayo, amagiya, ama-compressor blades, njll.
Uma uthumela kwamanye amazwe eRussia, kudingeka ukuthobela i-Eurasian Customs Union Technical Regulation TR CU 032/2013 (Ukuphepha Kwemishini Yokucindezela). Kunconywa ukuqinisekisa izidingo zesitifiketi se-EAC nekhasimende kusenesikhathi futhi kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okufanele kukhotheshini.
Uma ikhasimende linikeza izinga lensimbi kanye nezinga elijwayelekile kuphela ngaphandle kokucacisa i-OD, ukujiya kodonga, ubude kanye nobuningi, cela lolu lwazi kuqala ngaphambi kokucaphuna ukuze ugweme izingozi zokusebenza ezilandelayo.
Uma uphendula, khuluma ngezinto ezibalulekile njengokungashibiliki kahle kanye nesitifiketi se-EAC ukuze ubonise ubungcweti.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-01-2026
