2021, siqhubeke nokujulisa ukuguqulwa kwemboni yepayipi yensimbi yesakhiwo ezweni lethu, sikhuthaze uguquko lwemboni ye-carbon low green, kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu kwinqubomgomo yezimboni zezwe, ukusebenzisa amandla okulawula, ukukhishwa, ukuqeda zonke izaphulelo zentela yokuthekelisa yensimbi, ngaphansi kwesizinda sokufeza i-carbon ephindwe kabili, ukubhekana nesidingo esishintshayo isimo kokubili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ukuzama ukunqoba intengo yangempela yezinto ezibonakalayo ezifana nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zemvelo ezifana nobunzima obuphezulu kanye nobunzima obukhulu, ukufezekiswa “kokunciphisa inani kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga” ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenza jikelele kwemboni kuzinzile, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sensimbi yemboni engezansi nokuqinisekisa ukusimama okuqhubekayo komnotho wezwe kube negalelo elihle.

1 Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi nokusetshenziswa okusobala eChina

Ngokusho kwedatha yokukhiqiza ipayipi ehlanganisiwe enyatheliswa yi-National Bureau of Statistics kanye nepayipi lensimbi Igatsha elisekelwe kudatha yokukhiqiza yamabhizinisi angamalungu ukulinganisa idatha yokukhiqiza ipayipi engenamthungo, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2021, ukukhiqizwa kwepayipi lensimbi kazwelonke lamathani ayizigidi ezingu-853,62, phansi ngo-3.66%; Ukusetshenziswa okusobala bekungamathani angama-78,811,600, kwehle ngo-4.33% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-58.832, kwehle ngo-3.57% unyaka nonyaka; Ukusetshenziswa okusobala bekungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-55.2763, phansi ngo-4.07% unyaka nonyaka. Ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe kweshubhu lensimbi engenamthungo kungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-26.80.00, phansi ngo-3.86% unyaka nonyaka; Ukusetshenziswa okusobala bekungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-23.5353, kanti unyaka nonyaka wehla ngo-4.93%. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ngo-2021, ipayipi lensimbi laseChina, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okubonakala kwehla unyaka nonyaka. Ukukhishwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okusobala kwamapayipi ensimbi e-China ngo-2020-2021 kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1 kanye noMdwebo 1.

Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha yezibalo, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwemboni yamapayipi ensimbi yaseChina engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, kodwa ukukhula okukhiphayo kubonakala kuncane, uma kuqhathaniswa nabathintekayo amanani ensimbi yamazwe ngamazwe akhuphuka kakhulu ngoMeyi, ipayipi, amanani epuleti akhuphuka kakhulu, okuye kwaphusha amanani ensimbi akhuphuka kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kuthenga umthelela omkhulu embonini engaphansi komfula, yenza isidingo esibuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo semboni yensimbi ukunciphisa izidingo zokukhiqiza insimbi engahluziwe, sithinte amabhizinisi athile, ukuze ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwepayipi lensimbi laseChina kwaba uhla oluthile lokwehla.

2. Izintengo zamapayipi ensimbi eChina

Kusukela ngoNovemba 2020, ngenxa yokukhuphuka okubukhali kwamanani entengo yezinto ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa njengensimbi yensimbi, amanani entengo ye-billet ne-strip steel e-China aye akhuphuka kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-3, kanye nezintengo zamapayipi ensimbi.

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Umkhuba wamanani wepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, ipayipi elishiselwe kanye nepayipi lika-galvanized e-China kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2021 kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Phakathi kwazo, intengo ye-φ 219 mm × 10 mm yokucaciswa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ikhuphuke ngokushesha kusukela ngoNovemba 2020, intengo ikhuphuke isuka ku-4645 yuan kusukela ku-yuan engu-2 kuya ku-2 yuan ngo-216 ngoMeyi. 2008), ikhuphuke cishe ngo-2000 yuan, ikhuphuke ngo-42.9%; Ngemuva kukaMeyi 2021, inani lehle labuyela ku-6,160 yuan ngoJulayi, lehla cishe ngama-yuan angama-500, lase likhuphukela ku-6,636 yuan ngo-Okthoba (eyesibili ukuphakama), lase lehlela ku-5,931 yuan ngoDisemba. Intengo ibilokhu inyakaza ngezinga eliphezulu kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka.

Unyaka ka-2021 unyaka ongcono kakhulu embonini yensimbi yaseChina kusukela ngo-2008, izinzuzo zemboni zaba ngcono kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengenye yemikhiqizo yezimboni zensimbi nensimbi, ipayipi lensimbi alizange lithuthukiswe kakhulu njengepuleti, ibha, ucingo kanye nephrofayili. Izizathu zimi kanje: okokuqala, nakuba intengo yepayipi yensimbi ikhuphuke kakhulu, intengo yepayipi yensimbi ayizange ikhuphukele ezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yethonya lentengo ephansi kawoyela kanye nentengo ephansi yokubhida yepayipi lomthombo wamafutha. Umkhuba wamanani wepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, ishidi elinamandla, ishidi eligoqiwe elishisayo kanye ne-rebar e-China kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2020 kuya kuJanuwari 2022 kukhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 5. Kungabonakala ukuthi intengo yeshidi lika-galvanized ngo-2021 iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo ye-seamless steel tube 300 ~ 750 yuan, kanti ezinye izinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-flutu cishe iminyaka emibili. 200 yuan. Okwesibili, ngenxa yokwenyuka okubukhali kwamanani entengo yezinto eziluhlaza kanye nezinsiza, umehluko wamanani phakathi kwepayipi lensimbi ne-billet uhlala ezingeni lika-2020, futhi umkhawulo wenzuzo wemikhiqizo awuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza amapayipi omthombo kawoyela, athintwe intengo kawoyela ephansi kanye nentengo ephansi yokubhida yepayipi lomthombo kawoyela, ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kunzima, amabhizinisi amaningi asemaphethelweni enzuzo encane noma ukulahlekelwa, amabhizinisi ngamanye asalahlekelwa.

Ngo-2021, nakuba umbuso walungisa kabili isaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa yemikhiqizo yensimbi, ukuze izinga lesaphulelo sentela libuyele ku-0, kodwa umthamo wokuthekelisa wepayipi lensimbi awuncishisiwe kodwa uyanda. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi: okokuqala, ngenxa yomthelela we-COVID-19, amanye amabhizinisi amapayipi ensimbi angaphandle awakakawuqalisi ngokugcwele ukukhiqiza, futhi imakethe ibilokhu intula isikhathi eside, futhi amanani entengo yamapayipi ensimbi emhlabeni wonke akhuphuke kakhulu (izintengo zeminye imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ziphezulu kunezasekhaya); Okwesibili, amabhizinisi athumela ngaphandle akhathazekile ngamazwe alandelayo ukuze anyuse amanani entengo emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ngakho anda, asheshise amandla okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngekota yesine ukhuphuke kakhulu. NgoZibandlela wezi-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamapayipi ensimbi eChina kwakungama-160.44% esilinganiso sezinyanga eziyi-11 ezedlule. Ikakhulukazi, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo ngoDisemba kwaba amathani ayi-531,000, amaphesenti angama-203.92 esilinganiso sokuthekelisa samathani angama-260,400 ezinyangeni eziyi-11 zokuqala. Lo mkhuba uqhubekile waze wafika engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022.

3.2 Izinto ezibalulekile ezithunyelwa ngaphandle

Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-General Administration of Customs yaseChina, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo laseChina lithumela ngaphandle kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.3952 ngo-2021, ukukhula konyaka ngo-3.79%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwamapayipi ngaphandle komthungo kwaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.2743, kwehle ngo-9.60% unyaka nonyaka; Ithubhu likawoyela elingenamthungo lithumela ngaphandle amathani angama-906,200, akhuphuka ngo-2.81% unyaka nonyaka; Amashubhu obhayela angenamthungo athumela ngaphandle amathani ayi-151,800, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-15.22%; Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamapayipi ashiselwe ngamathani angu-757,700, kwehle ngo-9.16% ngonyaka; Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamashubhu ashicilelwe anomumo okhethekile nayisikwele esingunxande kwaba amathani ayi-1,325,400, akhuphuka ngo-4.41% unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2021, ngenxa yomthelela womqedazwe we-COVID-19 emhlabeni wonke kanye nezaphulelo zentela ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, umthamo wokuthekelisa wezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zaseShayina zamapayipi angenamthungo, ipayipi likabhayela elingenamthungo namapayipi ashiselwe lehla kakhulu. Bheka Ithebula 3 kanye noMfanekiso 7 ukuze uthole ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe izinhlobo zamapayipi ensimbi amakhulu e-China ngo-2020-2021.

3. Ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe amapayipi ensimbi eShayina

3.1 Ivolumu yokungenisa nokuthekelisa kanye nentengo

Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-General Administration of Customs, Ngo-2021, ipayipi yensimbi yaseChina ingenisa amathani angama-349,600, phansi ngo-7.21%; Isilinganiso sentengo yokungenisa sasingu-$3824/t, sikhuphuke ngo-12.71% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, ithubhu yensimbi engenamthungo engenisiwe ye-130,500 t, phansi ngo-13.80%; Isilinganiso sentengo yokungenisa sasingu-$5769 /t, sikhuphuke ngo-13.32% unyaka nonyaka. Amapayipi ashiselwe angenisa amathani angama-219,100, ehle ngo-2.80%; Isilinganiso sentengo yokungenisa besiyi-$2671/t, sikhuphuke ngo-18.31% unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2021, i-China yathumela ngaphandle amathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.17 zamashubhu ensimbi, akhuphuka ngo-4.19% unyaka nonyaka; Isilinganiso sentengo yokuthekelisa sasingu-$1542/t, sikhuphuke ngo-36.5% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, ithubhu lensimbi engenamthungo lithumela ngaphandle amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.3952, akhuphuke ngo-3.79%; Isilinganiso sentengo yokuthekelisa sasingu-$1,508/t, sikhuphuke ngo-23.67% unyaka nonyaka. Umthamo wamapayipi ashiselwe emazweni angaphandle wawungamathani ayizigidi ezi-3.7748, wenyuka ngo-4.55% unyaka nonyaka; Isilinganiso sentengo yokuthekelisa sasingu-$1573/t, sikhuphuke ngo-49.99% unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2021, umthamo wokungenisa wamapayipi ensimbi waseChina ungamaphesenti angu-0.41 kuphela okukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi, intengo yokuthekelisa yamapayipi ashiselwe iphezulu kunepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo okokuqala ngqa. Bheka Ithebula 2 kanye noMfanekiso 6 ukuze uthole umthamo wokungenisa nokuthekelisa kanye nengxenye yamapayipi ensimbi eShayina ngo-2020-2021.

3.3 Amazwe Athekelisa Nawathumela Ngaphandle

Ngo-2021, amazwe angu-10 aphezulu okuthunyelwa kwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo e-China yiNingizimu Korea, i-India, i-UNITED Arab Emirates, i-Algeria, iThailand, i-Oman, i-Indonesia, i-Turkey, i-Vietnam, i-Australia, Abathengisi abaphuma phambili abayi-10 bamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe yiPhilippines, Nigeria, Myanmar, Australia, South Korea, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore kanye neCanada. Amazwe okuyiwa kuwo amapayipi ensimbi aseShayina athunyelwa kakhulu emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwezinye izifunda, lapho iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iGulf kanye nezinye izifunda zenza ngaphezu kwama-40% okuthengiswa kweChina. Ngenkathi eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, ingenye yabathengi abakhulu bensimbi, kodwa kusukela kwaba nenkinga yezimali emhlabeni wonke ngo-2008, isifunda siyaqhubeka nokwethula uphenyo lwekhambi lokuhweba lwepayipi lensimbi ezweni lethu, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esifundeni se-steel tube akhawunti okungaphansi kuka-6%, ukuthekelisa okukhulu kwezinhlobo ezimbili zaseChina (ipayipi lomthombo kawoyela, ipayipi lomugqa) cishe kulawa mazwe nasezifundeni. Umthamo wokuthekelisa wepayipi lensimbi laseChina ngezwe noma isifunda ngo-2020-2021 uboniswa kuMfanekiso 8.