Kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha mafuta:

Chogwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola zitsime zamafuta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakubowola komanso pambuyo pomaliza chithandizo cha khoma la chitsime, kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira yobowola ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti chitsime chonse chigwire ntchito bwino pambuyo pomaliza. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka, mkhalidwe wa kupsinjika kwa pansi pa nthaka ndi wovuta, ndipo ntchito yonse ya kupsinjika kwa kukoka, kupsinjika, kupindika, ndi kugwedezeka kwa chitolirocho kumabweretsa zofunikira zapamwamba pa mtundu wa chitolirocho. Chitolirocho chikawonongeka pazifukwa zina, chingayambitse kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa chitsime chonse, kapena ngakhale zinyalala.

Mitundu ya mafuta odzola:

Malinga ndi SY/T6194-96 “chitseko cha petroleum”, chingagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri: chitseko chaufupi chokhala ndi ulusi ndi kolala yake ndi chitseko chautali chokhala ndi ulusi ndi kolala yake.

Muyezo wa chidebe cha mafuta ndi ma CD:

Malinga ndi SY/T6194-96, chivundikiro cha m'nyumba chiyenera kumangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo kapena lamba wachitsulo. Gawo lowonekera la chivundikiro chilichonse ndi ulusi wa kolala ziyenera kukulungidwa ndi mphete yoteteza kuti ulusiwo utetezeke.

Chikwamacho chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi ulusi ndi kolala malinga ndi API SPEC 5CT1988 kope loyamba kapena mu mawonekedwe aliwonse a malekezero a chitoliro awa: mapeto athyathyathya, ulusi wozungulira wopanda kolala kapena kolala, ulusi wa trapezoidal wotsekedwa wokhala ndi kapena wopanda kolala, ulusi wowongoka, kukonza kwapadera kumapeto, kapangidwe ka mphete yosindikizira.

Chitsulo chachitsulo cha chivundikiro cha mafuta:

Chitsulo cha mafuta chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo malinga ndi mphamvu ya chitsulocho, chomwe ndi H-40, J-55, K-55, N-80, C-75, L-80, C-90, C-95, P-110, Q-125, ndi zina zotero.Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a chitsime, kuya kwa chitsime, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chapadera nakonso n'kosiyana. Chidebecho chokha chimayeneranso kukhala cholimba m'malo owonongeka. M'malo okhala ndi mikhalidwe yovuta ya geological, chidebecho chimayeneranso kukhala cholimba kuti chisasweke.

Fomula yowerengera kulemera kwa chidebe cha mafuta ndi iyi:

KG/ m = (m'mimba mwake wakunja – makulidwe a khoma) * makulidwe a khoma *0.02466

Utali wa chivundikiro cha mafuta:

Pali mitundu itatu ya kutalika komwe kwatchulidwa ndi API: R-1 4.88 mpaka 7.62m, R-2 7.62 mpaka 10.36m, R-3 10.36m mpaka kupitirira.

Mtundu wa chikwama cha mafuta:

API 5CTMitundu ya zingwe zomangira mafuta ndi monga STC (buckle yozungulira yochepa), LTC (buckle yozungulira yayitali), BTC (buckle ya makwerero ochepa), VAM (buckle yachifumu) ndi mitundu ina ya zingwe.

Kuwunika momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito m'chikwama cha mafuta:

(1) Malinga ndi SY/T6194-96. Kuchita mayeso otsetsereka (GB246-97) (GB228-87) ndi mayeso okhazikika.

(2) mayeso a hydrostatic, mayeso ophwanyika, mayeso a sulfide stress corrosion cracking, mayeso a hardness (ASTME18 kapena E10 version yaposachedwa), mayeso okakamiza, mayeso opingasa (ASTMA370, ASTME23 ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa miyezo yoyenera) malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la American Petroleum Institute APISPEC5CT1988 linapereka, kutsimikiza kukula kwa tirigu (ASTME112 version yaposachedwa kapena njira ina)

Kutumiza ndi kutumiza mafuta m'chikwama:

(1) Mayiko akuluakulu otumiza mafuta ndi awa: Germany, Japan, Romania, Czech Republic, Italy, United Kingdom, Austria, Switzerland, United States, Argentina, Singapore.Miyezo yochokera kunja imatchula muyezo wa American Petroleum Institute API5A, 5AX, 5AC. Gulu lachitsulo ndi H-40, J-55, N-80, P-110, C-75, C-95 ndi zina zotero. Mafotokozedwe akuluakulu ndi 139.77.72R-2, 177.89.19R-2, 244.58.94R-2, 244.510.03R-2, 244.511.05r-2, ndi zina zotero.

(2) Pali mitundu itatu ya kutalika komwe kwatchulidwa ndi API: R-1 ndi 4.88 ~ 7.62m, R-2 ndi 7.62 ~ 10.36m, R-3 ndi 10.36m mpaka kutalika.

(3) Gawo la katundu wotumizidwa kunja lili ndi chizindikiro cha LTC, mwachitsanzo, chikwama cha filament buckle.

(4) Kuwonjezera pa miyezo ya API, ma bushing ochepa ochokera ku Japan amatsatira miyezo ya opanga aku Japan (monga Nippon Steel, Sumitomo, Kawasaki, ndi zina zotero), manambala achitsulo ndi NC-55E, NC-80E, NC-L80, NC-80HE, ndi zina zotero.

(5) Pa milandu yokhudza milandu, panali zolakwika monga chikwama chakuda, kuwonongeka kwa tayi ya waya, kupindika kwa thupi la chitoliro, mtunda wolimba wa chikwama ndi ulusi wosweka womwe sunali wololera, kuphatikiza mtengo wa J womwe sunali wololera, komanso mavuto amkati monga kusweka kwa ming'alu ndi mphamvu yochepa ya chikwamacho.

Kapangidwe ka makina a gulu lililonse lachitsulo cha mafuta: