I-RCEP yisivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululekile esaqalwa yizizwe eziyishumi zase-ASEAN, ngokubamba iqhaza kweShayina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, i-Australia, neNew Zealand. Saqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2022, futhi saqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izizwe eziyi-15 ezisayine isivumelwano ngemuva kokuqala ukusebenza ePhilippines ngoJuni 2, 2023. Sihlanganisa cishe u-30% wabantu bomhlaba kanye nomkhiqizo wezomnotho, okwamanje yisivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululekile esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuqaliswa kwayo, i-RCEP inikeza izinzuzo eziningi embonini yezohwebo lwangaphandle lwamapayipi ensimbi; izinzuzo eziyinhloko zisekuncishisweni kwentela, imithetho yemvelaphi (ukuqongelela), kanye namathuba emakethe akhuphukayo akhuthazwa ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda.

Ngokuqondene ngqo nemboni yamapayipi ensimbi, umthelela uyabonakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

Ukuncishiswa Kwentela: Ukuncipha okubonakalayo kwezindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezinzuzo eziqhubekayo.

Ukwehliswa kwentela kumelela inzuzo eqondile kakhulu futhi elinganiswayo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwamapayipi ensimbi ngaphandle, umkhakha ovame ukubonakala ngenzuzo ephansi.

Uma sithatha imakethe ye-ASEAN njengesibonelo: Izimali zokungenisa emapayipini ensimbi emazweni athile ase-ASEAN (njenge-Indonesia neThailand) ziye zancipha kakhulu. Isibonelo, intela yokungenisa emapayipini ensimbi ahlanganisiwe nge-spiral yehle isuka ku-8% yaya ngaphansi kuka-3%. Nakuba isikhathi sokunciphisa kwemikhiqizo ethile enenani eliphezulu sinde (isb., intela yaseThailand emapayipini angenamthungo ithatha iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze ifinyelele ku-zero), umkhuba uwonke muhle.

Ukwehliswa kwentengo ethile yomkhiqizo: Cabanga ngentela yaseThailand kumapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kawoyela negesi (HS Code 730419) angeniswa evela eShayina; izinga eliyisisekelo lingu-1% kuphela, futhi ngemva kokungena kwe-RCEP, lehla ngo-0.1% minyaka yonke, lifinyelela ku-zero ngonyaka weshumi. Ngokwehlisa intela, i-RCEP yehlisa ngqo intengo yokugcina yemikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi aseShayina ezimakethe ezingamalungu, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwamanani.

Imithetho Yemvelaphi (Ukuqoqwa): Ukujulisa ukubambisana kwesifunda kweketanga lokuhlinzeka kanye nokusebenzisa izinzuzo zenqubomgomo ngendlela eguquguqukayo.

Lokhu kuyindlela entsha ye-RCEP ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba yehlisa kakhulu umkhawulo wokufanelekela izintandokazi zentela.

Umphumela "wokuqongelela": Ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-RCEP, umkhiqizo ovela kwelinye izwe eliyilungu ungafaka izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu, zonke eziphathwa "njengezinto zokuqala" ngesikhathi sokubalwa kweziqu. Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi acutshungulwa eShayina kusetshenziswa insimbi ekhethekile evela eJapan noma eNingizimu Korea angabhekwa njengavela esifundeni ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-RCEP, ngaleyo ndlela afanelekele ukwehliswa kwentela. Lokhu kwephula umkhawulo wesivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala sendabuko esidinga ukuthi yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yenzeke ezweni elilodwa.

Umhlahlandlela Owusizo: Amabhizinisi adinga ukuqonda izindlela eziyinhloko ezifana "nemithetho yokuqongelela yesifunda," "izitifiketi zokuqala ezilandelanayo," kanye "nezimemezelo ezivunyiwe zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe," futhi asebenzise ngokugcwele isitifiketi se-RCEP Form R ukuze azuze ekwehlisweni kwentela.

Ukuphatha Ukuqinisekiswa Kwe-inthanethi: Imithetho emisha, njengokuqinisekiswa kwe-inthanethi kwezitifiketi ze-RCEP zemvelaphi, isetshenzisiwe (ngokuqaliswa okugcwele ngo-2026). Amabhizinisi kumele aqinisekise ubuqiniso, ukunemba, kanye nokuhambisana kwedatha yawo yokumemezela ukuze ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zomthetho eziqinile.

Ukufinyelela Imakethe Nokufunwa: Ukusebenzisa imakethe enkulu yesifunda kanye nokusebenzisa amathuba engqalasizinda

Ukuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda okuqhutshwa yi-RCEP kuvule izimakethe ezibanzi zamabhizinisi amapayipi ensimbi aseShayina, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho isidingo sinamandla khona.

Isidingo Esiqhutshwa Yingqalasizinda eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Amaphrojekthi amakhulu—njengokwakhiwa kwenhloko-dolobha entsha yase-Indonesia (okulinganiselwa ukuthi insimbi izosetshenziswa ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.5), izinhlelo zokuhamba ngesitimela zaseThailand, kanye nentuthuko ehambisana nesitimela saseShayina-Laos—kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza isidingo samapayipi ensimbi. Ngo-2025, ukuthunyelwa kwensimbi e-ASEAN kwafinyelela ku-56.8% wesamba sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinye izinkampani zensimbi zaseShayina, okwenza i-ASEAN ibe yimakethe ekhula kakhulu.

Ukwandiswa Kwemakethe Yamazwe Ngamazwe: Uhlaka lwe-RCEP luphinde lusize ukwanda kwamabhizinisi ezimakethe zengqalasizinda ezisafufusa eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngokwenza ukucubungula okujulile emazweni angamalungu e-RCEP (njengeThailand), amabhizinisi aseShayina angakwazi ukusebenzisa imithetho yemvelaphi ukuthumela imikhiqizo (njenge-flanges) ngaphandle kwentela eJapan naseNingizimu Korea, ngaleyo ndlela afinyelele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okungaqondile.

Ukuhlukahluka Kwemakethe: Ukuqaliswa okujulile kwe-RCEP kusiza amabhizinisi aseShayina amapayipi ensimbi ukunciphisa ukuthembela kunoma iyiphi imakethe eyodwa futhi afinyelele ukuhlukahluka kwemakethe. Amanye amabhizinisi asevele andise isabelo sawo semakethe ye-ASEAN saya ku-40% ngokusebenzisa izintandokazi zentela ye-RCEP.

Ukuncintisana Nokuthobela Imithetho: Ukubhekana nezinselele nokwakha izinzuzo zesikhathi eside

Amathuba ahambisana nezinselele amabhizinisi okumele aziqaphele futhi azixazulule ngenkuthalo.

Ukwanda Kwengxabano Yezohwebo: Njengoba isabelo semakethe samapayipi ensimbi aseShayina sikhula esifundeni se-RCEP, amanye amazwe aseqalile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuxazulula ukuhweba. Isibonelo, iVietnam iqalise uphenyo lokulwa nokulahla imfucuza emikhiqizweni ethile yensimbi yaseShayina, kanti iJapane ikhiphe isinqumo sokuqala sokulwa nokulahla imfucuza mayelana nemichilo yensimbi egayiwe eshisiwe kanye namashidi avela eShayina.

Ukwakha amakhono okuthobela imithetho: Ngokwesimo se-RCEP, amakhono ahlobene nokusimama kanye nokuthobela imithetho avela njengemithombo emisha yokuncintisana. Amabhizinisi kudingeka azijwayeze imithetho ye-RCEP kanye nezidingo zokufinyelela emakethe emazweni ahlukene, asungule izintambo zobufakazi eziqinile zedatha yekhabhoni, futhi aguqule ukuthobela imithetho eluhlaza kube yinzuzo eyinhloko yokuncintisana.

Izinzuzo ezivezwe ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuqaliswa kwe-RCEP zingokwemvelo; isihluthulelo sisekutheni zingatholakala kanjani ngendlela ehlelekile.

Ukusebenzisa imithetho ngendlela ephumelelayo: Sebenzisa ngempumelelo izitifiketi ze-RCEP zemvelaphi, ulungise ukucushwa kwe-supply chain, unciphise izindleko zentela, futhi uthuthukise ukuncintisana kwamanani.

Ukuhlakulela ngokujulile izimakethe zokukhula: Gxila ezimakethe ze-ASEAN ezinesidingo esikhulu sengqalasizinda—njenge-Indonesia, iVietnam, neThailand—futhi usebenzise amathuba avela ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwe-Belt and Road Initiative kanye ne-RCEP.

Ukuqapha izingozi zokuthobela imithetho: Ngenkathi ukhula ngenkuthalo uye ezimakethe ezintsha, qapha ngokucophelela izithiyo zokuhweba ezifana nophenyo lokulwa nokulahla izimpahla emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kwebhizinisi okuhambisanayo.

Ukwakha ukuncintisana okuluhlaza: Njengoba izithiyo zokuhweba eziluhlaza njenge-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) zihambisana nezinzuzo ze-RCEP, amabhizinisi kufanele athuthukise amakhono okubala izinyathelo zekhabhoni yomkhiqizo futhi aguqule "amapayipi ensimbi aluhlaza" abe umkhawulo omusha wokuncintisana.