1. Conspectus Standardis
Haec norma tubos ferreos sine suturis pro vaporariis et fistulis, inter quos tubi frigide tracti, calide laminati, calide pressi et reducti, amplectitur. Dimensiones: tubi calide laminati diametro externo 25-530 mm, crassitudo parietis 2.5-90 mm; tubi frigide tracti diametro externo 25-108 mm, crassitudo parietis 2.0-25 mm. Longitudines: fortuitae 3-12 m (calide laminati 4-12 m), longitudines fixae prout opus est. Tolerantiae: diametro externo +-0.25 mm ad +-1.25%, crassitudo parietis +-8% ad +20%/-5% secundum magnitudinem. Rectitudo: 1.5-4.0 mm per metrum secundum crassitudinem parietis.
2. Gradus Materialium et Comparatio Internationalis
| Gradus Russicus | Sina Britannia | ASTM Civitatum Foederatarum Americae | Europa EN | Iaponia JIS | DIN Germaniae |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 20# / 20G | A106 Gr.B | P235GH | STB42 | St45.8 |
| 20-PV | 20# alta puritas | - | - | - | - |
| 15GS | Quindecim miliones | - | - | SB46 | 14Mn4 |
| 15KhM | 15CrMo | A387 Gradus XI | 13CrMo4-5 | SCM415 | 13CrMo44 |
| 12Kh1MF | 12Cr1MoV | - | - | - | 13CrMoV42 |
| 12Kh1MF-PV | 12Cr1MoV altae puritatis | - | - | - | - |
| 15Kh1M1F | 15Cr1Mo1V | - | - | - | 15CrMoV5-9 |
| 12Kh2MFSR | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10Kh9MFB-Sh | 10Cr9Mo1VNb | A335 P91/T91 | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | - | - |
| 12Kh11V2MF | - | - | - | - | - |
| 08Kh16N9M2 | 06Cr16Ni9Mo2 | - | - | - | - |
| 12Kh18N12T | 06Cr18Ni12Ti | AISI 321 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | SUS321 | X6CrNiTi18-10 |
| 10Kh13G12BS2N2D2 | - | - | - | - | - |
Nota: PV significat productum ferro directe reducto, Sh significat refusionem scoriae electromagneticae; ambo puritatem maiorem praebent.
3. Compositio Chemica et Proprietates Mechanicae - Index Brevis
| Gradus | C maxima | Cr | Mo | V | Alii | Proventus MPa | MPa tensile | Elongatio % | Impactus J/cm² | Temperatura Maxima Servitii |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 0.24 | <=0.25 | - | - | Mn 0.35-0.65 | >=216 | 412-549 | >=24 | >=49 | <=450°C |
| 15GS | 0.18 | <=0.30 | - | - | Mn 1.10-1.40 | >=294 | >=490 | >=18 | >=45 | - |
| 15KhM | 0.18 | 0.80-1.10 | 0.40-0.55 | - | - | >=235 | 441-637 | >=21 | >=50 | 500-550°C |
| 12Kh1MF | 0.15 | 0.90-1.20 | 0.25-0.35 | 0.15-0.30 | - | >=274 | 441-637 | >=21 | >=55 | 570-585°C |
| 15Kh1M1F | 0.16 | 1.10-1.40 | 0.90-1.10 | 0.20-0.25 | - | >=320 | >=500 | >=18 | >=500 | <=585°C |
| 12Kh2MFSR | 0.15 | 1.60-1.90 | 0.50-0.70 | 0.20-0.35 | B 0.002-0.005 | >=274 | >=470 | >=21 | - | <=620°C |
| 10Kh9MFB-Sh | 0.12 | 8.0-10.0 | 0.90-1.10 | 0.18-0.30 | Nb 0.06-0.12 | >=400 | >=600 | >=19 | >=55 | 600-650°C |
| 12Kh11V2MF | 0.12 | circiter undecim | circiter 0.85 | circiter 0.2 | W circiter 2, Ni circiter 1 | >=392 | >=588 | >=17 | >=25 | - |
| 08Kh16N9M2 | 0.08 | XV-XVII | 2.0-2.5 | - | Ni 8-10 | 216-294 | >=529 | >=35 | - | - |
| 12Kh18N12T | 0.12 | XVII-XIX | - | - | Ni 11-13, Ti >=5°C | 216-392 | 539-686 | >=35 | - | <=600 C (tubus usque ad 800 C per breve tempus) |
| 10Kh13G12BS2N2D2 | 0.10 | XII-XIV | - | - | Mn 11-13, Ni circiter 2, Cu circiter 2, Nb | >=216 | >=588 | >=22 | >=50 | - |
Proprietates transversales paulo inferiores sunt; vide tabulam ordinariam 14 pro valoribus exactis.
4. Tractatio Caloris (Typica)
| Gradus | Processus |
|---|---|
| 20 | Normaliza 920-950°C |
| 15GS | Normalizatio 900-930°C, temperatio ad libitum 630-670°C |
| 15KhM | Normalizatio 930-960°C + temperatio 680-730°C |
| 12Kh1MF | Normalizatio 950-980°C + temperatio 720-750°C |
| 15Kh1M1F | Normalizatio 970-1000°C + temperatio 730-760°C (pro parietibus crassis >=10 h) |
| 12Kh2MFSR | Normalizatio 970-1000°C + temperatio 750-780°C |
| 10Kh9MFB-Sh | Normalizatio 1030-1050°C + temperatio 730-750°C |
| 12Kh11V2MF | Normalizatio 1020-1050°C + temperatio 750-780°C |
| Chalybes austenitici inoxidabiles | Solutio tractata 1030-1200°C, aere vel aqua refrigerata |
5. Requisita Inspectionis
Omnino necessaria: inspectio dimensionalis, inspectio superficiei, probatio ultrasonica (pro defectibus longitudinalibus), et probatio hydrostatica. Per singulas partes colligendae exempla: analysis chemica (tres partes per calorem), tensio temperaturae cubiculi (2%), impactus (2%), duritiei, et probationes processus (expansio, applanatio, flexio). Probationes additionales ad petitionem emptoris: tensio altae temperaturae, resistens rupturae per reptationem, corrosio intergranularis (pro chalybe inoxidabili), ultrasonica transversalis, etc.
6. Index Colorum (Tabula Celeris)
| Gradus | Color | Gradus | Color |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | Viridis | 15Kh1M1F | Albus |
| 20-PV | Caeruleus | 12Kh2MFSR | Caeruleus |
| 15GS | Fuscus | 10Kh9MFB-Sh | Purpureus |
| 15KhM | Flavus | 12Kh11V2MF | Niger |
| 12Kh1MF | Ruber | 12Kh18N12T | Non specificatum |
7. Notae Claves
Haec norma TU strictior est quam GOST et specialiter designata est ad applicationes caldariorum supercriticorum et ultra-supercriticorum.
Tres gradus calori resistentes in nucleo sunt 12Kh1MF (570-585°C), 15Kh1M1F (<=585°C), et 12Kh2MFSR (<=620°C).
10Kh9MFB-Sh P91 fere aequivalet, sed compositionis et inspectionis rationes differunt; ante substitutionem verifica.
Examen ultrasonicum centum per centum necessarium est, exemplaribus referentialibus normalibus (SOP) ad aestimationem vitiorum utendo.
Inter genera austenitica, 12Kh18N12T maximam resistentiam temperaturae praebet (usque ad 800°C ad breve tempus in usu tuborum).
8. De Sanonpipe
Omnes gradus ab hac norma comprehensos suppeditamus, cum plena amplitudine magnitudinum (diametro externo 25-530 mm, paries 2.5-90 mm). Certificata EN 10204 3.1/3.2, celerem traditionem ex copia (mandata urgentia intra 7-15 dies) praebemus, et obsequium vestigii carbonis CBAM sustinemus. Plena explicatio technica et officia documentationis praesto sunt.
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Tempus publicationis: Iul-31-2026
