15Mo3 (15MoG): Liyipayipi lensimbi elijwayelekile le-DIN17175. Liyipayipi lensimbi le-carbon molybdenum elincane elinobubanzi obuncane le-boiler kanye ne-superheater, kanye nensimbi enamandla ashisayo yohlobo lwe-pearlescent. Ngo-1995, latshalwa kabusha laba yi-GB5310futhi iqanjwe ngokuthi yi-15MoG. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula, kodwa iqukethe i-molybdenum, ngakho-ke inamandla okushisa angcono kunensimbi yekhabhoni ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza okufanayo kwenqubo njengensimbi yekhabhoni. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle, intengo eshibhile, isetshenziswe kabanzi emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, insimbi inomkhuba wokwenza i-graphitization ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-510℃, futhi inani le-Al elingeziwe ekuncibilikiseni kufanele lilinganiselwe ekulawuleni nasekulibaziseni inqubo ye-graphitization. Le tube yensimbi isetshenziselwa kakhulu i-superheater ephansi yokushisa kanye ne-reheater ephansi yokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lodonga lingaphansi kuka-510℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali C0.12-0.20, SI0.10-0.35, MN0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, MO0.25-0.35; Izinga lamandla elijwayelekile σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; I-delta yepulasitiki engu-22 noma ngaphezulu.

15CrMoG:GB5310Insimbi engu--95 (efana nensimbi engu-1CR-1/2Mo kanye nensimbi engu-11/4CR-1/2MO-Si esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni), okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chromium kuphakeme kunensimbi engu-12CrMo, ngakho-ke inamandla aphezulu okushisa ku-500-550℃. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ku-550℃, amandla okushisa ensimbi ancipha kakhulu. Uma isebenza isikhathi eside ku-500-550℃, i-graphitization ayenzeki, kodwa kwenzeka ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kwe-carbide spheroidization kanye ne-alloying element, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla okushisa ensimbi. Insimbi inokumelana okuhle nokuphumula ku-450℃. Ukusebenza kwayo kwenqubo yokwenza amapayipi kanye nokushisela kuhle. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengomsele womusi ocindezelayo ophezulu nophakathi kanye nebhokisi lokuxhuma elinepharamitha yomusi engaphansi kuka-550℃, ishubhu le-superheater elinokushisa kodonga okungaphansi kuka-560℃, njll. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali alo C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, MN0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR0.80-1.10, MO0.40-0.55; Ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile sokushisa, izinga lamandla σs≥235, σb≥440-640 MPa; I-Plastic delta p 21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) kukhonaI-ASME SA213 (I-SA335) izinto zekhodi, ezifakiwe kuGB5310-95. Ochungechungeni lwensimbi ye-CR-Mo, ukusebenza kwayo kwamandla okushisa kuphakeme kakhulu, amandla okushisa afanayo aqinile kanye nokucindezeleka okuvunyelwe kunensimbi ye-9CR-1Mo kuphakeme nakakhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi emandleni okushisa angaphandle, amandla enuzi kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela. Kodwa-ke, umnotho wayo wobuchwepheshe uphansi kune-12Cr1MoV yethu, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamabhoyila wamandla okushisa asekhaya. Sebenzisa kuphela uma kudingeka (ikakhulukazi uma yaklanywa futhi yakhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nekhodi ye-ASME). Insimbi ayizweli ekwelashweni kokushisa futhi inokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokushisela. Ishubhu elincane le-T22 lisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinga lokushisa lodonga lwensimbi elingaphansi kwama-580℃ superheater kanye neshubhu yokushisa ephinde ifudumale, njll.,P22Ipayipi elikhulu elinobubanzi lisetshenziswa kakhulu odongeni lwensimbi, izinga lokushisa lodonga alidluli ku-565℃ superheater/reheater coupling box kanye nepayipi eliyinhloko lomusi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali alo C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, CR1.90-2.60, MO0.87-1.13; Ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile sokushisa, izinga lamandla σs≥280, σb≥450-600 MPa; I-delta yepulasitiki engu-20 noma ngaphezulu.

12Cr1MoVG:GB5310Insimbi ejwayelekile ye--95 nano, iyi-high pressure yasekhaya, i-ultra high pressure, i-subcritical power plant boiler superheater, ibhokisi lokuqoqa kanye nomsele omkhulu womusi osetshenziswa kabanzi ngensimbi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zepuleti le-12Cr1MoV kuyafana ngokuyisisekelo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwayo kulula, okuqukethwe kwe-alloy okuphelele kungaphansi kuka-2%, ngohlobo lwe-carbon ephansi, i-alloy ephansi ye-pearlescent yensimbi enamandla ashisayo. I-Vanadium ingakha i-carbide VC ezinzile nge-carbon, engenza i-chromium ne-molybdenum ensimbini ibe khona ngokukhethekile ku-ferrite, futhi yehlise izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-chromium ne-molybdenum kusuka ku-ferrite kuya ku-carbide, ukuze insimbi izinze kakhulu ekushiseni okuphezulu. Inani eliphelele lezinto ezihlanganisiwe kule nsimbi liyingxenye nje yensimbi engu-2.25 CR-1Mo esetshenziswa kabanzi kwamanye amazwe, kodwa amandla aqinile kumahora angu-580℃ kanye namahora angu-100,000 aphezulu ngo-40% kunalawo akamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula futhi ukusebenza kwe-welding kuhle. Uma nje inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iqinile, ukusebenza okuphelele kanye nokusebenza kwamandla okushisa kunganeliseka. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesiteshi sikagesi kubonisa ukuthi ipayipi eliyinhloko lomusi le-12Cr1MoV lingasetshenziswa ngemuva kokusebenza okuphephile ku-540℃ amahora ayi-100,000. Ipayipi elikhulu lisetshenziswa kakhulu njengebhokisi lokuqoqa kanye nomsele oyinhloko womusi wepharamitha yomusi ngaphansi kuka-565℃, kanti ipayipi elincane lisetshenziselwa ipayipi lokushisa lobuso bebhoyila lokushisa kodonga lwensimbi ngaphansi kuka-580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102):I-Gb5310-95 ensimbini, ngenxa yentuthuko yaseShayina ngawo-1960, i-carbon ephansi, i-alloy ephansi (inani elincane lokuhlukahluka) insimbi enamandla ashisayo yohlobo lwe-Bainite, kusukela ngawo-1970 yafakwa ku-Ministry of Metallurgical Industry standard YB529-70 futhi manje indinganiso kazwelonke, ekupheleni kuka-1980 insimbi ngokusebenzisa uMnyango Wezimboni Zensimbi, uMnyango Wemishini kanye noMnyango Wezokubona Amandla Kagesi. Insimbi inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini, futhi amandla ayo okushisa kanye nokushisa kwesevisi kuphakeme kunalawo ezinsimbi ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe, kufinyelela ezingeni lezinsimbi ezithile ze-chromium-nickel austenitic ku-620℃. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi insimbi iqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezixubayo, futhi yengezwe futhi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushiswa kwezinto ezifana ne-Cr, Si, ngakho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenkonzo lingafinyelela ku-620℃. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesiteshi samandla kubonisa ukuthi isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zepayipi lensimbi azishintshi kakhulu ngemva kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengeshubhu ye-superheater kanye neshubhu ye-reheater yebhoyila yepharamitha ephezulu kakhulu enokushisa kwensimbi okungu-≤620℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, MN0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR1.60-2.10, MO0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, TI0.08-0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; Ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile sokushisa, izinga lamandla lingu-σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa; I-Plastic delta p 18.

I-Sa-213t91 (335P91): Inombolo yensimbi kuI-ASME SA-213(335) ejwayelekile. Yakhiwa yiRubber Ridge National Laboratory yase-United States of America, esetshenziswa emandleni enuzi (ingasetshenziswa nakwezinye izici) izingxenye zokucindezela ukushisa okuphezulu kwezinto, insimbi isekelwe ensimbini ye-T9 (9CR-1MO), emkhawulweni wokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, ilawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-P ne-S nezinye izinto ezisele ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uhlobo olusha lwensimbi ye-ferritic engamelana nokushisa lwakhiwa ngokungeza amanani amancane angu-0.030-0.070% N, 0.18-0.25% V kanye no-0.06-0.10% Nb ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokucwengisiswa kokusanhlamvu.I-ASME SA-213insimbi ejwayelekile yekholomu, eyatshalwa kabushaGB5310ejwayelekile ngo-1995 kanti izinga lingu-10Cr9Mo1VNb. I-ISO/ DIS9399-2 ejwayelekile yamazwe ngamazwe ibhalwe njengo-X10 CRMOVNB9-1.

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium (9%), ukumelana kwayo ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuthambekela kokungaguquguquki kwe-graphitization kungcono kunensimbi ephansi ye-alloy. I-Molybdenum (1%) ithuthukisa kakhulu amandla okushisa aphezulu futhi ivimbela ukuthambekela kokushisa kwe-chromium steel. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-T9, izakhiwo zokushisela kanye nokukhathala kokushisa ziyathuthukiswa, amandla aqinile ku-600℃ aphindwe kathathu kunalawo akamuva, futhi ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kokushisa okuphezulu kwensimbi ye-T9 (9CR-1Mo) kuyagcinwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, i-coefficient yokwandisa incane, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kuhle, futhi kunamandla aqinile aphezulu (njengangesilinganiso sensimbi ye-austenitic ye-TP304, kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa eliqinile lingu-625℃, izinga lokushisa elilinganayo lokucindezeleka lingu-607℃). Ngakho-ke, inezakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu zemishini, isakhiwo esizinzile kanye nezakhiwo ngaphambi nangemva kokuguga, izakhiwo ezinhle zokushisela kanye nezinqubo, amandla aphezulu aqinile kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-superheater kanye ne-reheater enezinga lokushisa lensimbi ≤650℃ ku-boiler. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, CR8.00-9.50, MO0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04, NB0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; Ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile sokushisa, izinga lamandla σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa; I-delta yepulasitiki engu-20 noma ngaphezulu.