Ikhabhoni (C): Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ensimbini kuyanda, iphuzu lokukhiqiza, amandla okudonsa kanye nokuqina kuyanda, kodwa i-plasticity kanye nezakhiwo zomthelela ziyancipha. Lapho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kudlula u-0.23%, ukusebenza kokushisela kwensimbi kuyawohloka, ngakho-ke uma isetshenziselwa ukushisela Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi yesakhiwo esine-alloy ephansi ngokuvamile akudluli u-0.20%. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu kuzophinde kunciphise ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi emoyeni, futhi insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu egcekeni elivulekile kulula ukugqwala; ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhabhoni ingandisa ubuthakathaka obubandayo kanye nokuzwela kokuguga kwensimbi.
I-Silicon (Si): I-silicon ingezwa njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa kanye ne-deoxidizer enqubweni yokwenza insimbi, ngakho-ke insimbi ebulewe iqukethe i-silicon engu-0.15-0.30%. I-silicon ingathuthukisa kakhulu umkhawulo we-elastic, iphuzu lokukhiqiza kanye namandla okudonsa ensimbi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi njengensimbi ye-elastic. Ukwanda kwenani le-silicon kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwensimbi yokushisela.
I-Manganese (Mn). Enqubweni yokwenza insimbi, i-manganese iyi-deoxidizer enhle kanye ne-desulfurizer. Ngokuvamile, insimbi iqukethe i-manganese engu-0.30-0.50%. I-Manganese ingandisa amandla nokuqina kwensimbi, yandise ukuqina kwensimbi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwensimbi okushisa, futhi inciphise ukusebenza kwensimbi kokushisela.
I-Phosphorus (P): Ngokuvamile, i-phosphorus iyisici esiyingozi ensimbini, okwandisa ukuqina kokubanda kwensimbi, kwehlisa ukusebenza kokushisela, kunciphisa ukuqina kwensimbi, futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kokugoba okubandayo. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ensimbini ngokuvamile kudingeka kube ngaphansi kuka-0.045%, futhi isidingo sensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu siphansi.
I-Sulfur (S): I-Sulfur nayo iyisici esiyingozi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Yenza insimbi ishise ibe buthakathaka, yehlisa ukuqina kwensimbi, futhi ibangele imifantu ngesikhathi sokwakha nokugingqa. I-Sulfur nayo iyingozi ekusebenzeni kokushisela, yehlisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur ngokuvamile kudingeka kube ngaphansi kuka-0.045%, futhi isidingo sensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu siphansi. Ukwengeza i-sulfur engu-0.08-0.20% ensimbini kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo, futhi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi esika ngokukhululekile.
I-Vanadium (V): Ukwengeza i-vanadium ensimbini kungathuthukisa ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu futhi kuthuthukise amandla nokuqina.
I-Niobium (Nb): I-Niobium ingacwengisisa okusanhlamvu futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokushisela.
Ithusi (Cu): Ithusi lingathuthukisa amandla nokuqina. Okubi ukuthi lithambekele ekuqhekekeni okushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okushisayo, futhi okuqukethwe kwethusi ensimbini elahliwe kuvame ukuba phezulu.
I-Aluminium (Al): I-Aluminium iyi-deoxidizer esetshenziswa kakhulu ensimbini. Inani elincane le-aluminium liyangezwa ensimbini ukuze kuhlungwe okusanhlamvu futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqina komthelela.