20G: Yinombolo yensimbi ebhalwe ohlwini ye-GB5310-95 (imikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe ehambisanayo: st45.8 eJalimane, STB42 eJapan, kanye ne-SA106B e-United States). Yinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi ensimbi ebhoyila. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kufana kakhulu nalezo zamapuleti ensimbi angu-20. Insimbi inamandla athile ekushiseni okujwayelekile kanye nokushisa okuphakathi nokuphezulu, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, ukuqina okungcono kanye nokuqina, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokubanda nokushisa kanye nokushisela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izinto zokufaka amapayipi ebhoyila anomfutho ophezulu kanye nepharamitha ephezulu, ama-superheater, ama-reheater, ama-economizer kanye nezindonga zamanzi esigabeni sokushisa okuphansi; njengamapayipi amancane obubanzi bokushisa amapayipi aphezulu anokushisa kodonga okungu-≤500℃, kanye nezindonga zamanzi Amapayipi, amapayipi e-economizer, njll., amapayipi amakhulu obubanzi bamapayipi omusi kanye nama-header (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, i-superheater ephansi yokushisa kanye ne-reheater header) anokushisa kodonga okungu-≤450℃, kanye namapayipi anokushisa okuphakathi okungu-≤450℃ Izesekeli njll. Njengoba insimbi yekhabhoni izofakwa i-graphitized uma isebenza isikhathi eside ngaphezu kuka-450°C, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside leshubhu yokushisa lingcono kakhulu lilinganiselwe ngaphansi kuka-450°C. Kulolu hlu lokushisa, amandla ensimbi angahlangabezana nezidingo zama-superheater kanye namapayipi omusi, futhi inokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation, ukuqina kwepulasitiki, ukusebenza kwe-welding kanye nezinye izakhiwo zokucubungula ezishisayo nezibandayo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. Insimbi esetshenziswa esithandweni sase-Iran (esibhekisela kuyunithi eyodwa) yipayipi lokungenisa indle (inani lingamathani angu-28), ipayipi lokungenisa amanzi anomusi (amathani angu-20), ipayipi lokuxhuma umusi (amathani angu-26), kanye ne-economizer header (amathani angu-8). ), uhlelo lwamanzi olususa ukushisa (amathani angu-5), okunye kusetshenziswa njengensimbi eyisicaba kanye nezinto zokubopha (cishe amathani angu-86).

I-SA-210C (25MnG): Iyizinga lensimbi ku-ASME SA-210 standard. Iyipayipi elincane lensimbi ye-carbon-manganese lama-boiler nama-superheater, futhi iyinsimbi enamandla okushisa e-pearlite. I-China yalitshala ku-GB5310 ngo-1995 futhi yaliqamba ngokuthi i-25MnG. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalo kulula ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carbon ne-manganese, okunye kufana ne-20G, ngakho-ke amandla alo okukhiqiza aphakeme cishe ngo-20% kune-20G, kanti ukuqina kwalo nokuqina kwalo kulingana ne-20G. Insimbi inenqubo yokukhiqiza elula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubanda nokushisa. Ukuyisebenzisa esikhundleni se-20G kunganciphisa ukujiya kodonga kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto, Okwamanje kuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa kwebhoyila. Ingxenye yayo yokusetshenziswa kanye nokushisa kokusetshenziswa kufana kakhulu ne-20G, esetshenziselwa kakhulu udonga lwamanzi, i-economizer, i-superheater yokushisa okuphansi kanye nezinye izingxenye ezinokushisa okusebenzayo okuphansi kune-500℃.

I-SA-106C: Iyizinga lensimbi ku-ASME SA-106 ejwayelekile. Iyipayipi lensimbi ye-carbon-manganese lama-boiler amakhulu nama-superheater okushisa okuphezulu. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula futhi kufana nensimbi yekhabhoni engu-20G, kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni ne-manganese kuphakeme, ngakho-ke amandla ayo okukhiqiza aphakeme cishe ngo-12% kunalawo angu-20G, futhi ukuqina kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo akukubi. Insimbi inenqubo yokukhiqiza elula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubanda nokushisa. Ukuyisebenzisa ukufaka esikhundleni sama-header angu-20G (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, i-superheater yokushisa okuphansi kanye ne-header yokushisa kabusha) kunganciphisa ubukhulu bodonga cishe ngo-10%, okungonga izindleko zezinto zokwakha, kunciphise umthwalo womsebenzi wokushisela, futhi kuthuthukise ama-header. Umehluko wokucindezeleka ekuqaleni.

I-15Mo3 (15MoG): Iyipayipi lensimbi ngokwezinga le-DIN17175. Iyipayipi lensimbi le-carbon-molybdenum elinobubanzi obuncane le-boiler superheater, Okwamanje iyinsimbi enamandla okushisa e-pearlitic. I-China yalitshala ku-GB5310 ngo-1995 futhi yaliqamba ngokuthi i-15MoG. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalo kulula, kodwa liqukethe i-molybdenum, ngakho-ke ngenkathi ligcina ukusebenza okufanayo kwenqubo njengensimbi ye-carbon, amandla alo okushisa angcono kunensimbi ye-carbon. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kanye nentengo ephansi, liye lamukelwa kabanzi amazwe emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, insimbi inomkhuba wokusebenzisa i-graphitization ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-510℃, futhi inani le-Al elingeziwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa kufanele lilinganiselwe ekulawuleni nasekulibaziseni inqubo ye-graphitization. Le payipi lensimbi lisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-superheater aphansi okushisa kanye nama-reheater aphansi okushisa, kanti izinga lokushisa lodonga lingaphansi kuka-510℃. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo yi-C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; izinga lamandla omlilo elijwayelekile σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Ipulasitiki δ≥22.

I-SA-209T1a (20MoG): Iyizinga lensimbi ku-ASME SA-209 standard. Iyipayipi lensimbi le-carbon-molybdenum elinobubanzi obuncane lama-boiler nama-superheater, futhi iyinsimbi enamandla okushisa e-pearlite. I-China yalitshala ku-GB5310 ngo-1995 futhi yaliqamba ngokuthi i-20MoG. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalo kulula, kodwa liqukethe i-molybdenum, ngakho-ke ngenkathi ligcina ukusebenza okufanayo kwenqubo njengensimbi yekhabhoni, amandla alo okushisa angcono kunensimbi yekhabhoni. Kodwa-ke, insimbi inomkhuba wokwenza i-graphitize ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-510℃ futhi livimbele izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwamandla. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, inani le-Al elingeziwe kufanele lilinganiselwe ekulawuleni nasekulibaziseni inqubo ye-graphitization. Leli payipi lensimbi lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezifana nezindonga ezipholiswe ngamanzi, ama-superheater nama-reheater, kanti izinga lokushisa lodonga lingaphansi kuka-510℃. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo yi-C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; izinga lamandla elijwayelekile σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; i-plasticity δ≥30.

I-15CrMoG: iyizinga lensimbi ye-GB5310-95 (elihambisana nezinsimbi ze-1Cr-1/2Mo kanye ne-11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele). Okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chromium kuphakeme kunokwensimbi ye-12CrMo, ngakho-ke inamandla aphezulu okushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula i-550℃, amandla ayo okushisa ancishiswa kakhulu. Uma isebenza isikhathi eside ku-500-550℃, i-graphitization ngeke ivele, kodwa i-carbide spheroidization kanye nokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwezinto ezixubile kuzokwenzeka, konke okuholela ekushiseni kwensimbi. Amandla ancishisiwe, futhi insimbi inokumelana okuhle kokuphumula ku-450°C. Ukusebenza kwayo kwenqubo yokwenza amapayipi kanye nokushisela kuhle. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamapayipi omusi ocindezelayo aphezulu naphakathi kanye nama-header anemingcele yomusi engaphansi kuka-550℃, amashubhu e-superheater anezinga lokushisa lodonga lweshubhu elingaphansi kuka-560℃, njll. Ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali yi-C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; izinga lamandla σs≥ esimweni esivamile sokushisa 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Ipulasitiki δ≥21.

I-T22 (P22), i-12Cr2MoG: I-T22 (P22) yizinto ezijwayelekile ze-ASME SA213 (SA335), ezibhalwe ku-China GB5310-95. Ochungechungeni lwensimbi ye-Cr-Mo, amandla ayo okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, futhi amandla ayo okukhuthazela kanye nokucindezeleka okuvunyelwe ekushiseni okufanayo kuphakeme kakhulu kunensimbi ye-9Cr-1Mo. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa emandleni okushisa angaphandle, amandla enuzi kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela. Uhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Kodwa umnotho wayo wobuchwepheshe awumuhle njenge-12Cr1MoV yezwe lami, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamabhoyila wamandla okushisa asekhaya. Yamukelwa kuphela lapho umsebenzisi eyicela (ikakhulukazi uma iklanywe futhi ikhiqizwa ngokwezincazelo ze-ASME). Insimbi ayizweli ekwelashweni kokushisa, inokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokushisela. Amashubhu amancane e-T22 asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamashubhu okushisa ama-superheater nama-reheater anezinga lokushisa lensimbi elingaphansi kuka-580℃, kuyilapho amashubhu amakhulu e-P22 esetshenziswa kakhulu kumajoyinti e-superheater/reheater anezinga lokushisa lensimbi elingaphansi kuka-565℃. Ibhokisi kanye nepayipi eliyinhloko lomusi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalo yi-C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; izinga lamandla σs≥280, σb≥ ngaphansi kokushisa okuhle okungu-450-600 MPa; Ipulasitiki δ≥20.

I-12Cr1MoVG: Yinsimbi ebhalwe ku-GB5310-95, esetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-superheaters asekhaya anomfutho ophezulu, umfutho ophezulu kakhulu, kanye namapayipi omusi angaphansi kwengcindezi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zomshini kufana kakhulu nalawo eshidi le-12Cr1MoV. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwayo kulula, okuqukethwe kwe-alloy okuphelele kungaphansi kuka-2%, futhi iyinsimbi eshisayo enekhabhoni ephansi, ene-alloy ephansi. Phakathi kwazo, i-vanadium ingakha i-VC ye-carbide ezinzile enekhabhoni, engenza i-chromium ne-molybdenum ensimbini kube khona ngokukhethekile ku-ferrite, futhi yehlise ijubane lokudlulisa i-chromium ne-molybdenum kusuka ku-ferrite kuya ku-carbide, okwenza insimbi ibe nokuzinza kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Inani eliphelele lezinto ezihlanganisiwe kule nsimbi liyingxenye nje yensimbi engu-2.25Cr-1Mo esetshenziswa kabanzi kwamanye amazwe, kodwa amandla ayo okukhuthazela ku-580℃ kanye namahora angu-100,000 aphezulu ngo-40% kunaleyo yokugcina; futhi inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ilula, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela kuhle. Uma nje inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iqinile, ukusebenza okwanelisayo okuphelele kanye namandla okushisa kungatholakala. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesiteshi sikagesi kubonisa ukuthi ipayipi eliyinhloko lomusi le-12Cr1MoV lingaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ngemva kwamahora ayi-100,000 okusebenza okuphephile ku-540°C. Amapayipi amakhulu asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezihloko namapayipi amakhulu omusi anemingcele yomusi engaphansi kuka-565℃, kanti amapayipi amancane asetshenziselwa amapayipi okushisa phezulu ebhoyila anamazinga okushisa odonga lwensimbi angaphansi kuka-580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Iyizinga lensimbi ku-GB5310-95. Iyinsimbi enamandla ashisayo e-bainite enekhabhoni ephansi, e-alloy ephansi (inani elincane le-multiple) eyathuthukiswa futhi yathuthukiswa yizwe lakithi ngawo-1960. Ifakiwe ku-Ministry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 kusukela ngawo-1970 -70 kanye nezinga lamanje likazwelonke. Ekupheleni kuka-1980, insimbi yadlula ukuhlolwa okuhlangene kwe-Ministry of Metallurgy, i-Ministry of Machinery and Electric Power. Insimbi inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini, futhi amandla ayo okushisa kanye nokushisa kwesevisi kudlula okwensimbi zakwamanye amazwe ezifanayo, kufinyelela ezingeni lezinsimbi ezithile ze-chromium-nickel austenitic ku-620℃. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethwe ensimbini, futhi izinto ezifana ne-Cr, Si, njll. ezithuthukisa ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation nazo zengezwa, ngakho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenkonzo lingafinyelela ku-620°C. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesiteshi sikagesi kukhombisile ukuthi ukuhleleka nokusebenza kwepayipi lensimbi akushintshanga kakhulu ngemva kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengepayipi le-superheater kanye nepayipi le-reheater lebhoyila yepharamitha ephezulu kakhulu enokushisa kwensimbi okungu-≤620℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kungu-C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; izinga lamandla σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa esimweni esihle sokushisa; i-plasticity δ≥18.

I-SA-213T91 (335P91): Iyizinga lensimbi ku-ASME SA-213 (335) standard. Iyinto yezingxenye zokucindezela okuphezulu kwamandla enuzi (esetshenziswa nakwezinye izindawo) eyakhiwe yiRubber Ridge National Laboratory yase-United States. Insimbi isekelwe ensimbini ye-T9 (9Cr-1Mo), futhi inqunyelwe emikhawulweni ephezulu nephansi yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. , Ngenkathi ilawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwezinto ezisele njenge-P ne-S, i-trace engu-0.030-0.070% ye-N, i-trace yezinto eziqinile ezakha i-carbide engu-0.18-0.25% ye-V kanye ne-0.06-0.10% ye-Nb zengezwa ukuze kufezwe ukulungiswa Uhlobo olusha lwensimbi ye-ferritic engashisi ukushisa lwenziwa yizidingo zokusanhlamvu; yi-ASME SA-213 steel grade, kanti iShayina yatshala insimbi yayisa ezingeni le-GB5310 ngo-1995, futhi izinga libekwe njenge-10Cr9Mo1VNb; kanti izinga lamazwe ngamazwe i-ISO/ DIS9329-2 libhalwe njenge-X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium (9%), ukumelana kwayo ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuthambekela kokungaguquguquki kwe-graphitization kungcono kunezinsimbi eziphansi ze-alloy. I-element molybdenum (1%) ithuthukisa kakhulu amandla okushisa aphezulu futhi ivimbela insimbi ye-chromium. Ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisa; Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-T9, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-welding kanye nokusebenza kokukhathala kokushisa, ukuqina kwayo ku-600°C kuphindwe kathathu kunalokho kwakamuva, futhi igcina ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala kokushisa okuphezulu kwensimbi ye-T9 (9Cr-1Mo); Uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ine-coefficient encane yokwandisa, i-thermal conductivity enhle, kanye namandla aphezulu okukhuthazela (isibonelo, uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi ye-austenitic ye-TP304, linda kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa eliqinile lingu-625°C, kanye nezinga lokushisa elilinganayo lokucindezeleka lingu-607°C). Ngakho-ke, inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini eziphelele, isakhiwo esizinzile kanye nokusebenza ngaphambi nangemva kokuguga, ukusebenza kahle kokushisela kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-superheater kanye nama-reheater anezinga lokushisa lensimbi elingu-≤650℃ kuma-boiler. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo yi-C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; izinga lamandla σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa esimweni esihle sokushisa; i-plasticity δ≥20.