Njengoba bebaningi kangakaipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungoizitshalo eShayina, uma ubungakhetha abameleli abambalwa kuphela, ubani obengaba ngowokuqala ukufika engqondweni?

Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngazo ngayinye ngayinye, kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

Ake siqale ngeNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina. I-Ansteel Seamless Steel Pipe Plant, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1953, yayiyisitshalo sokuqala samapayipi ensimbi esingenamthungo eNew China, esaziwa embonini ngokuthi "i-cradle."

Inamandla okukhiqiza angamathani angu-500,000 ngonyaka, kanye nemininingwane esukela ku-Φ60-180mm, ikakhulukazi ikhiqiza amapayipi emithombo kawoyela, amapayipi epayipi, kanye namapayipi ebhoyila.

I-Ansteel iphawuleka ngesisekelo sayo esiqinile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuzinzile, futhi ibilokhu inedumela elihle emikhakheni yokucubungula amakhemikhali kanye nemishini.

Okulandelayo, ake sibheke eNyakatho yeShayina. I-Tianjin Steel Pipe, eyaziwa embonini ngokuthi "i-TPCO" (i-Great Seamless), inomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.5, lapho amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 angamapayipi emithombo kawoyela, okuyifaka phakathi kwezinga eliphezulu lomthamo wokukhiqiza wesitshalo esisodwa emhlabeni jikelele.

Ihamba phambili ezweni ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu njengemipayipi yamapayipi olwandle olujulile, amapayipi kawoyela emithonjeni ejulile kakhulu, kanye namapayipi kawoyela amelana nokugqwala kakhulu.

Ngamafuphi: Ipayipi Lensimbi laseTianjin liyisinqumo sokuqala samaphrojekthi asezingeni likazwelonke olwandle olujulile kanye nolwemithombo ejulile.

Iqembu le-Baogang, elitholakala enyakatho yeShayina, lisebenzisa izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile zaseBaotou ukuze libe nezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele emapayipini akhethekile amelana nokugqwala kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.

Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke udlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2, kanye nemininingwane esukela ku-Φ38-457mm. Ngo-2025, ipayipi layo lesakhiwo elinamandla aphezulu kakhulu elingu-690 MPa elakhiwe ngokuzimela lase livele likhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi litholakala.

I-Baogang ithuthuke ngokushesha emapayipini esakhiwo asezingeni eliphezulu kanye namapayipi kawoyela eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi ithole nesitifiketi se-API.

EMpumalanga yeShayina, ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kweShandong Luli Group kudlule amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.37 ngo-2023, okubekwe endaweni yokuqala ezweni ngokwezinga lokukhiqiza kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa.

Uhlobo lwayo olungaphansi, 'iPanjin Steel Pipe,' lunezintambo eziyisithupha ezithuthukisiwe zokushisa ezikwazi ukuthwala amathani ayizigidi eziyisithupha.

Izici zikaLuli ziwubukhulu obukhulu beqoqo, imininingwane ephelele, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphakeme, okwenza ifaneleke kumaphrojekthi amakhulu.

E-Central China, i-Henan Fengbao Pipe Industry itshale ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2 kuphrojekthi enkulu, enobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu yepayipi lensimbi elinokunemba, lapho umthamo wokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi eligoqekile elishisayo uzodlula amathani ayizigidi ezimbili maduze.

I-Fengbao igcwalise igebe ekukhiqizweni kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu, futhi amakhono ayo okucubungula ajulile azoba ngaphezu kwama-60% omkhiqizo wayo wonke.

Umgomo ukwakha isisekelo esisezingeni eliphezulu samapayipi kawoyela, amapayipi esakhiwo, kanye namapayipi ebhoyila anomfutho ophezulu nophakathi.

Futhi eCentral China, iHubei Daye Special Steel, eyasungulwa ngo-1890, yaziwa ngokuthi "isiqalo sokwenza insimbi kwanamuhla kwaseShayina."

Inamandla okukhiqiza amathani ayisigidi amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anezindonga ezinde nobukhulu obuphakathi, anezincazelo ezisukela ku-Φ51-534mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obusukela ku-5-130mm.

Balawula imakethe yamapayipi emishini yobunjiniyela kanye namapayipi ebhoyila anomfutho ophezulu. Kumaphrojekthi anezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu, ayisinqumo esifanele.

Sixoxe ngezinkampani eziningana ezimele ezivela eNyakatho-mpumalanga, eNyakatho, eMpumalanga, naseCentral China. Esigabeni esilandelayo, sizoqhubeka siye eningizimu ukuze sixoxe ngeBaosteel nezitshalo eziyinhloko ngaphansi kweCITIC Pacific eMpumalanga China, kanye nezinkampani eziningana ezisebenza kahle ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe. Khumbula ukusilandela.

Sesikhulume ngabakhiqizi abaningana abakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neziphakathi. Kulokhu, sithuthela eMpumalanga yeShayina naseningizimu. Inkampani eyodwa wonke umuntu ayaziyo yiBaosteel, eseShanghai.

I-East China: I-Baosteel, "i-Third Pole" yemikhiqizo emide esezingeni eliphezulu

Ake siqale ngeBaosteel. Itholakala eShanghai, iyisikhungo esinamandla esidala embonini yethu. I-rolling mill yayo engamayunithi angu-140 eqhubekayo inamandla amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni akhiqizwa ngamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo.

Amapayipi asezingeni lamandla asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimweni zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezimo zolwandle olujulile nomhlaba ojulile, futhi amapayipi awo emithombo kawoyela amelana nokugqwala angu-13Cr angene ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle.

Ngo-2025, iBaosteel itshale imali eyizigidigidi ezingu-4.96 zama-yuan ukwakha isisekelo sepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elisezingeni eliphezulu, okuphakamisa imikhiqizo emide esezingeni eliphezulu ibe umkhiqizo wayo wesithathu ngobukhulu.

I-Baosteel iphawuleka ngamakhono obuchwepheshe aqinile, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo komkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D embonini.

Ake sixoxe nge-CITIC Pacific Special Steel. Akuyona ifektri eyodwa, kodwa yiqembu elinendlunkulu eJiangyin, eJiangsu.

Inezisekelo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokukhiqiza: i-Xingcheng Special Steel, i-Daye Special Steel, i-Qingdao Special Steel, i-Tianjin Steel Pipe, kanye ne-Jingjiang Special Steel.

Ngesikhathi se-14th Five-Year Plan, i-CITIC Special Steel yahlanganisa izinsiza zamapayipi ensimbi zezisekelo zayo ezahlukahlukene, yandisa umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo abe amathani ayizigidi ezi-5, okwenza kube umkhiqizi wamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Ngamafuphi: ihlanganisa ingxenye yempahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngamapayipi ensimbi aseShayina.

Phakathi kwezinkampani ezingaphansi kwe-CITIC Special Steel, i-Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel iyisisekelo sayo esiphambili, esinamandla okukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-6.9 ensimbi ekhethekile minyaka yonke.

Imikhiqizo kaXingcheng ayigcini ngamapayipi ensimbi, kodwa futhi ikhiqiza insimbi ethwala amabhethri, insimbi yezimoto, kanye nensimbi yamandla." Isikhundla sokuhola sikaXingcheng emhlabeni wonke kulo mkhakha sibeka uphawu lokulinganisa imboni yensimbi ekhethekile.

Intuthuko eminingi yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha emapayipini ensimbi angenamthungo kuncike kakhulu ekusekelweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo okunikezwa yizinkampani zensimbi ezikhethekile ezihamba phambili njenge-Xingcheng.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iZhejiang Jiuli Special Materials iyiqhawe elifihliwe emkhakheni wamapayipi angenasici angenamthungo.

Ikhethekile ngamapayipi akhethekile njenge-304, 316L, insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili, kanye nama-alloy amelana nokugqwala kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, anemininingwane esukela ku-Φ6-219mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obusukela ku-0.5-18mm, kanye namandla okukhiqiza angaba amathani angu-40,000.

Imikhiqizo yayo isetshenziswa emandleni enuzi, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, amandla amasha, kanye nobunjiniyela basolwandle, kanti inzuzo enkulu idlula u-34%.

Uma kukhulunywa ngamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-alloy ekhethekile, i-Jiuli yigama elingenakugwenywa.

Eningizimu, iHunan Hengyang Hualing Steel Pipe, eyasungulwa ngo-1958... IJianchang iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe elinamandla emhlabeni wonke lamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo.

Imininingwane yomkhiqizo isukela ku-32-762mm ububanzi, futhi ingakhiqiza namashubhu angunxande nayisikwele.

Ngo-2025, izosebenzisana noDanieli ukwakha umugqa wokukhiqiza oshisayo oqhubekayo omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, oklanywe ngobubanzi obukhulu bepayipi obungamasentimitha angu-Φ24.

Izinga lensimbi eliphakeme kakhulu lamapayipi kawoyela negesi yi-HS155V, kumapayipi omugqa ifinyelela ku-X100Q, kanti kumapayipi omshini wokucindezela ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-600℃.

Ngamafuphi: amandla amakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya okuphezulu.

Ekugcineni, uma sibheka eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina, iPanzhihua Iron & Steel Group iChengdu Steel & Vanadium. Njengoba inomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke ongamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.12, imikhiqizo yayo ihlanganisa amapayipi kawoyela, amapayipi ebhoyila, njll., futhi inesitifiketi se-API kanye namalayisense okukhiqiza imishini yokuphepha kwenuzi.

Imininingwane: Φ6-720mm, ubukhulu bodonga obungu-0.5-45mm amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo abe negalelo elikhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokuvikela izwe, izindiza, amandla enuzi, kanye nama-boiler.

I-Pangang (i-Pangang Group) ingumkhiqizi wamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina enezinhlobo eziphelele kakhulu zemininingwane yomkhiqizo.

Vele, kunezinkampani eziningi ezingashiwongo, njengeJingjiang Special Steel, Qingdao Special Steel, Zhejiang Taifu, kanye neDalipu, Molong, Chengde, Longchuan, Jianlong, Huarun, Changjiang, njll. Baphinde banikele buthule futhi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamandla ezweni, ingqalasizinda, kanye nemboni yokuthumela ngaphandle. Siyabahlonipha kakhulu.

Ithimba lethu selineminyaka engama-20 lisembonini yamapayipi ensimbi futhi linokubambisana kwesikhathi eside nalezi zimboni zensimbi. Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwepayipi lensimbi oludingayo, sizokusiza ukuthola umhlinzeki ofanele kakhulu. Uphatha ukufakwa kwe-oda, futhi sizonakekela ukufanisa.