1. ʻIke Kūikawā Maʻamau
Uhi kēia kūlana i nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila mahu a me nā paipu, me nā paipu i huki anu ʻia, ʻōwili wela ʻia, kaomi wela ʻia a me nā paipu i hoʻemi ʻia. Nā ana: nā paipu i ʻōwili wela ʻia OD 25-530 mm, mānoanoa o ka paia 2.5-90 mm; nā paipu i huki anu ʻia OD 25-108 mm, mānoanoa o ka paia 2.0-25 mm. Loa: 3-12 m maʻamau (ʻōwili wela ʻia 4-12 m), nā lōʻihi paʻa e like me ka mea e pono ai. Nā hoʻomanawanui: OD +-0.25 mm a i +-1.25%, mānoanoa o ka paia +-8% a i +20%/-5% ma muli o ka nui. Pololei: 1.5-4.0 mm no ka mika e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia.
2. Nā Papa Mea a me ke Kuhikuhi Kūʻē Honua
| Papa Lūkini | Kina GB | ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ASTM | ʻEulopa EN | Iapana JIS | DIN Kelemānia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 20# / 20G | A106 Gr.B | P235GH | STB42 | St45.8 |
| 20-PV | 20# maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe | - | - | - | - |
| 15GS | 15Mn | - | - | SB46 | 14Mn4 |
| 15KhM | 15CrMo | A387 Gr.11 | 13CrMo4-5 | SCM415 | 13CrMo44 |
| 12Kh1MF | 12Cr1MoV | - | - | - | 13CrMoV42 |
| 12Kh1MF-PV | 12Cr1MoV maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe | - | - | - | - |
| 15Kh1M1F | 15Cr1Mo1V | - | - | - | 15CrMoV5-9 |
| 12Kh2MFSR | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10Kh9MFB-Sh | 10Cr9Mo1VNb | A335 P91/T91 | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | - | - |
| 12Kh11V2MF | - | - | - | - | - |
| 08Kh16N9M2 | 06Cr16Ni9Mo2 | - | - | - | - |
| 12Kh18N12T | 06Cr18Ni12Ti | ʻAISI 321 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | SUS321 | X6CrNiTi18-10 |
| 10Kh13G12BS2N2D2 | - | - | - | - | - |
Nānā: ʻO PV ke ʻano o ka hana ʻia me ka hao i hoʻemi pololei ʻia, ʻo Sh ke ʻano o ka electroslag remelting, hāʻawi nā mea ʻelua i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
3. Ka Hoʻohuihui Kemika a me nā Waiwai Mekanika Kuhikuhi wikiwiki
| Papa | C kiʻekiʻe | Cr | Mo | V | ʻO kekahi poʻe | MPa hua | MPa huki | % Hoʻolōʻihi | Hopena J/cm2 | Mahana Hana Loa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 0.24 | <=0.25 | - | - | Mn 0.35-0.65 | >=216 | 412-549 | >=24 | >=49 | <=450 C |
| 15GS | 0.18 | <=0.30 | - | - | Mn 1.10-1.40 | >=294 | >=490 | >=18 | >=45 | - |
| 15KhM | 0.18 | 0.80-1.10 | 0.40-0.55 | - | - | >=235 | 441-637 | >=21 | >=50 | 500-550 C |
| 12Kh1MF | 0.15 | 0.90-1.20 | 0.25-0.35 | 0.15-0.30 | - | >=274 | 441-637 | >=21 | >=55 | 570-585 C |
| 15Kh1M1F | 0.16 | 1.10-1.40 | 0.90-1.10 | 0.20-0.25 | - | >=320 | >=500 | >=18 | >=500 | <=585 C |
| 12Kh2MFSR | 0.15 | 1.60-1.90 | 0.50-0.70 | 0.20-0.35 | B 0.002-0.005 | >=274 | >=470 | >=21 | - | <=620 C |
| 10Kh9MFB-Sh | 0.12 | 8.0-10.0 | 0.90-1.10 | 0.18-0.30 | Nb 0.06-0.12 | >=400 | >=600 | >=19 | >=55 | 600-650 C |
| 12Kh11V2MF | 0.12 | ma kahi o 11 | ma kahi o 0.85 | ma kahi o 0.2 | ʻO W ma kahi o 2, ʻo Ni ma kahi o 1 | >=392 | >=588 | >=17 | >=25 | - |
| 08Kh16N9M2 | 0.08 | 15-17 | 2.0-2.5 | - | ʻAʻole hiki i ka lā 8-10 | 216-294 | >=529 | >=35 | - | - |
| 12Kh18N12T | 0.12 | 17-19 | - | - | Ni 11-13, Ti >=5C | 216-392 | 539-686 | >=35 | - | <=600 C (paipu a hiki i 800 C no ka manawa pōkole) |
| 10Kh13G12BS2N2D2 | 0.10 | 12-14 | - | - | Mn 11-13, Ni ma kahi o 2, Cu ma kahi o 2, Nb | >=216 | >=588 | >=22 | >=50 | - |
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā waiwai transverse; e nānā i ka papa maʻamau 14 no nā waiwai kikoʻī.
4. Ka Lapaʻau Wela (Maʻamau)
| Papa | Kaʻina Hana |
|---|---|
| 20 | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka 920-950 C |
| 15GS | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka 900-930 C, koho i ka mahana 630-670 C |
| 15KhM | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i 930-960 C + huhū 680-730 C |
| 12Kh1MF | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i 950-980 C + huhū 720-750 C |
| 15Kh1M1F | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i 970-1000 C + hoʻomehana 730-760 C (no nā paia mānoanoa >=10 h) |
| 12Kh2MFSR | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i 970-1000 C + huhū 750-780 C |
| 10Kh9MFB-Sh | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mahana o 1030-1050 C + mahana o 730-750 C |
| 12Kh11V2MF | E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mahana o 1020-1050 C + mahana o 750-780 C |
| Nā kila kila Austenitic | Lapaʻau hoʻonā 1030-1200 C, ea a wai paha e hoʻomaʻalili ai |
5. Nā Koina Nānā
100% koi ʻia: nānā ʻana i ka dimensional, nānā ʻana i ka ʻili, hoʻāʻo ultrasonic (no nā kīnā longitudinal), a me ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic. No kēlā me kēia ʻāpana laʻana: loiloi kemika (3 ʻāpana no kēlā me kēia wela), tensile mahana lumi (2%), hopena (2%), paʻakikī, a me nā hoʻāʻo hana (flaring, flattening, bending). Nā hoʻāʻo hou aʻe ma ke noi a ka mea kūʻai aku: tensile mahana kiʻekiʻe, ikaika haki kolo, corrosion intergranular (no ke kila kila), transverse ultrasonic, etc.
6. Code Waihoʻoluʻu (Papa wikiwiki)
| Papa | Waihoʻoluʻu | Papa | Waihoʻoluʻu |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | ʻōmaʻomaʻo | 15Kh1M1F | Keʻokeʻo |
| 20-PV | Polū | 12Kh2MFSR | Polū |
| 15GS | Palaunu | 10Kh9MFB-Sh | Poni |
| 15KhM | Melemele | 12Kh11V2MF | ʻeleʻele |
| 12Kh1MF | ʻulaʻula | 12Kh18N12T | ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia |
7. Nā Memo Koʻikoʻi
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia kūlana TU ma mua o GOST a ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no nā noi paila supercritical a me ultra-supercritical.
ʻO nā papa kūpaʻa wela ʻekolu koʻikoʻi he 12Kh1MF (570-585 C), 15Kh1M1F (<=585 C), a me 12Kh2MFSR (<=620 C).
Ua like like ʻo 10Kh9MFB-Sh me P91, akā ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohui ʻana a me nā kikoʻī nānā; e hōʻoia ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana.
He mea koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic 100%, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laʻana kuhikuhi maʻamau (SOP) no ka loiloi kīnā.
Ma waena o nā papa austenitic, hāʻawi ʻo 12Kh18N12T i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe loa (a hiki i 800 C no ka lawelawe paipu pōkole).
8. E pili ana iā Sanonpipe
Hāʻawi mākou i nā papa āpau i uhi ʻia e kēia kūlana, me ka laulā nui piha (OD 25-530 mm, paia 2.5-90 mm). Hāʻawi mākou i nā palapala hōʻoia EN 10204 3.1/3.2, ka lawe wikiwiki ʻana mai ka waihona (nā kauoha ulia pōpilikia i loko o 7-15 mau lā), a kākoʻo i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaupaʻa ʻana o ke kaupaʻa kalapona CBAM. Loaʻa nā lawelawe wehewehe loea piha a me nā lawelawe palapala.
SANONPIPE
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