Mu gawo la zipangizo zamapaipi a mafakitale, muyezo waku AmericaASME SA335/ASTM A335 P9Mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika ali ndi malo ofunikira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera. Anthu ambiri amadabwa: Kodi P9 imapangidwa ndi zinthu ziti? Kodi P9 imafanana ndi giredi iti mu muyezo wadziko lonse? Kodi P9 imafanana ndi zinthu ziti mu muyezo wadziko lonse? Yankho latsatanetsatane ndi ili kwa inu.

I. Makhalidwe ndi Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zinthu za P9
ASME SA335/ASTM A335 P9 yokhazikika ku America ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda chitsulo chopangidwa ndi ferritic alloy chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Cholinga chake chachikulu chopangira ndikutumikira ma boiler otentha kwambiri, amphamvu komanso amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zofunika monga machubu a superheater, machubu obwezeretsanso kutentha, machubu otsogolera gasi ndi machubu akuluakulu a nthunzi. Mu makampani opanga petrochemical, kupanga ma boiler otentha kwambiri, ma superheater, ma heat exchangers ndi ma payipi fittings sikungathenso popanda machubu a P9 otentha kwambiri. Imatha kusunga zinthu zokhazikika zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo m'malo otentha kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zida zogwirizana nazo zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso moyenera.
II. Kuyerekeza kwa P9 ndi magiredi a National Standard
Zinthu zomwe zili mu muyezo waku AmericaASTM A335 P9Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika cha aloyi ndi chofanana ndi giredi ya 12Cr9Mo ya muyezo wa ku China wa GB/T 5310. Poyerekeza kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina ndi momwe zinthu zimaperekedwera, ziwirizi zimakhala ndi kufanana kwakukulu ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosinthana. Pakupanga mafakitale enieni, kumvetsetsa ubale wofananawu kungathandize mabizinesi kukhala osinthasintha pakusankha zinthu ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za polojekiti motsatira miyezo yosiyanasiyana.

III. Kusanthula Kwathunthu kwa Miyezo Yogwiritsira Ntchito
Miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi achitsulo a P9 superalloy ndi ASME SA335/SA335M ndi ASTM A335/A335M, ndipo ndi yofanana ndi miyezo ya dziko lonse.GB/T 9948, GB/T 5310ndi muyezo waku AmericaASTM A213Kutsatira kwambiri miyezo iyi popanga zinthu kumatsimikizira kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika a P9, zomwe zimathandiza kuti akwaniritse zofunikira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.

Iv. Kuwulula Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala
Mapaipi achitsulo osasemphana a ASTM A335 P9 aku America ali ndi miyezo yokhwima yopangira mankhwala:

C: ≤0.15. Kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'chitsulo n'kofunika kwambiri pa kulimba kwa chitsulo ndi kuuma kwake.
Silikoni: 0.25~1.00. Chinthu cha silikoni chimathandiza kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo.
Mn: 0.30-0.60. Manganese imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa chitsulo.
P≤0.025. Kuwongolera mokwanira kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulocho chikugwira ntchito bwino.
S≤0.025. Sulfa wokwanira ungathandize kuchepetsa kuuma kwa chitsulo.
Cr: 8.00-10.00. Chromium imawonjezera kwambiri kukana dzimbiri ndi kukana okosijeni kwa chitsulo.
Mo: 0.90-1.10. Molybdenum imawonjezeranso mphamvu, kulimba komanso mphamvu ya kutentha kwa chitsulo.
Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana kuti zipereke mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika a P9 omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.

V. Kuwonetsa Katundu wa Makina
Makhalidwe a makina a mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika a P9 alloy nawonso ndi abwino kwambiri:

Mphamvu yokoka ndi ≥415Mpa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isasweke mosavuta ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu yokoka.
Mphamvu yotulutsa ndi ≥205Mpa, zomwe zikusonyeza mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi kusokonekera kwa zinthu.
Kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwa ≥22% kumasonyeza kuti zinthuzo zili ndi mphamvu zina zodulira.
Makhalidwe otere a makina amathandiza kuti igwire ntchito bwino pansi pa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Ndiye, kodi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika cha A335 P9 chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri choterechi chimapangidwa bwanji? Dinani ulalo wa kanema: Kupanga ndi kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika cha A335 P9, kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira yonse yopangira kuphatikizapo kupanga ndi kutentha.

Vi. Mkhalidwe wa Kutumiza ndi Mafotokozedwe a Miyeso
Mkhalidwe Wotumizira: Nthawi zambiri amadzazidwa ndi madzi ofunda kapena ofunda, okhazikika + ofunda. Njira zotumizira izi zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti mapaipi achitsulo akugwira ntchito bwino panthawi yotumizira, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mafotokozedwe ndi kukula: Kuphimba mtunda wa 60.3-765*2-120. Mafotokozedwe ofanana a m'mimba mwake ndi 60.3, 73, 88.9, 114.3, 168.3, 219.1, 273.1, 323.9, 355.6, 406.4, 457.2, 508, 559, 610, 660, 711, ndi 762. Zachidziwikire, makulidwe ena amathanso kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zapadera za makasitomala kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za polojekiti.
Kaya ndi kwa oyamba kumene m'mafakitale kumvetsetsa chidziwitso cha zinthu kapena kwa akatswiri kusankha zipangizo zamapulojekiti, kumvetsetsa bwino mapaipi achitsulo osasenda a ASME SA335/ASTM A335 P9 omwe ali mu alloy ya America ndikofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuti mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mafakitale apite patsogolo bwino.