GB/T5310-2008ʻO ke paipu kila humuhumu kahi ʻano paipu kila kiʻekiʻe. Ua māhele ʻia ka paipu paila i ka paipu paila maʻamau a me ka paipu paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe e like me kāna hana wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā paila mahu kaomi kiʻekiʻe a ma luna o ke kaomi, nā paipu a me nā kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe, ke kila kila alloy a me ke kila kila kila kūpaʻa wela. [1] Hana kēia mau paipu paila i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi, e hana ana i ke kinoea flue wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahu wai, kahi i maʻalahi i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion.

ʻO ke kūlana kila

(1) Ke kila kila kūkulu kalapona kiʻekiʻe 20G, 20MnG, 25MnG. 

(2) Ke kila hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ke kinikini 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, a pēlā aku. 

(3) ʻO ke kila kila e kū i ka wela i ka popo, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka paipu paila 1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni11Nb, me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka haku mele kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical, e hana i nā hoʻāʻo kaomi wai, e hana i ka flaring, a me ka hoʻāʻo compression. Hāʻawi ʻia nā paipu kila i ke kūlana mālama wela. 

Eia kekahi, pono nō hoʻi ka microstructure, ka nui o ka palaoa a me ka papa decarburization o nā paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia.

Ma waho aʻe o ka paila kiʻekiʻe kaomi, ʻo ke kila kila seamlessGB/T5310-2008e like me nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo nā huahana nui a kā mākou hui:

ASTMA210(A10M)-2012ʻO ka paila kila kalapona waena a me ka paipu kila seamless superheater, ʻo ka mea nui ʻo SA210 GrA1, SA210GrC;

ASME SA106/SA-106M-2015, ʻo nā mea nui ʻo GR.B gr.C;

ASME SA-213/SA-213M, mea hoʻohuihui maʻamau: T11, T12, T22 a me T23, T91, P92, T5, T5b, T9, T21, T22, T17;

ASTM A335 / A335M – 2018, ʻo nā mea nui: P11, P12, P22, P5, P9, P23, P91, P92, P2, a pēlā aku.